1、课时素养检测 十九Unit 5Period 3. 阅读理解AWhat kinds of rooms are your favorite spots for studying? We are going to guess that they are probably not painted bright red or yellow. But maybe they should be. Imagine. You are suddenly asked to prepare for an exam. You have two rooms to choose from. One is a pale bl
2、ue, and the other is a bright red. Which one do you settle into for study? Is one going to get your brain fired up for learning, or let you relax into the best state of concentration? According to researchers at Curtin University in Australia, it might be best to camp out in the bright red room when
3、 you are looking to store information. It might sound strange, since we often think of pale rooms soft blues or light greens are relaxing. And they seem to be: The Curtin University study showed that pale colors made participants feel more relaxed and calm, while bright colors increased heart rate.
4、But calming and relaxing, it turns out, may not always be the best environment for deep concentration or knowledge gaining. Reading comprehension was much better in the bright rooms than in the pale rooms. Although participants reported that they generally preferred the pale rooms to study in as an
5、approach to relax into work, the researchers saw just the opposite that the bright-colored rooms seemed to lead to greater concentration. While this might seem only surprising, the findings get into a rather controversial (有争议的) area of psychological study. The Yerkes-Dodson Law says that a little b
6、it of stress is good for achieving best performance, while too much stress negatively affects it. The higher heart rate and the reports of the bright colors creating a heavy atmosphere might just suggest that a little stress was good for the brain. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了研究人员发现色彩艳丽的房间更能让人集中注意力, 从而提高学习成绩
7、。1. What is the common idea mentioned in the first paragraph? A. Pale colors appeal to all tastes. B. Few people like bright red or yellow. C. Light-colored rooms make you feel nervous. D. Bright-colored rooms are not good for studying. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“What kinds of rooms are your favorite spot
8、s for studying? We are going to guess that they are probably not painted bright red or yellow. ”可知, 你最喜欢的学习地点是什么类型的房间? 我们通常认为它们可能不是鲜红色或黄色的, 由此可知, 人们普遍认为色彩艳丽的房间不适合学习, 故D项正确。2. What might directly affect the research results according to Para. 2? A. How participants react to colors. B. Participants pr
9、eferences in colors. C. What participants read in the rooms. D. Time participants spent in the rooms. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Although participants reported that they generally preferred the pale rooms to study in as an approach to relax into work, the researchers saw just the opposite that the bright-
10、colored rooms seemed to lead to greater concentration. ”可知, 尽管参与者表示他们通常更喜欢在浅色的房间里学习, 以此更放松地学习或工作, 但研究人员发现色彩艳丽的房间似乎能让人更集中注意力, 由此可知, 直接影响研究结果的是参与者对颜色的反应, 故A项正确。3. What can be concluded from the study by Curtin University? A. Higher stress leads to better performance. B. Most people know how to make us
11、e of colors. C. Stress is necessary when you want to concentrate. D. Being relaxed is very important for people studying. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The Yerkes-Dodson Law says that a little bit of stress is good for achieving best performance”可知, 多德森定律说, 一点点压力对取得好成绩是有好处的, 由此可知, 从科廷大学的研究中我们可以得出结论: 当你想集中注意力
12、时, 压力是必要的, 故C项正确。4. Whats the main idea of the text? A. Findings about peoples favorite room colors. B. Room colors can affect ones academic performance. C. Bright-colored rooms can create a heavy atmosphere. D. Light-colored rooms help people feel relaxed into work. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文介绍了研究人员发现
13、色彩艳丽的房间更能让人集中注意力, 从而提高学习成绩, 也就是说房间的颜色会影响一个人的学习成绩, 故B项正确。B Yawning(哈欠)sends out certain messages either “Oh, this movie is boring” or “I probably need to get some sleep”. But did you know that a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is so overheated? A new study, led by a research team o
14、f Princeton University, has indicated(表明)that yawning could be the brains natural way of regulating temperature. People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily. com. The resea
15、rch team did an experiment on 160 people, 80 in summer and 80 in winter, to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures. The study found that people yawned more often in winter than in summer. Scientists say that when the air temperature is lower than the body, there is heat exchange
16、 between the overheated brain and the cool air. But when the air temperature is higher than or equal to the body, people are less likely to yawn because the hot air they breathe in will make the brain even hotter. When people yawn, their jaw is also stretched, which increases blood flow and may also
17、 help cool the brain. The study showed that the amount of someone yawned could be related to the amount of time they spent outside. The longer they spent outside in summer, the less they yawn. Nearly 40 percent of participants yawned within their first five minutes outside, but after that the percen
18、tage was reduced to less than 10 percent. However, the result was the opposite in winter. The number of people who yawned increased when they spent more than five minutes outdoors. But the change was only slight compared to summertime. According to Gallup, this is the first report to show that yawni
19、ng frequencies(频率) change depending on season. This could help us to better understand the way our brains work. It may also help us understand the reason why frequent yawning can sometimes be a sign of brain disease. 【语篇概述】文章介绍了一项研究结果, 人们多长时间打一次哈欠, 研究表明, 当外面的温度比身体的温度低的时候, 人们就会打哈欠。打哈欠可以让人的大脑冷静下来。5. T
20、he purpose of the experiment is _. A. to prove people yawn in winter and in summer equallyB. to indicate brain can regulate temperature naturallyC. to find the frequency of peoples yawningD. to show the real reason why people yawn【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第三段的句子: The research team did an experiment on 160 peopl
21、e, 80 in summer and 80 in winter, to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures. 可知这项研究的目的是看人们多长时间打一次哈欠, 选C。6. According to the text, people yawn more often _. A. when the air temperature is lower outside the bodyB. when the hot air breathed in makes the brain hotterC. when the air
22、temperature is higher than the bodyD. when the air temperature is equal to the body【解析】选A。细节理解题。从第二段的句子: People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily. com. 可知当外面的温度比身体的温度低的时
23、候, 人们就会打哈欠。选A。7. What could be the best title for the text? A. Yawning is a Sign of Brain Disease. B. Yawning Carries Some Information. C. Yawning Benefits Your Body. D. Yawning Cools Your Brain. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。从第一段的句子: But did you know that a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is over
24、heated? 可知打哈欠可以让人的大脑冷静下来。选D。. 完形填空Five years ago, at the age of 66, I started running. I was not a natural athlete. I wanted to lose weight and it seemed that running was a(n)1 way. At first it was very hard I was mainly walking more than running when I startedbut I didnt 2. When I started training
25、running, I was just trying to build up stamina (耐力), and just the idea of even going three miles, even walking was a3. In the beginning, I just walked as much as I could and then as time went on, I 4began running. Later I kept on adding more and more running. I5 my coach Mario in my running club, an
26、d hed been running for over 30 years. He had a lot of knowledge and often sent various quotes to 6 and encourage me. Running the New York City Marathon for the first time was probably the greatest7 of my life. I was really prepared, 8 Mario. I learned a lot of life lessons during the preparation: To
27、 be a winner, you have to believe in yourself 9 nobody else will. When I crossed the finishing line, I was so excited. I remembered just getting to the 10 and realizing, “Oh my God, Im going to do this! ” I heard them say, “Welcome to the finishing line, ” and I thought, wow, I was actually going to
28、 11 this! I could never have12 myself doing the New York City Marathon, and here I am and I 13 it. I was a true example that its never too late to present yourself with a 14 image, as long as you have faith and allow that faith to 15 you. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了作者66岁开始练习跑步并参加马拉松比赛, 作者的切身经历证明了只要你有信念, 并让信
29、念指引你, 展现自己的新形象永远不会太迟。1. A. easyB. funny C. goodD. traditional【解析】选C。句意: 我想减肥, 跑步似乎是一个好方法。A. easy容易的; B. funny有趣的; C. good好的; D. traditional传统的。我认为跑步是一个减肥的好方法, 故C项正确。2. A. show upB. come backC. give upD. hold back【解析】选C。A. show up出现; B. come back回来; C. give up放弃; D. hold back阻止。根据空前的转折连词but可知, 虽然刚开始的
30、时候很难, 但我没有放弃, 故C项正确。3. A. chanceB. reasonC. weaknessD. challenge【解析】选D。句意: 只是想想走三英里都是一种挑战。A. chance机会; B. reason原因; C. weakness弱点; D. challenge挑战。刚开始练习跑步的时候很难, 只是想想走完三英里对我来说都是一种挑战, 故D项正确。4. A. hopefullyB. secretlyC. suddenlyD. gradually【解析】选D。句意: 一开始, 我只是尽我所能地走, 随着时间的推移, 我慢慢地开始跑步。A. hopefully有希望地; B
31、. secretly秘密地; C. suddenly突然; D. gradually逐渐。一开始, 我只是尽我所能地走, 走着走着, 慢慢地我就开始跑步了, 故D项正确。5. A. metB. supportedC. attendedD. considered【解析】选A。A. met遇到; B. supported支持; C. attended参加; D. considered考虑。根据空后的“my coach Mario in my running club”可知, 我在跑步俱乐部遇到了我的教练马里奥, 故A项正确。6. A. warB. inspireC. entertainD. con
32、fuse【解析】选B。句意: 他知识渊博, 经常用各种各样的名言来鼓舞和激励我。A. war对抗; B. inspire鼓舞, 激励; C. entertain使欢乐; D. confuse使困惑。根据空后的“and encourage me”可知, 设空处与encourage并列, inspire符合语境, 故B项正确。7. A. adventureB. experienceC. honorD. opportunity【解析】选B。句意: 第一次参加纽约马拉松比赛可能是我一生中最棒的一次经历。A. adventure冒险; B. experience经历; C. honor荣耀; D. op
33、portunity机会。参加马拉松比赛是一种经历, 故B项正确。8. A. thanks toB. out ofC. apart fromD. except for【解析】选A。句意: 多亏了马里奥, 我准备得很充分。A. thanks to多亏了; B. out of出于; C. apart from除之外; D. except for除了。马里奥是我的教练, 多亏了他, 我才能准备得充分, 故A项正确。9. A. whenB. whatC. unlessD. which【解析】选A。A. when当的时候; B. what什么; C. unless除非; D. which哪一个。你必须在别
34、人都不相信你的时候相信自己, 这样才能成功, 故A项正确。10. A. topB. siteC. endD. point【解析】选C。句意: 我记得跑完比赛到达终点那一刻我意识到, “天哪, 我做到了! ”A. top顶点; B. site地点; C. end终点, 结束; D. point要点。根据空前的“When I crossed the finishing line”可知, 我跑完比赛到达终点了, 故C项正确。11. A. listen toB. get throughC. hang onD. take over【解析】选B。句意: 当我听到他们说“欢迎来到终点线”时, 我想, 哇,
35、我确实完成比赛了! A. listen to倾听; B. get through完成, 通过; C. hang on坚持下去; D. take over接管。他们说“欢迎来到终点线”, 这表明我完成比赛了, 故B项正确。12. A. controlledB. expressedC. imaginedD. noticed【解析】选C。句意: 我从来没有想过我会参加纽约马拉松比赛, 但现在我做到了。A. controlled控制; B. expressed表达; C. imagined想象; D. noticed注意到。我66岁才开始跑步, 所以以前从未想过自己会参加马拉松比赛, 故C项正确。13
36、. A. triedB. earnedC. choseD. made【解析】选D。make it表示“成功做成某事”, 故D项正确。14. A. rightB. newC. powerfulD. hopeful【解析】选B。A. right正确的; B. new新的; C. powerful有力量的; D. hopeful有希望的。我66岁开始练习跑步并参加马拉松比赛, 我的切身经历证明了展现自己的新形象永远不会太迟, 故B项正确。15. A. directB. graspC. selectD. represent【解析】选A。A. direct指引; B. grasp抓住; C. selec
37、t挑选; D. represent代表。只要你有信念, 并让信念指引你, 展现自己的新形象永远不会太迟, 故A项正确。. 语法填空I was always a runner and in pretty good shape for most of my life so far. Then I lost my job and each day I just couldnt get myself out there 1(run). I put on weight, 2 just made me feel worse about 3(I). I finally run again but its m
38、uch 4(hard)than it used to be. I went out for 5 run the other day and I almost convinced myself to give up when I 6(hear)someone say “You can do it! Its hard, but you can do it! ” There was a lady 7(walk)the other way and had the biggest smile 8 her face. Those words of 9(encourage)came at a time wh
39、en I was ready to give up. I finished my run and now every time I feel like giving up I hear her in my head and it gives me motivation. Ive never seen her again, so Ive never been able to thank her and let her know the effect of a few simple words from a 10(strange) had (and still have)on me. 【语篇概述】
40、文章主要讲述了作者在失业后不再跑步, 等他意识到身体越来越糟糕后开始跑步, 但他发现比以前困难得多, 想要放弃的时候, 一位陌生人简单的话语给了他很大的鼓励。1. 【解析】to run。考查动词不定式。句意: 我失业后不再出去跑步。动词不定式表目的, 故填to run。2. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。“put on weight”作为先行词, 关系词which引导非限制性定语从句, 在从句中作主语。故填which。3. 【解析】myself。考查反身代词。句意: 体重增加后我自己感觉非常糟糕。根据题意, 应填反身代词myself。4. 【解析】harder。考查形容词比较级。句意: 我
41、再次开始跑步, 但比以前难多了。根据句意以及“than”可知前后比较, 应填形容词的比较级。故填harder。5. 【解析】a。考查不定冠词。句意: 前几天我出去跑步。run跑步, 可数名词。for a run跑步。6. 【解析】heard。考查动词时态。句意: 前几天我出去跑步, 我几乎要说服自己放弃的时候突然听到有人说“你能做到! 很难, 但你能做到! ”。故事描述的是过去发生的事情, 应使用一般过去时, 故填heard。7. 【解析】walking。考查非谓语动词。句意: 有一位女士走在另一条路上, 脸上带着最灿烂的笑容。现在分词作定语, 修饰lady。与lady属于主动关系。故填wal
42、king。8. 【解析】on。考查介词。have a smile on ones face. 面带微笑。故填介词on。9. 【解析】encouragement。考查名词。句意: 那些鼓励的话是在我准备放弃的时候出现的。介词of后需加名词, 故填encouragement。10. 【解析】stranger。考查名词。句意: 我再没见过她, 所以没法感谢她, 没法让她知道来自于一个陌生人的简单话语对我有很大的影响。stranger陌生人。语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Start with the end and work backwards. When
43、Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there werent any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization 1. he would have to determine “whats next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bac
44、helor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something 2. _(happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter. Jason set up a plan that in five years he 3. _(show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal g
45、ave him a starting point 4. which to work backwards. By setting the goal, all of Jasons efforts 5. _(point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make 6. _(he) familiar with the market environment. As a result of showing up, Jason took
46、 opportunities 7. got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. 8. _(inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work. In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. Although scared to death, he looked
47、confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the Rule Gallery roster (花名册). He had his first 9. _(exhibit) there one year later. Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was h
48、ot, and in 10. _(do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half. 【语篇概述】本文属于记叙文, 介绍了Jason Hoelscher为自己设定了一个五年目标, 经过不断努力, 最终用一年半就实现了。1. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。句意: 他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知, he would have to determine “whats next” on his own为限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词ambition and the timel
49、y realization, 从句缺乏have 的宾语, 故用关系代词that或者which。2. 【解析】to happen。考查非谓语动词。句意: 他面临着坐着等待事情的发生, 或者去探索未知的路的选择。分析句子可知, happen作后置定语, 修饰something, 故用不定式to happen。3. 【解析】would show。考查动词时态和语态。句意: 他给自己设定了一个目标, 用五年的时间, 他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知, 本句缺乏谓语, show与he为主谓关系, 故用主动语态, 由于陈述过去的计划和打算, 故用过去将来时, 综述用would sh
50、ow。4. 【解析】from。考查介词。句意: 这个五年时间的目标给了他一个起点, 他可以从这个起点反向努力。分析句子可知, _which to work backwards为定语从句结构, 修饰先行词starting point, 从句缺乏介词, 根据先行词, 故用介词from。5. 【解析】pointed。考查动词时态和语态。句意: 通过设定目标, 他的所有努力能向着同一个方向。分析句子可知, 本句缺乏谓语, point与主语efforts为主谓关系, 故用主动语态, 陈述过去事情, 故用一般过去时pointed。6. 【解析】himself。考查反身代词。句意: 他会出现在各个艺术展览开
51、幕式, 尽可能做研究来让自己熟悉市场环境。分析句子可知, 本句缺乏宾语, 由于主语为he, 宾语与主语为同一人称, 故宾语用反身代词himself。7. 【解析】and。考查连词。句意: 由于经常露面, 他抓住所有机会, 朝着自己的目标不断前进。分析句子可知, took opportunities和got him closer都是句子谓语, 为并列关系, 故用并列连词and。8. 【解析】Inspired。考查非谓语动词。句意: 深受鼓舞, 他花了一个月时间来创作新的作品。分析句子可知, inspire作状语修饰Jason, 与其属于动宾关系, 故用过去分词形式Inspired。9. 【解析】exhibition。考查词性转换。作动词的宾语, 应当用名词。10. 【解析】doing。考查非谓语动词。句意: 他趁热打铁, 通过这样做, 把五年的目标用一年半的时间就实现了。in为介词, 后接动词-ing形式, 故用doing。
