1、Unit 2 Looking into the Future单元加餐练.阅读理解Let us all raise a glass to AlphaGo and the advance of artificial intelligence. AlphaGo, DeepMinds Goplaying AI，just defeated the best Goplaying human，Lee Sedol. But as we drink to its success, we should also begin trying to understand what it means for the fu
2、ture.The number of possible moves in a game of Go is so huge that, in order to win against a player like Lee, AlphaGo was designed to adopt a humanlike style of gameplay by using a relatively recent developmentdeep learning. Deep learning uses large data sets，“machine learning”algorithms (计算程序) and
3、deep neural networks to teach the AI how to perform a particular set of tasks. Rather than programming complex Go rules and strategies into AlphaGo，DeepMind designers taught AlphaGo to play the game by feeding it data based on typical Go moves. Then，AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning
4、 from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.Deep learning represents a shift in the relationship humans have with their technological creations. It results in AI that displays surprising and unpredictable behaviour. Commenting after his first loss，Le
5、e described being shocked by an unconventional move he claimed no human would ever have made. Demis Hassabis, one of DeepMinds founders，echoed this comment：“Were very pleased that AlphaGo played some quite surprising and beautiful moves. ”Unpredictability and surprises areor can bea good thing. They
6、 can indicate that a system is working well，perhaps better than the humans that came before it. Such is the case with AlphaGo. However，unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control. That Hassabis is surprised at his creations behaviour suggests a lack of control in the design. And though s
7、ome loss of control might be fine in the context of a game such as Go，it raises urgent questions elsewhere.How much and what kind of control should we give up to AI machines? How should we design appropriate human control into AI that requires us to give up some of that very control? Is there some A
8、I that we should just not develop if it means any loss of human control? How much of a say should corporations，governments，experts or citizens have in these matters? These important questions, and many others like them，have emerged in response，but remain unanswered. They require human，not humanlike，
9、solutions.So as we drink to the milestone in AI, lets also drink to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。这篇文章作者结合人工智能AlphaGo战胜韩国棋手李世石的围棋比赛展开，阐述了AI的运作原理以及作者的思考。1What contributes most to the unconventional move of AlphaGo in the
10、 game?AThe capability of selfimprovement. BThe constant input of large data sets.CThe installation of deep neutral networks. DThe knowledge of Go rules and strategies.答案：A解析：推理判断题。答案定位在第二段Then，AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over ti
11、me. The results speak for themselves.可知，AI的学习过程是通过不断和自己比赛，吸取经验获得自我提高，故选A。2A potential danger of AI is _.Athe loss of human control Bthe friendly relationshipCthe fierce competition Dthe lack of challenge答案：A解析：细节理解题。答案定位在第四段However，unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control.可知，不可预测性也表明失
12、去了人类的控制，故选A。3How should we deal with the unpredictability of AI?AWe should stop AI machines from developing even further.BWe should call on the government to solve these problems for us.CWe should rely on ourselves and come up with effective solutions.DWe should invent even more intelligent machines
13、 to solve everything.答案：C解析：推理判断题。答案定位在第五段They require human，not humanlike，solutions.可知，他们需要人类，只有人类自己努力才最可能找出解决方案，故选C。4Whats the authors attitude towards this remarkable advance in AI?ASupportive.BOptimistic.CDoubtful.DCautious.答案：D解析：推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段So as we drink to the milestone in AI, lets also d
14、rink to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.可知作者认为当我们为人工智能的里程碑干杯时，也要知道现在是深入回答关于深度学习和人工智能的时候了。因此推断作者对于AI的先进性持谨慎态度，让时间来证明这一切。A.Supportive支持的；B.Optimistic乐观的；C.Doubtful可疑的；D.Cautious谨慎的，故选D。.七选五Live Every Day Like Its a HolidayWe feel great
15、 on holiday because we let go of everyday stresses and strains. _1_ So whether or not youre going away this summer, theres plenty you can do to make sure you benefit from that holiday feeling.Sleep like a holidaymakerSleep like a baby when youre on your holidays but stay awake when youre in your usu
16、al routine? _2_ To reset your sleep pattern, avoid bringing problems to bed. That includes your phone, TV or laptop. Make sure the room is dark and cool. Aim for at least seven hours ZZZsjust as you would on holiday.Get moving_3_ A walk will release happy hormones, and eases anxiety and mild depress
17、ion. Given that exercise is cheap, healthy and reduces stress, it makes absolute sense to build it into your day. Start with just 15 minutes of exercise a day._4_Part of the joy of going away is lingering over delicious food with families. Take up the holiday habit of sitting down as a family for at
18、 least one meal a day. Families who eat together experience less anxiety, less depression and less obesity, research has found.Be a tourist in your own cityPart of the thrill of a holiday is the novelty of discovering a new place and doing new things. _5_ At weekends, check out a new music venue, vi
19、sit a different museum or have a drink in that interestinglooking pub youre always walking past. It will get you out of routine and make you feel alive. A bit like a holiday, really.AMake your meals a celebration.BCarve out some dedicated quiet time.CIf so, you might need to examine your sleep habit
20、s.DJust make sure you schedule it into your day or week.EBut its also easy to be a holidaymaker in the place you live.FResearch has even shown that vacations help health and wellbeing.GWhen youre travelling, you walk around new cities without a second thought.本文在几个方面给读者提出了几条建议，建议人们为自己营造假期氛围，享受生活。1F解
21、析：由标题和第一句可知，由于摆脱了每天的压力和紧张，假期给我们的感觉很好。研究甚至表明，假期有助于健康和幸福。该句与上一句构成递进关系，故选项F符合语境。2C解析：本段第一句为设问句，“当你在度假的时候睡得像个婴儿一样，但当你在你的日常生活中保持清醒？”因此该空作为答语，如果是这样，你可能需要检查你的睡眠习惯。故选C。3G解析：根据本段的标题和本段其他几句可知散步有很多好处，作者建议人们多运动。又根据下一句提及的“that exercise”，可知与选项G中“walk around new cities”有呼应关系，故选G。4A解析：本句为标题句。根据本段段意可知，为了减少焦虑、抑郁和肥胖，要
22、养成和家人一起坐下来，每天至少吃一顿饭的假日习惯。故“让吃饭成为一种庆祝活动”符合题意，故选A。5E解析：根据本段标题句：在自己的城市做一名游客。由上下文逻辑可知，本句与上一句构成转折关系，进入正题，选项E中to be a holidaymaker in the place you live与主题呼应，故选E。.完形填空As a child I once read an article about the Pacific Crest Trail (太平洋屋脊步道) in National Geographic. It was a _1_of two men who walked 2,650 m
23、iles from Mexico to Canada with huge packs. It caught my eye, as I, too, _2_adventures in the wilderness. Ive always remembered that story, but never believed I would actually _3_ it. It was too far out of my comfort zone. But then, at the age of 42, I hiked the 88 Temples Trail through Japan. There
24、, I experienced how _4_ it could be to hike alone. What _5_ me most were the fantastic mountains, grand temples and generous local people. And _6_， I managed to complete the trail in six weeks without any severe injuries. For the first time, I _7_ that I could achieve my dream of travelling around A
25、merica one day. When I shared my plan with friends and colleagues, the news was welcomed with _8_reactions. From some I got enthusiastic _9_. But from others there were frowns and question marks. Half a year away from my family was a _10_ for me. Yet it wouldnt defeat me. After all, six months is _1
26、1_ a short period in a lifetime. After having worked hard for 20 years in shiny office buildings, I felt the need for more _12_ in my life. I hoped to _13_ and look within, as well as explore the unfamiliar things. I understood that I needed them both. _14_ John Muir once put it, “Keep close to _15_
27、.and climb a mountain or spend a week in the woods. Wash your spirit clean.” 本文写了作者从小的梦想是野外探险，工作了二十多年之后，决定放慢生活的速度去看一些不熟悉的东西。1A.newsBreportCstoryDphoto答案：C解析：考查名词及句意理解。A.news新闻； Breport 报告；C.story故事；D.photo照片。根据句意我曾经读过的一本书，可知应该是个故事。所以选C。 2A.knew of Bdreamed of Cheard about Dworried about答案：B解析：考查短语及句
28、意理解。A.knew of 了解；B.dreamed of梦想； Cheard about 听说；D.worried about焦急。我也梦想着野外探险。所以选B。3A.make Bignore CappreciateDreject答案：A解析：考查动词及句意理解。A.make 做； Bignore 忽视；C.appreciate 欣赏；D.reject拒绝。我从来不相信我能做成。所以选A。4A.dull Bdifficult CattractiveDcrazy答案：C解析：考查形容词及句意理解。A.dull 无聊的；B.difficult困难的； Cattractive具有吸引力的； Dcr
29、azy疯狂的。我体会到独自徒步旅行是多么吸引人。所以选C。 5A.confused Bshocked CaffectedDimpressed答案：D解析：考查动词及句意理解。A.confused使迷惑； Bshocked 使惊讶；C.affected影响； Dimpressed给留下深刻印象。给我印象最深的是奇异的山峰。所以选D。 6A.to my regret Bto my surprise Cto my sadnessDto my disappointment答案：B解析：考查介词短语及句意理解。A.to my regret 令我后悔的是；B.to my surprise 令我惊讶的是；C
30、.to my sadness 令我难过的是；D.to my disappointment令我失望的是。令我惊讶的是，我在六周内完成了全程，没有任何严重的伤病。所以选B。7A.denied Bpretended CrealizedDpromised答案：C解析：考查动词及句意理解。A.denied拒绝； Bpretended假装； Crealized 意识到；D.promised承诺。我第一次意识到我能够实现我的梦想。所以选C。8A.mixed Bpositive CdoubtfulDstrange答案：A解析：考查形容词及句意理解。A.mixed混合的； Bpositive 积极的；C.dou
31、btful怀疑的； Dstrange奇怪的。当我与朋友和同事分享我的计划时，他们对这个消息反应混杂不一。所以选A。 9A.promise Bassistance Cdevotion Dapproval答案：D解析：考查名词及句意理解。A.promise承诺； Bassistance帮助； Cdevotion 奉献；D.approval赞成，认可。我得到热情的认可。所以选D。 10A.relief Bchallenge CdelightDcomfort答案：B解析：考查名词及句意理解。A.relief释放，轻松； Bchallenge挑战； Cdelight高兴； Dcomfort安慰。离开家半
32、年对我来说是一种挑战。所以选B。 11A.finally Bhardly CquicklyDsimply答案：D解析：考查副词及句意理解。A.finally 最终；B.hardly几乎不； Cquickly 快速地；D.simply不过，仅仅。六个月仅仅是生命中非常短的一段时光。所以选D。 12A.adventure Bbravery Csafety Dknowledge答案：A解析：考查名词及句意理解。A.adventure 冒险；B.bravery 勇敢；C.safety安全； Dknowledge知识。二十多年的办公室工作之后，我觉得我的生活需要更多的冒险。所以选A。13A.speed
33、up Bstand by Cslow down Ddrop out答案：C解析：考查短语动词及句意理解。A.speed up 加速；B.stand by 支持；袖手旁观；C.slow down 减速；D.drop out退出。我希望放慢脚步 ，同时探索那些不熟悉的东西。所以选C。 14A.When BAs CIf DUnless答案：B解析：考查连词及句意理解。A.When 当的时候；B.As 正如；C.If如果； DUnless除非。正如约翰缪尔曾经说过的，“亲近自然爬山或者在树林里待上一个星期，把你的灵魂洗干净。”所以选B。 15A.forest Bdesert Cnature Dvall
34、ey答案：C解析：考查名词及句意理解。A.forest森林； Bdesert沙漠； Cnature自然； Dvalley山谷。正如约翰缪尔曾经说过的，“亲近自然爬山或者在树林里待上一个星期，把你的灵魂洗干净”。所以选C。.概要写作Over the past few years, there has been a big increase in the number of people sharing information online. In this article, we will learn about some positive factors for people to share
35、 information online.We often share information with our friends in the office or at home to educate, entertain or pleasantly surprise them. In this way we can connect with others. This is also true while sharing information online. If you look at the Facebook wall posts of your friends, you will rea
36、lize that most of their updates are usually famous quotes, entertaining videos, inspirational images, funny jokes, etc. 94% of those who responded to a survey by The New York Times said they put a lot of thought into how the content they are sharing will be beneficial to others.A lot of people share
37、 information online to represent their true self to the outside world. Some people, especially those who are shy and not comfortable talking about their areas of interest in the presence of others, find it extremely convenient to share that information online with likeminded individuals.78% of the r
38、espondents in the study of The New York Times said they shared information online because it helps them develop better relationships. Today, a lot of people do not have the time to meet each other in person and the Internet has become a great substitute. A lot of people now “meet” each other online,
39、 rather than in conventional places like restaurants and pubs.Lastly, when we share our thoughts online, we are actively engaging with the vast community of people who are a part of the World Wide Web. Sharing information will make a difference to the viewpoint of others, or add to their understandi
40、ng about the world.People_increasingly_share_information_online_for_several_positive_reasons.(要点1)_Most_people_hope_what_they_share_will_ benefit_others._(要点2)Some_people_show_their_true_self_by_sharing_information_online._( 要点3)_People_also_meet_each_other_online_to_keep_in_touch_with_friends_instead_of_traditional_ways.(要点4)_Quite_a_few_people_share_their_thoughts_online_hoping_to_influence_others_viewpoints_in_a_positive_way.(要点5)
