1、Section Grammar单元语法项目(一)过去分词语法图解探究发现At work,it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.Supported by his academic research,Professor Salovey suggests that.People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.Professor Mayer,recognised by ma
2、ny as a leading expert in.They also showed a better understanding of the disabledstudents feelings compared to students who.Accused of stealing money,the man was brought to court.You pretend to be interested.Seen at a distance,the picture looks more beautiful.When asked why he was late,he went red.我
3、的发现(1)以上句子中的过去分词或过去分词短语在句中分别作：句：；句、句：；句、句：；句、句、句、句：。(2)句中 hired,promoted 与宾语 you 之间为逻辑上的。(3)句、句中 mistaken 和 interested 为形容化的过去分词，表示主语所处的。(4)在过去分词作状语的句子中，过去分词分别作：句：；句：；句：。宾语补足语定语表语状语被动关系动宾关系(被动)状态原因状语条件状语时间状语一、过去分词的定义及基本形式1过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，表示完成或被动意义。2过去分词的基本形式：动词原形-ed，但也有不规则形式。否定形式：not
4、/never动词-ed 形式。二、过去分词的句法功能过去分词(短语)在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。1过去分词作定语作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，仅表完成。(1)单个过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词的后面。表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。The excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们冲进了大楼。Do you like to read the novels written by Guo Ji
5、ngming?你喜欢读郭敬明写的小说吗？名师点津 有些单个的过去分词，像 left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等，习惯上用作后置定语。He saved every penny,often eating food left.他节省每一分钱，常吃剩饭。(2)过去分词短语作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间为被动关系，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，其“被动”与“完成”的含义可以在从句中表现出来。The computer bought last week doesnt work now.The computer that was bought last
6、 week doesnt work now.上周买的那台电脑现在出故障了。Those chosen as team members must be here at 7 am tomorrow.Those who have been chosen as team members must be here at 7 am tomorrow.被挑选为队员的人必须明天早晨 7 点到这儿。即时演练 1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2019北京高考)Earth Day,(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness
7、 about environmental protection.(2019天津高考改编)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design)to help them succeed academically and personally.markeddesigned(2)句型转换A letter that was posted yesterday will reach her next week.A letter will reach her next week.The book given to him
8、 is an English novel.The book is an English novel.The frightened horse ran away from the fire.The horse ran away from the fire.posted yesterdaythat/which was given to himthat/which was frightened2过去分词作表语(1)过去分词作表语，除了可以用在系动词 be 之后，还可用于 get,become 等系动词后面，表示动作，一般不延续。Mary got divorced in 2018,and she ha
9、d been married to Tom for 8 years by then.玛丽在 2018 年离婚，那时她嫁给汤姆已有 8 年的时间了。(2)这种系表结构和被动结构相同。但过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作。The school gate is shut by an old man at 6 pm every day.每天下午 6 点由一位老人来关学校大门。(被动语态，表示动作)He feels relaxed as everything is settled.他感到很轻松因为一切都安排好了。(系表结构，过去分词作表语，表示状态)名师点津 过去分词
10、作表语时，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted,disappointed,discouraged,amused,astonished,interested,crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,married,puzzled 等。即时演练 2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying(connect)The nurse has b
11、een (marry)to Li Qian for two years.The news is interesting and Im (excite)about it.In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained (stick)abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.connectedmarriedexcitedstuck(2)完成句子我们是如此无聊以至于禁不住打起了哈欠。We we couldnt help yawning.吉姆为对老师所说的话感到羞愧。Jim what he said to his teacher
12、.3过去分词作宾语补足语(1)过去分词作宾语补足语既可表示被动，又可表示完成；宾语通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。When we got to school,we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看到门被锁上了。were so bored thatwas ashamed of(2)常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况：过去分词用于 feel,hear,notice,see,smell,observe 等感官动词后作宾补。He didnt notice his wallet stolen.他没有注意到他的钱包被偷了。过去分词用于 get,have,make,keep,
13、leave 等使役动词后作宾语补足语。They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色的。过去分词用于 with 复合结构作宾语补足语。With the task finished,he went home happily.任务完成后，他高兴地回家了。即时演练 3(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2018天津高考改编)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take)The outside sight looks beautifu
14、l with everything(cover)with snow.I had/got my bike (steal)last night.The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop)after great effort.takencoveredstolendeveloped(2)单句改错The old man had his foot injuring in the fall.The boy was crying with the toy break.On the way home I found my wallet
15、 missed.We covered him with only his face exposing.injuringinjuredbreakbrokenmissedmissingexposingexposed4过去分词作状语(1)过去分词作状语时，用来修饰谓语，说明动作发生的情况或背景。该分词短语相当于一个状语从句；过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。United,we stand;divided,we fall.(作条件状语)谚语团结则存，分裂则亡。Seriously injured,the soldier was taken to the hospital immed
16、iately.(作原因状语)由于伤势严重，这名战士被立即送往医院。The professor went into the lab,followed by his students.(作伴随状语)教授走进实验室，后面跟着他的学生。When heated,water can change into steam.(作时间状语)当加热时，水能变成蒸汽。Although exhausted after a long journey,she continued to work.(作让步状语)虽然长途旅行后很疲惫，但她仍旧继续工作。名师点津 状语从句改成过去分词作状语时，有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词
17、”结构作状语。(2)过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别。过去分词作状语同现在分词作状语一样，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语，但不同的是，过去分词与主语之间是被动关系，而现在分词与主语之间则是主动关系。Greatly frightened,the man ran into a back room.那人大吃一惊，跑进后面的一个房间里去了。Turning around,she saw her husband and calmed down.转过身来，她看到了丈夫，才镇静下来。即时演练 4(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2016北京高考改编)(order)over a week ago,the books
18、are expected to arrive any time now.(absorb)in painting,John didnt notice evening approaching.Little Tom sat (amaze)watching the monkey dancing in front of him.(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.OrderedAbsorbedamazedRaised(2)句型转换When the park is
19、 seen from the hill,the park looks more beautiful.,the park looks more beautiful.Though they were beaten by the opposite team,the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.,the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.Seen from the hillBeaten by the opposite team.用所给词的适当形式
20、填空1(shock)at the terrible working conditions,we decided to quit the job.2Have you noticed classical music usually (play)by TV commercials for luxury cars?3The buildings (destroy)in the earthquake are being rebuilt now.4The old man looked very pleased to see his apartment beautifully (decorate)Shocke
21、dplayeddestroyeddecorated5The car turned away,(head)for the countryside.6(recognize)as a man of many talents,the young man has a promising future.7Ways must be found to deal with the constant noise (cause)serious health problems.8We must have our windows (repair)before winter comes,or well freeze.9T
22、he flight (delay)by the storm is for Xiamen.10If (ask)to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.headingRecognizedcausingrepaireddelayedasked.语法与写作(改写句子)1Because she was born in this small but beautiful town,she hates to leave it at any time.(过去分词短语作原因状语)2If I am given this cha
23、nce,Ill make good use of it to serve our country.(过去分词作条件状语)Born in this small but beautiful town,she hates to leave it at any time.Given this chance,Ill make good use of it to serve our country.3Where is the soldier who was badly wounded in that fight being treated？(过去分词短语作后置定语)4I dare not drink th
24、e water in the river which was badly polluted.(过去分词作前置定语)Where is the soldier badly wounded in that fight being treated?I dare not drink the water in the badly polluted river.单句写作(完成句子)1It carries articles (由外国朋友写的)about the cultures of their home countries.2(如果你对这件事感兴趣),let me know and Ill send you
25、 more information.3(如果一直执行),it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.4(与比较起来)“controlled release”，“wild release”has its own advantages.5(2015广东高考满分作文)(为了解决这个问题),Id like to set up a rule that the whole class work in groups to give lessons once in a while.6(2014全国卷满分作
26、文)Where (关于工作),I am determined to become a film-maker.written by foreign friendsIf you are interested in itCarried out continuouslyCompared toTo get this problem solvedwork is concerned单元语法项目(二)情态动词表示推测语法图解探究发现I think my French tutor might know one of them.They might be sheltering in a cave.They mig
27、ht have fallen behind.He looks upset.He must be having some problems.You cant have failed the exam.I think the old woman must be a nice person.You are wet enough.You must have got caught in the rain.He cant be home now.He just left five minutes ago.Can he lose his key?10 He cant be playing basketbal
28、l.The teacher is talking to him about his homework.我的发现(1)must 表示非常有把握的推测，意为“”；must be/do是对_动作或状态的推测，如句；must be doing是对现在正在进行的动作的推测，如句_；must have done是对_情况的推测，如句。(2)may/might 表示有一定可能的推测，意为“可能，大概，也许”。may/might be/do是对现在动作或状态的推测，如句_；may/might be doing是对现在_的动作的推测，如句；may/might have done是对过去情况的推测，如句_。一定现
29、在过去正在进行(3)cant/couldnt 表示否定推测，意为“”。cant be/do是对现在动作或状态的推测，如句_；cant be doing是对现在正在进行的动作的推测，如句_；cant/couldnt have done是对_情况的推测，如句；can还可以用于疑问句，表示“可能”，如句_。不可能10过去一、情态动词表示肯定的推测肯定的推测一般用 must,should,may(might)或 could(不用can)，其中 must 的语气最强，意为“肯定，准是，想必是”；should 的语气次之，意为“很可能，应该”，指按常理推测；could,may(might)的语气最弱，意为
30、“也许，可能”。Someone must have been here last night.昨晚一定有人来过。即时演练 1 用适当的情态动词填空(2018北京高考改编)In todays information age,the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.This job be finished on time.canmustshould二、情态动词表示否定的推测1语气不很肯定时，常用 may not,
31、might not 或 could not，意为“可能不，也许不”。2否定语气较强时，则用 cant，意为“根本不可能，想必不会”，表示惊讶、怀疑的感情色彩。He cant be at home.他不可能在家。(很有把握)名师点津(1)could,might 表示推测时，并不表示过去时态，只表示委婉语气。(2)疑问句中的推测，往往用 can 或 could。Could I use your cellphone!Yes,you can.我可以用一下你的手机吗？是的，可以。即时演练 2 完成句子The meeting (不可能被推迟),for theres no time left.She (可能
32、不来)tomorrow,because she was ill.She (不可能错过)the good chance because she was looking for a job.can/could not be put offmight/may not comecouldnt have missed三、情态动词对不同时间情况的推测1“情态动词do”表示对现在或将来情况的推测。I dont know where she is;she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪儿，她有可能在武汉。2“情态动词bedoing”表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况的推测。At this mome
33、nt,our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这个时候，我们的老师想必正在批改我们的试卷。3“情态动词havedone”表示对过去情况的推测。The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地面是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。名师点津 含 must,may(might)的反意疑问句，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据它们后面的动词形式以及有无时间状语来确定。You must/may(might)be hungry now,arent you?你一定/可能(或许)饿了，对吗？You must have hea
34、rd about it,havent you?你一定听说过这事了，对吗？You must have watched the football match last night,didnt you?昨天晚上你一定看过足球赛了，对吗？即时演练 3 单句改错You neednt come here yesterday.He must be waiting for you,but Im not sure.(2014陕西高考改编)My book,The House of Hades,is missing.Who must have taken it？He has lived with her for a
35、 long time,so he might know her.It must have rained last night,hasnt it？neednt 后加 havemustmay/mightmustcouldmightmusthasntdidnt.单句语法填空1My wallet is gone.Where I put it?2You have the wrong number.There is no such person.3Its already ten.She promised to come by ten.She be here at any moment.4My dictio
36、nary has disappeared.Who could(take)it?canmustshouldhave taken5Its time for supper,but Im still studying in the school.Mother must (wait)for me to have dinner.6She may (fly)to Paris already.7Its work hours now;she be staying in the office.8She be here by now.9He have gone home,for I havent seen him
37、up to now.10She be a good mother but shes a terrible wife.be waitinghave flownmustshouldmustmight/may.用情态动词完成句子1Paris (或许是)a wonderful city but its not somewhere Id like to live.2The soccer team has been doing well this season,so they (应该赢得)the championship.3(我怎么能)help them understand when they wont
38、 listen to me?4Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure.I (可能去)to the concert instead.might beshouldwinHow can Imight go5Im sorry.I (不应该冲你喊)the other day.Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.6(2018天津高考改编)I cant find my purse.I (可能落在)it in the supermarket yesterday,but Im not sure.7When I fir
39、st got to Harvard,my awkward English brought me great trouble.Oh,dear,it (一定是)a struggle for you to keep up with other students.shouldnt have shouted at youcould have leftmust have been8Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You (没必要做)it.I could manage it myself.9Although Lily is usually easy-going,she sometimes (会令人非常恼怒)10I promised to get to the cinema before 5,but now the rain is pouring down.They (一定在等)for me impatiently.neednt have donecan bequite annoyingmust be waiting谢谢 观 看
