1、语法图解Section Grammar 复习状语和状语从句探究发现It can sound very different from place to place.For example,within London the most famous dialect is cockney.One woman was lying in bed,awake.A customer came up to the author holding a copy of the bookand said Emma Chissit.The boy needs a pen to do his homework.Well
2、start our project if the president agrees.Ill give you an answer immediately Ive finished reading the report.The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort the moment he returned to his office.Poor as he was,he was honest.我的发现(1)句为词语作状语,句为句子作状语。(2)为非谓语动词作状语。(3)句中的条件状语从句用代替一般将来时。(
3、4)句用副词引导状语从句;句用引导时间状语从句。(5)句中的状语从句使用了语序。一般现在时名词性短语倒装一、状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句,说明动作或者状态的特征,或对某特征进行补充说明。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的短语来充当。一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。Obviously,your answer is absolutely wrong.很显然你的答案绝对错了。Two weeks later he published his first novel.两周之后他出版了第一部小说。We have worked hard in the classro
4、om all the morning.整个上午我们都在教室里努力学习。He worked hard to pass the exam.他努力学习,想通过考试。There being no bus,we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车了,我们不得不走回家。Encouraged by the teacher,I decided to learn English well.在老师的鼓励下,我决心把英语学好。名师点津(1)形容词作状语表示伴随或结果,并不表示动作的方式。(2)不定式、分词作状语必须和句子主语之间含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系,否则一般不能使用不定式、分词作状语。Gath
5、ering around the fire,the tourists danced with the local people.那些游客围着篝火和当地人一起跳舞。Seen from the top of the mountain,the village looks more beautiful.这个村庄从山顶上看起来更漂亮。即时演练 1 单句语法填空He does his work so (careful)that he seldom makes mistakes.He sat down and started (gentle)talking to the dog.(give)more att
6、ention,the little trees would have grown better.China will allow all couples to have two children,(give)up its decades-long one-child policy.(spend)nearly all our money,we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.carefullygentlyGivengivingHaving spent(tire)and short of breath,they were the first to reach t
7、he top of Mount Tai.(get)to school on time,he got up earlier.Tom took a taxi to the airport,only (find)his plane high up in the sky.Although (build)ten years ago,the house still looks new.Salt water hit against my face,(make)it difficult to breathe.TiredTo getto findbuiltmaking二、状语从句(一)时间状语从句时间状语从句常
8、由 when,while,as,before,after,since,until,as soon as,no sooner.than.,hardly.when,the moment,every time,immediately 等引导。1when,while,as 引导的时间状语从句(1)when 表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,用延续性动词。When I arrived there,the wedding ceremony was going on.我到那的时候,婚礼仪式正在举行。(when 表示点时间)When I lived in the countryside,I us
9、ed to carry some water for him.我住在农村时,常常为他担水。(when 表示段时间)(2)while 表示“在期间”或“在某一段时间里”,它所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句动作的同时发生。While I was waiting for the bus,I saw an accident.我在等公交车的时候看到了一起事故。(3)as 引导的时间状语从句as 表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,一般与延续性动词连用。The thief was caught as he was stealing in the supermarket.小偷在超市行窃时被逮住
10、了。as 表示“一边一边”,强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。As the students walked to their dorms,they sang happily.学生们一边往宿舍走,一边快乐地唱着歌。as 还可以说明两种正在发展或变化的情况,意为“随着”,表示时间的推移。As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。2since 引导的时间状语从句since 表示从过去某一时间、动作或事情起到目前为止,意思是“自以来”。引导状语从句时,主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,since 从句中一
11、般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。Ever since they got married in 1950,they have lived happily.自 1950 年结婚以来,他们一直生活得很幸福。名师点津 since 引导的从句中如果从句谓语是延续性的动作或状态,则它所表示的时间从该动作或状态结束时算起。It is three years since he lived here.他不在这儿住有三年了。3before,after 引导的时间状语从句(1)before 表示在一段时间之前。after 表示在一段时间之后。You need to check in an hour before you
12、r flight takes off.你需要在航班起飞前一个小时办理登机手续。After the boy had finished his homework,he played football with his friends.这个小男孩在完成作业后,去和他的小伙伴们踢足球了。(2)before 有时翻译成“才”,“不到就”,“趁就”,“还没(来得及)就”。He ran off before I could stop him.我还没来得及阻止他,他就跑掉了。4till,until 引导的时间状语从句(1)如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,就常用肯定式表示“直到为止”;如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动
13、词,就常用否定式表示“直到才”。He will remain in college until/till he finishes his Ph.D course.他将留在学校里直到完成他的博士学位课程。I will not go with you until/till I finish my homework.等我做完作业我才和你一起去。(2)当 not until 位于句首时,主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。Not until she stopped crying did I leave.直到她不哭了,我才离开。名师点津(1)until 引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但 till
14、从句一般不放在句首。(2)在强调句型中一般只能用 until,不用 till。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognised her.直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她来。5表示“一就”的时间状语从句as soon as,once,immediately,instantly,directly,the moment,the minute,the instant,the second,no sooner.than,hardly.when,scarcely.when 等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生了,
15、即“一就”。As soon as we got home,the telephone rang.我们刚到家,电话就响了。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.他说他一回到家就打开电视机。名师点津(1)hardly/scarcely.when,no sooner.than 引导的从句中的动词用一般过去时,主句中的动词用过去完成时。(2)当 hardly,scarcely,no sooner 位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her
16、 up.她刚要睡着,忽然敲门声把她吵醒了。6next time,the first time,the last time,every time,by the time 等引导的时间状语从句Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.下次你进城一定要来看我们。By the time you came back,I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。(从句为一般过去时,主句要用过去完成时)(二)让步状语从句让步状语从句由 although,though,while“虽然,尽管”,as,even if,
17、even though“即使也”,however,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whether.or.“不管还是”,no matter(who,what,etc.)等引导。Although they lack official support,they continue their struggle.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持,但仍然继续奋斗。Even if you fail,you will have gained experience.纵然失败,你也会得到一些经验。Young as he is,he knows
18、a lot.尽管他很年轻,但他懂得很多。名师点津 though 引导的让步状语从句,可以用倒装语序;as 引导的让步状语从句,必须用倒装语序,把表语或状语及谓语动词的动词原形置于句首;although 引导让步状语从句,不可用倒装语序。(三)条件状语从句条件状语从句由 if,unless,as/so long as(只要),in case(that),on condition that,suppose,supposing(that),provided,providing that 等引导。If you demand his presence,warn him in advance.如果你们要他
19、来,就事先通知他。You cant learn a language well unless you work hard.除非你努力学习,否则是学不好一门语言的。We should serve the people as/so long as we live.只要我们活着,就应该为人民服务。名师点津 在条件状语从句中,通常不用一般将来时,而用一般现在时代替。(四)原因状语从句原因状语从句由 because,as,since,now that 等引导。Because he is ill,he is absent today.他生病了,因此他今天缺席。Since we live near the
20、sea,we can often go swimming.由于我们住得离海近,我们可以经常去游泳。(五)结果状语从句和目的状语从句(1)引导结果状语从句的连词有:so.that,such.that“如此以至于”,so that“以至于,所以”等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。I didnt plan the work well,so that I didnt finish it in time.我没把工作计划好,结果没按时完成。The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited.科学家的报告很有教育性,我
21、们感到很兴奋。(2)引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that,in order that,lest,for fear that,in case 等。They started early so that they might arrive in time.他们早点动身,以便准时到达。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。(六)方式状语从句和比较状语从句(1)方式状语从句常由 as,as if,as though 等词引导,通常位于主句之后。He acted as if/though nothing h
22、ad happened.他装作似乎什么事也没发生过。(2)比较状语从句由 as.as;more.than;the more.,the more.等引导。Our new school is four times as big as the old one.我们的新学校是原来学校的四倍大。(七)地点状语从句地点状语从句用连接副词 where 或 wherever(在任何地方)引导。Just stay where you are.就待在你原来的地方。即时演练 2 选词填空unless,whenever,before,if,although,even if,as,where,once,sinceWe
23、wont give up we may meet a lot of difficulties on the way to success.Do you are told,otherwise you will get into trouble.Dont ask me to explain it to you you really dont understand.you lose your customers trust,you will never win it back.even ifasunlessOnceHow long is it we last had a picnic in the
24、countryside together?I have to give a speech,I get extremely nervous before I start.If you happen to get lost in the wild,youd better stay you are and wait for help.She had rushed out of the room I could say a word.we know some basic tips about first aid,we can save ourselves and others in serious a
25、ccidents.he worked so hard,he didnt win first prize in the competition.sinceWheneverwherebeforeIfAlthough链接高考单句语法填空1(2019天津高考改编)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion he wants their support.unless解析:考查状语从句。句意:汤姆很独立,除非他想得到父母的支持,否则他从不征求父母的意见。根据语境可知,这里用从属连词 unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。2(20
26、18北京高考改编)we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone.If解析:考查状语从句。句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上许多动植物将不复存在。根据句意可知,此处用 if 引导条件状语从句。3(2018天津高考改编)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend that they get sweet enough to be eaten.so解析:考查状语从句。从句意的连贯看,空前说等到周末再摘这些桃子,空后说“它们就变得够甜了,可以吃
27、了”,这里应该用 so that“以便”引导目的状语从句。4(2017全国卷)It is (certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.certainly解析:考查副词作状语。虽然 fun 是名词,但空格处修饰整个句子,作状语,故填 certainly。5(2017北京高考改编)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save)their valuable time.to save解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:现在许多航空公司允许乘客在
28、网上打印他们的登机牌,以节约他们宝贵的时间。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处应用不定式作目的状语,故填to save。6(20176 月浙江高考)Pahlsson screamed loudly that her daughter came running from the house.so解析:考查副词作状语。句意:Pahlsson 的尖叫声如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房间里跑了出来。此处为 so/such.that.句型,表示“如此以至于”,由于空格后的词为副词 loudly,应用副词来修饰,故填 so。7(2017北京高考改编)birds use their feathers for fli
29、ght,some of their feathers are for other purposes.Although/Though/While解析:考查状语从句。句意:尽管鸟儿用羽毛飞行,但是它们的羽毛也有其他用途。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空格处引导让步状语从句表示“尽管”,故填Although/Though/While。8(2017江苏高考改编)Located the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.where解析:考查状语从句。句意:江苏位于“一带一路”
30、的交汇处,将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更多的贡献。此处空格处引导地点状语从句,故填 where。9(2017北京高考改编)If you dont understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people you figure it out.until/till解析:考查状语从句。句意:如果你无法理解某个东西,你可以研究、学习以及和他人探讨,直到你把它弄明白。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空格处引导时间状语从句,表示“直到为止”,故填 until/till。10(2016全国卷)Over time,the popula
31、tion grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.as/when解析:考查状语从句。句意:慢慢地,随着人口的增加(当人口增加时),为了使食物熟得更快,人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知,所填之词引导时间状语从句表示“随着”或“当时候”,故填 as/when。演练提能.单句语法填空1If you can make full use of the books,you will(probable)become a good lawyer in the future.2Though
32、(surprise)at the result,he didnt say anything.3(help)her disabled aunt,the girl spends an hour working in her house every day.4Soon after,I was on my way to the show,(carry)a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.probablysurprisedTo helpcarrying5Greatly (encourage),the team conducted another experim
33、ent,this time with water that contained bacteria.6(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.7 he goes,he carries a camera with him to take photos.encouragedHaving spentWherever8Remember:Learning is so important _ it can change your futur
34、e life.9Mother asked me to make a wish I blew out all the candles.10 the computer is very expensive,it will never go out of style.thatbeforeAlthough/Though/While.单句改错1As is known to us,students do fewer and fewer sports now,which makes them weak and easy tired.2After the long journey,the three of th
35、em went back home,hungry and tiredly.3Finally I refused to attend classes,shut myself in my room for hours.4Second,avoid wasting money,students should form the habit of wearing school uniforms.5Clearly and thoughtfully writing,the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answe
36、rs.easyeasilytiredlytiredshutshuttingavoid 前加 towritingwritten6How time flies!It has been two weeks after our winter vacation began.7Every time when he arrived home at the end of the day,wed greet him at the door.8Although you get along well with them,they will help you to learn Chinese.9Since it ca
37、n be very convenient to pay in cash,using cheques is much more reliable.10Although I was quite unwilling to say“Goodbye”to my father,but he had to leave for my hometown in the evening.aftersince去掉 whenAlthoughIfSinceThough/Although/While去掉 but.短文改错Im tired and covered in dust.Ive been digging all da
38、y and Ill be doing the same tomorrow.Sound awful,doesnt it?But Ive never had so many fun in my life.As an archaeology student,I have already knew something about the Qin Tomb and the Terracotta Warriors.Most Chinese children can tell you Qin Shihuang was the first emperor joined China together.He wa
39、s a brilliant ruler,and he was also a cruel man who killed thousands of people.When he became king of the state,he immediate ordered workers to construct an underground tomb for him,which is said to contain great treasures.But the actual entrance to the tomb has ever been found,nor has the tomb been
40、 opened.There are ancient descriptions of crossbows hiding at the tombs entrance.Its said that if everyone steps across the entrance,the crossbows will be fire.答案:第三句:SoundSounds第四句:manymuch第五句:knewknown第六句:emperor 后加 that/who第七句:andbut第八句:immediateimmediately第九句:evernever第十句:hidinghidden第十一句:everyoneanyone;去掉 be谢谢 观 看