1、阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Having a great teacher can be lifechanging. Mr. Goodney, my 9th grade Advanced English teacher, pushed me in ways I hadnt been pushed in the classroom previously. He didnt grade me compared to my classmates;he graded us on a personal grading scale. Mr. Goodne
2、y encouraged me but I just couldnt seem to please Mr. Goodney, no matter how hard I worked.I continued to see the dreaded Bs, sometimes even a C, so frequently that I said goodbye to my hopes of being a middle student. I was a really diligent nerd(令人厌烦的人). Yet at the end of the semester when report
3、cards came out, I had an “A” next to my English class, and I realized that the letter he had written on my report card was just a way to make me work harder than I ever had.He made me push myself to think deeper, write better, and analyze more thoroughly. He didnt hate me as I initially thought, and
4、 I looked back embarrassed about all those times when I showed frustration and dissatisfaction with a returned grade. He would write a positive comment on one of my papers that would invigorate_me to work even harder even if I made a little bit progress. These sporadic (零星的) good words would motivat
5、e me to do whatever it took to earn those praising comments on my next paper and push me to try and top my last assignment. After we all improved he expected perfection and those high standards made all of us better writers, creators, good students, and useful people. Mr. Goodney inspired me to beco
6、me an English teacher although I felt like I fell below his standards in a classroom. Now I have become a high school teacher. Thinking of him from time to time makes me try to come up with fresh and creative teaching ways just as he did.From my experience I believe a good teacher is very important.
7、 Mr. Goodney inspires me to this day, and I wish I could travel back to the 9th grade for just one day in the old classroom, so I can fully thank him, which I didnt do at that time. 1. According to the passage, Mr. Goodney graded the author_. Ain order to encourage himBaccording to his real marks Cc
8、ompared to his classmatesDas most teachers usually do 2. What do we know about the author from the passage? A. He only did well in English and often got praises. BHe didnt study his lessons hard enough. CHe got good marks on one of his report cards. DHe had confidence in becoming a top student. 3. T
9、he underlined words “invigorate me” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by_. Atake pity on meBencourage meCplay tricks on meDoffer me help 4After getting a positive comment, the author_. Atried to do better next time Bthought his teacher liked him best Cthanked his teacher immediatelyDfelt proud of him t
10、oo much解题导语一个好的老师可以改变一个人的命运。作者永远不会忘记自己在九年级时的英语老师。在他的鼓励和帮助下,作者终于成为了有用之才。1. 解析:选A。细节理解题。从文章第一段中的. he graded us on a personal grading scale和第二段中的Mr. Goodney encouraged me. 可知,这位老师在教育孩子方面的不同, 他是按学生的个人情况给打分,借此来鼓励孩子。2解析:选C。细节理解题。由文章第三段中的Yet at the end of the semester when report cards came out, I had an “
11、A” next to my English class. 可知,作者在他的其中一张成绩单上得到了好的成绩。3. 解析:选B。词义猜测题。根据句中提到的a positive comment.及下文的.work even harder.可推断,invigorate意为“鼓励”,故正确选项为B。4. 解析:选A。细节理解题。从文章第四段中的These sporadic(零星的) good words would motivate me to do whatever it took to.push me to try and top my last assignment. 可知,老师的这些鼓励激励了作
12、者,使他更加努力地去争取在下一次做得更好,更完美。【2013界广东省湛江市二模】阅读理解The United States is faced with serious traffic problems. Too many cars travel on the freeways to and from the city. This heavy traffic causes delays and lots of pollution from cars that are using their engines but not moving anywhere. Many cars going nowh
13、ere is called a “traffic jam.”While many cities in the United States have traffic problems, some of the worst are in Los Angeles, California. Los Angeles is a big city with a large downtown area. One of the reasons why there is so much traffic is that few people use public transportation to get arou
14、ndExperts say one possible solution to the traffic problem in Los Angeles would be to makepeople want to use the public transportation system of buses instead of their own cars. People say the buses should be made easier, faster, less costly and more dependable than driving a car.One suggestion is t
15、o reduce the cost of riding the bus. People who usually drive their cars could save a lot of money on gas and parking costs. Also, Los Angeles could make the buses easier for people to use. The buses could travel to more places in the city. And there could be more special lanes on the freeways that
16、only buses could drive in. These changes would make taking the bus faster and easier than driving a car.Other experts have said that the best way to ease traffic problems is to charge people money to drive on the freeways. These charges, or tolls, would be for the most crowded roads. The tolls would
17、 be in effect during the times of day when most people drive to work and home again. These times in the morning and late afternoon are called “rush hour”. People would try to avoid driving on these roads, which would decrease the amount of traffic. Also ,the money collected from these tolls could be
18、 used to improve the roads and public transportation system.36.The passage mainly discusses _.A.different means of transportation of the United StatesB.possible solutions to solving American traffic problemsC.causes of the serious traffic problems in AmericaD.some new laws about American public tran
19、sportation【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文的内容可知美国针对交通拥挤应该采取的措施,故选B。37.Which is NOT the effect caused by the heavy traffic?A.Too many private cars.B. Time wasting.C.Serious air pollution.D. Traffic jams.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据This heavy traffic causes delays and lots of pollution from cars 及Many cars going nowhere is c
20、alled a “traffic jam.”交通拥挤可以引起在路上耽误太多的时间、空气污染及交通堵塞等,交通拥挤不能引起私家车的增多,故选A。38.The reason why Los Angeles has some of the worst traffic problems is that _.A.there is a lack of public transportationB.the city is big with a large populationC.most people like to get around by carD.many people like to travel
21、 there for shopping【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据One of the reasons why there is so much traffic is that few people use public transportation to get around洛杉矶的人有交通拥挤的问题其中的原因是很少的人愿意乘坐公交车出门而是开着自家车出门,故选C。 39.One of the ways the experts suggest is that _.A.people should avoid driving to work and homeB.more roads sho
22、uld be built for the increasing private carsC.people should be charged on the most crowded roads during rush hourD.more special lanes on the freeways should be marked out for private cars【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据These charges, or tolls, would be for the most crowded roads. These times in the morning and lat
23、e afternoon are called “rush hour”.专家建议在上下班高峰期的繁忙的路段进行收费是控制私家车数量的方法之一,故选C。40.According to the passage, if the solutions were carried out, _A.more cars would be reduced and more roads would be builtB.it would be easier but slower to take buses than to drive carsC.many people would prefer to walk arou
24、nd rather than drive carsD.the roads and public transportation system would be greatly improved【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据the money collected from these tolls could be used to improve the roads and public transportation system.如果这些解决措施被实施的话,公路和交通制度会大大地改善,故选D。Passage Seventeen (A Strong Stock Market) The incre
25、ase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the publicactually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignifiedbut rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinning
26、s that existed in the market. Naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon prices but if the FRB had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might have been to the 80% or even 90% level. Such an increases in the margin rate is a confirmation of a strong stock market an
27、d since 19,such increases have resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guidelineand if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same coursecontinued optimism over th
28、e outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism. The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous yearand the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was con
29、centrated in the blue chips for the most part. In past Investment Letters we have voiced the thought that speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point. We continue to believe that this could be the case. For example, steel stocks tend to sell at certain fixed price/earnings
30、ratios. Below a certain ratio they are considered good valueabove a certain ratio, overpriced. If a company produces a unique product it is far more difficult for market analysis to place a numerical ratio upon the companys earnings. We have also contended in the past Letters that the stock market r
31、eflects mass psychology as well as the business outlook. When investorsboth the public and the institutionsare nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buy stocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields. These same investorswhen they are in an optimistic frame of mindbecom
32、e for less preoccupied with yields and more wiling to pay a premium(high p/e multiples) for accelerated growth. If the publics attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then this period seems to have been one of optimism.1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is A. A Tim
33、e to Sell Stock. . A Strong Stock MarketC. Raising the Margin Rate C. Price/earnings Ratio in Steel2. When investors are pessimistic what do they do?A. They look to the FRB for help. . They buy steelC. They buy automobile stocks. D. They look for high yields.3. Why does the writer believe that speci
34、ality stocks could outperform the general market?A. Because analysis have difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio. Because the activity had been limited to blue chips.C. Because the rise was conservative.D. Because of the FRB action.4. When investors are optimistic, what do they do?
35、A. They look for accelerated growth. . They buy speciality stocks.C. They look for high yields. C. They are more prudent.Vocabulary1. margin rate 保证金率,边际比率2. rampant 无约束力,猖獗的,蔓延的3. stem 遏制4. stem from 滋长,源自5. underpin 加强基础,支持6. underpinning 支持物,基础(建筑物下的)7. preoccupy 先占,使专心于,吸引住8. undue 过分的,非法的,不适当的9
36、. interim 间歇;暂时的,间歇的10. guideline 方针,指导路线11. underscore 在下面划线,强调12. point up 加强,强调13. bluechip 兰筹股票14. blue-chip 兰筹的15. outperform 在使用上胜过16. overprice 将标价过高17. numerical ratio 数率,数字比率18. earnings 收益,利润,收入19. contend 竞争,坚决主张,争论20. premium 佣金,酬金难句译注1. The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% wa
37、s not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the publicactually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignifiedbut rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market.结构简析 是notbut
38、句型,两个破折号中间是插入成分;中插入一个带with+N+participle 短语参考译文 保证金率从50%增长到70%,并不是想要遏制群众方面猖獗的投机,而是联邦储备委员会想要保持现存于股市强劲基础事实上股市由于群众非常庄严的参与在技术上看起来相当强劲。2. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guidelineand if business and corporate earnings were to continue on
39、 the same coursecontinued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism.结构简析 复合句。中间有插入语if clause, 进一步说明条件。参考译文 显然,不可能保证这种情况再次出现(情况再是这样)。可是,如果历史具有指导方针的话如果商业和公司的利润仍然保持在同样轨道上那么对股市前景乐观似乎要比悲观更精确些。3. The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjo
40、yed for the previous yearand the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part.结构简析 这句句子内有四个that clause:第一个that是good rise的定语从句。第二个和第三个that都是the fact that句型。但第二个the fact t
41、hat中,as long as it was, 指头一年,pointed up是谓语。第四个是in that连词,义:因为。写作方法与文章大意 文章论述“强劲证券市场”的种种情况。首先是联邦储备委员会为保持强股市基础要求保证金率增长。这种增长过去,现在,将来都能巩固强市。其次由于绝大部分集中在兰筹股上,使股市看好上升趋于保守,引出行业股比普通股吃香。最后是投资者心情和股市强弱有关。答案祥解1. B. 强劲证券市场(强市)。见难句译注1和第一段第三句:“那种保证金率的增长有力的巩固了强劲证券市场。从19年起,这种增长导致一年来股市屡创新高。A. 买出股票的时候。 C. 提高保证金率。 D. 钢的
42、市盈率。这三项都不对,它们只是文中涉及的方面。2. D. 他寻找高业绩(即公司的产量或投资收益)。见文章倒数第三句:“当投资者公众和团体机构紧张而又悲观时,他们肯定在买进股票上举棋不定;他们寻求低价格/利润倍数和高额利润。A. 他们寻求联邦储备委员会的帮助。 B. 他们买进钢材。 C. 他们买进汽车股票。3. A. 因为在决定定价/利润比上难以分析。见第二段第二句:“在过去的投资保证上我们一直表达了这样的思想:行业股票在使用上可能超过普通股。我们依然相信情况可能就是这样。举例说:钢股往往在一定价格/利润比上抛出。低于一定比率,可认为股是好价值,而高于一定比率就是超价。如果一个公司就生产独一无二的产品,那市场分析就很难对公司所得定出数比。“B. 因为股市活动受兰筹股所限。 C. 因为行情上升保守。这两项见难句译注3。 D. 由于联邦储备基金会的行动。4. A. 他们寻求加速的增长。见文章倒数第二句:“同样是这些股民,当投资者(对股市前景)持乐观态度时,他们不太关注(公司的)业绩(产值)而愿意以高价来购买具有高成长性的股票。”