1、通州区2019年高三年级模拟考试英语试卷本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AI have been to many places as a news reporter. In India, I visited a city where there were many _1_ (home) chil
2、dren. Some were as young as four years old. They lived in the streets _2_ survived by begging or stealing. But then a wonderful lady _3_ (call) Rosa opened a home for them. Within one year, she was looking after two hundred children. She clothed them, fed them and taught them. She gave them hope.【答案
3、】1. homeless 2. and 3. called【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了在印度，一位名叫Rosa的女士为无家可归的孩子们开办了一个避难所。【1题详解】考查形容词。根据They lived in the streets _2_ survived by begging or stealing.可知这里意思是在印度，我访问了一个城市，那里有许多无家可归的孩子。该空表示“无家可归的”，修饰名词children，用形容词，所以填homeless。【2题详解】考查连词。句意：他们住在街上，并且靠乞讨或偷窃为生。文中内容是并列关系，所以填and。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但后来
4、，一位名叫Rosa的女士为他们开办了一个避难所。a wonderful lady和call之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，所以填called。BOnline shopping _4_ (welcome) by most people due to various reasons. For the consumers, it can save some time for the people _5_ dont have much spare time. Just clicking the mouse, they can get what they want _6_ staying at hom
5、e. For the sellers, it can cut some costs for those without enough circulating funds. Compared with the traditional trade mode, they dont have to spend money in _7_ (rent) a house.【答案】4. is welcomed 5. who/that 6. while/ when 7. renting【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了网上购物，无论对于消费者还是商家，都有诸多好处。【4题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：由于各种各样
6、的原因，网上购物受到大多数人的欢迎。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，“网上购物”和“欢迎”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填is welcomed。【5题详解】考查定语从句。_2_ dont have much spare time.一个定语从句，先行词是the people，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who/that。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：只要点击鼠标，他们就可以在家里得到他们想要的东西。文中表示“当时”，stay是延续性动词，所以填while/ when。【7题详解】考查固定句型。句意：与传统的贸易模式相比，他们不需要花钱租房子。spend money in doing s
7、th. 该句型是固定句型，所以填renting。CPeter worked _8_ a night watchman in a small factory. One morning his boss came in with a suitcase. He said to Peter, Im going to New York tomorrow. See you. Peter said, “Oh, you mustnt go. The factory owner asked him why. Peter answered that he _9_ (have) a nightmare the ni
8、ght before. In the dream, he had seen the next days plane to New York crash over the Atlantic Ocean. Peters boss _10_ (immediate) cancelled his ticket and stayed in the office. The plane crashed; the boss thanked Peter and gave him a big present. Then he fired him.【答案】8. as 9. had had 10. immediatel
9、y【解析】这是一篇故事类阅读。文章主要讲了彼得在一家小工厂当守夜人。一天早上，他的老板提着一个手提箱进来了。他对彼得说明天要去纽约。彼得告诉他不能去。厂主问他原因。彼得回答说，昨天晚上，他梦到第二天飞往纽约的飞机在大西洋上空坠毁了。彼得的老板立即取消了他的机票，留在了办公室。飞机失事了，老板谢过彼得，给了他一件大礼物。然后他解雇了他。【8题详解】考查固定短语。句意：Peter在一家小工厂当守夜人。work as担任；以身份而工作，改短于是固定短语，所以填as。【9题详解】考查时态。句意：Peter回答说他昨天晚上做了一个恶梦。that he _2_ (have) a nightmare the
10、 night before.是一个宾语从句，主句Peter answered用的是一般过去时，从句要使用相应的过去的时态，表示发生在“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，所以填had had。【10题详解】考查副词。句意：Peter的老板立即取消了他的机票，留在了办公室。该空修饰动词cancelled，用副词，所以填immediately。第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Sara, dont forget your promise to me that you will mo
11、w (割草) Mrs. Martins yard this weekend,” said Dad. “Dont let me down.”Sara was the oldest child in the family, and one of her chores was to mow their yard. Mrs. Martin, their _11_ neighbor, was unable to take care of her yard in her 70s, so Saras dad had _12_ Sara for this job. _13_ Mrs. Martins yard
12、 was not big, Sara knew the job would go quickly. However, she still disliked her dads _14_.“Why didnt you ask me first?” Sara had _15_.“Did you ask me first when you volunteered me to be in the school festival last fall?” asked Saras father.“Well, no, I didnt ask you first, _16_ you would have done
13、 those things anyway. Youre always _17_ to help.”“I _18_ when I can.” Dad answered. “Sara, we have known Mrs. Martin for a very long time. She has often _19_ our family. Now we can do something for her. _20_, the feeling you get from helping someone makes you _21_ who is really helping whom.”“I dont
14、 know, Dad,” said Sara. “The only feeling I get from mowing our yard is _22_.”“Just you wait and see,” said DadAfter breakfast, Sara made her way to Mrs. Martins yard. She was good at her job and soon had Mrs. Martins yard looking _23_. Mrs. Martin came outside with a big glass of orange juice and _
15、24_ it to her. Sara stopped her work and _25_ enjoyed the drink, while Mrs. Martin talked to her about all of the flowers in her yard. Seeing the _26_ in Mrs. Martins eyes, Sara began to understand how much the yard _27_ to Mrs. Martin.After finishing her drink, Sara returned to work with a new _28_
16、. A warm feeling began to _29_ through her body. Her dad was _30_. It was hard to tell who was helping whom!11. A. strangeB. newC. agedD. faithful12. A. guidedB. volunteeredC. orderedD. forced13. A. OnceB. SinceC. UnlessD. Although14. A. promiseB. argumentC. permissionD. introduction15. A. repliedB.
17、 suggestedC. complainedD. announced16. A. butB. soC. orD. for17. A. proudB. willingC. afraidD. fortunate18. A. chooseB. succeedC. hesitateD. try19. A. respectedB. changedC. protectedD. helped20. A. BesidesB. InsteadC. ThereforeD. Otherwise21. A. imagineB. exploreC. worryD. wonder22. A. scaredB. move
18、dC. tiredD. relaxed23. A. tidyB. aliveC. emptyD. messy24. A. threwB. deliveredC. offeredD. sold25. A. eagerlyB. generouslyC. carefullyD. gratefully26. A. determinationB. peaceC. curiosityD. joy27. A. relatedB. meantC. belongedD. referred28. A. attitudeB. wisdomC. inspirationD. expectation29. A. exis
19、tB. flyC. spreadD. break30. A. unusualB. rightC. seriousD. helpful【答案】11. C 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过讲述萨拉帮助年老的邻居割院子里的草，自己也感觉很快乐的经历，说明了帮助别人的感觉会让你怀疑谁在真正帮助谁。【11题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据was unable to tak
20、e care of her yard in her 70s可知他们的邻居上了年纪。A. strange奇怪的；B. new新的；C. aged年老的；D. faithful忠诚的，故选C。【12题详解】考查动词辨析。根据 “Did you ask me first when you volunteered me to be in the school festival last fall?” asked Saras father.可知这里意思是萨拉的父亲自愿让萨拉做这份工作。A. guided带领；B. volunteered自愿做；C. ordered命令；D. forced强迫，故选B。【
21、13题详解】考查连词辨析。根据Sara knew the job would go quickly. 可知这里意思是因为马丁太太的院子不大。A. Once一旦；B. Since自以来，因为；C. Unless除非；D. Although尽管，故选B。【14题详解】考查名词辨析。根据 “Sara, dont forget your promise to me that you will mow (割草) Mrs. Martins yard this weekend,” said Dad.可知这里意思是然而，她仍然不喜欢父亲的许诺。A. promise许诺；B. argument论证；C. per
22、mission允许；D. introduction介绍，故选A。【15题详解】考查动词辨析。根据“Why didnt you ask me first?” 可知萨拉在抱怨。A. replied回答；B. suggested建议；C. complained抱怨；D. announced宣布，故选C。【16题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：不，我没有先问你，但是不管怎样你都会做那些事的。你总是乐于助人。A. but但是；B. so所以；C. or或者；D. for因为，故选A。【17题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据_6_ you would have done those things anyway. 可知
23、这里意思是你总是乐于助人。A. proud自豪的；B. willing乐意的；C. afraid害怕的；D. fortunate幸运的，故选B。【18题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：“我能试的时候就试。”爸爸回答道。A. choose选择；B. succeed成功；C. hesitate犹豫；D. try尝试，故选D。【19题详解】考查动词辨析。根据Now we can do something for her.可知这里意思是她经常帮助我们家。A. respected尊敬；B. changed改变；C. protected保护；D. helped帮助，故选D。【20题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：此外
24、，帮助别人的感觉会让你怀疑谁在真正帮助谁。A. Besides此外；B. Instead代替；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则，故选A。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。根据It was hard to tell who was helping whom!可知这里意思是此外，帮助别人的感觉会让你怀疑谁在真正帮助谁。A. imagine想象；B. explore探索；C. worry担心；D. wonder怀疑，故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据“Just you wait and see,” said Dad可知这里意思是我在院子里割草的唯一的感觉就是疲倦。A. s
25、cared害怕的；B. moved感动的；C. tired疲倦的；D. relaxed放松的，故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据She was good at her job可知这里意思是不久，她就把马丁太太的院子收拾得整整齐齐了。A. tidy整齐的；B. alive活着的；C. empty空的；D. messy凌乱的，故选A。【24题详解】考查动词辨析。根据Sara stopped her work and _15_ enjoyed the drink可知这里意思是马丁太太提供给她一大杯橙汁。A. threw抛；B. delivered递送；C. offered提供；D. sold
26、卖，故选C。【25题详解】考查副词辨析。上文说马丁太太提供给她一大杯橙汁，所以自然是Sara 感激地享用饮料。A. eagerly渴望地；B. generously 慷慨地；C. carefully小心地；D. gratefully感激地，故选D。【26题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：看到马丁太太眼里的喜悦，萨拉开始明白这个院子对马丁太太意味着什么。A. determination决心；B. peace和平；C. curiosity好奇；D. joy喜悦，故选D。【27题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：看到马丁太太眼里的喜悦，萨拉开始明白这个院子对马丁太太意味着什么。A. related使有联系；B.
27、meant意味； C. belonged属于；D. referred提到，故选B。【28题详解】考查名词辨析。根据A warm feeling began to _19_ through her body.可知这里意思是喝完饮料后，萨拉以一种新的态度回到了工作岗位。A. attitude态度；B. wisdom智慧； C. inspiration灵感；D. expectation期待，故选A。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：一种温暖的感觉开始蔓延她的全身。A. exist存在；B. fly飞行； C. spread蔓延；D. break打破，故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词辨析。根据It w
28、as hard to tell who was helping whom!可知她父亲的话是正确的。A. unusual不寻常的；B. right正确的；C. serious严重的；D. helpful有帮助的，故选B。【点睛】完形填空是高考英语中最难一个题，正确解答完形填空题是考试成功至关重要的保障。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。完形填空的解题方法很多，而词汇复现法就是最常见的方法之一。词汇复现
29、包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。本题中的2小题中的volunteered；4小题中的promise等都采用了同义词或原词复现的方法。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AI was in the seventh grade, and we had moved to New Jersey in November. By then, ev
30、eryone already had had their own friends, and no one wanted to talk to a new girl. To make things worse, they put me in “Section L”. I found out later that everyone called Section L “Loserville”. It was sort of an open secret that it was the section for troublemakers and not-so-smart kids. When I fo
31、und out, I wanted to scream. I had always been a good student and had amazing friends, and now everyone thought I was a loser!I did text my friends in Illinois almost every night, especially my best friend, Ana. At first my friends wanted to hear all about it. But then some stopped texting back once
32、 I said something about how miserable I was. One night when I was texting with Ana, I complained about another friend who had just done that.Anas texts came really fast for the next few minutes and they surprised me. She said that she was tired of hearing about how bad everything was in New Jersey,
33、too. She said she did not want to hurt my feelings but that I needed to stop feeling so sorry for myself all the time, I had to try to make things better.The next day, I thought a lot about what Ana had said. She was right!I wish I could say that everything changed overnight after that, but it didnt
34、. I was still stuck in “Loserville”, and some people were still mean to me, even though I tried to just stay out of their way.But what did change was meI stopped feeling so sorry for myself and did something about making friends. I signed up to make sets for the school play. I met a lot of new peopl
35、e there, and suddenly I had friends to say hi to in the halls!I still miss Illinois sometimes, but life in New Jersey isnt so hard anymore. Even though I couldnt change my situation, I could change my attitudeand that made all the difference.31. “Loserville” is a section for _.A. failuresB. good stu
36、dentsC. class secretsD. newcomers32. The writer complained all the time in the new environment because _.A. Ana didnt text back to herB. her friends hurt her feelingsC. she was unfairly treatedD. she was a good student33. What made a difference in changing the situation?A. She went back to Illinois.
37、B. She ended friendship with Ana.C. She fought back with her classmates.D. She began to make friends with others.34. The best title for the passage can be _.A. Lasting FriendshipB. An Incidence at SchoolC. Say Goodbye to “Loserville”D. Unhappiness in “Loserville”【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D 34. C【解析】【分析】这是
38、一篇记叙文阅读。文章主要讲了作者在上七年级的时候，搬到了新泽西。在那里的学校，作者被放到了代表“失败者”的“Loserville”区，受到了不公平地对待，作者尽自己最大的努力，想要告别 “Loserville”。【31题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第一段It was sort of an open secret that it was the section for troublemakers and not-so-smart kids.（这是一个公开的秘密，这是一个闹事者和不太聪明的孩子的区域。）和I had always been a good student and had amazin
39、g friends, and now everyone thought I was a loser!（一直是个好学生，有很棒的朋友，现在每个人都认为我是个失败者!）由此推断出“Loserville”是一个失败者待着的地方，故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段But then some stopped texting back once I said something about how miserable I was.（但当我说我有多痛苦时，有些人就不再回我的短信了。）由此可知作者在新环境中一直抱怨，因为她受到不公平的待遇，故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在倒数第二段
40、But what did change was meI stopped feeling so sorry for myself and did something about making friends.（但真正改变我的是我自己我不再为自己感到难过，而是做了一些关于交朋友的事情。）由此可知她开始和别人交朋友，改变了情况，故选D。【34题详解】主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了作者在上七年级的时候，搬到了新泽西。在那里的学校，作者被放到了代表“失败者”的“Loserville”区，受到了不公平地对待，作者尽自己最大的努力，想要告别 “Loserville”。所以这篇文章最好的题目是和“Loservi
41、lle”说再见，故选C。【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路：细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节，做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如小题3，答案定位在倒数第二段But what did change was meI stopped feeling so
42、 sorry for myself and did something about making friends.（但真正改变我的是我自己我不再为自己感到难过，而是做了一些关于交朋友的事情。）由此可知她开始和别人交朋友，改变了情况，故选D。BThese days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint. In order to reduce global warming, we need to make our carbon footprints smaller. But how much CO are we r
43、esponsible for?A new book by Mike Berners-Lee (a leading expert in carbon foot-printing) might be able to help. The Carbon Foot print of Everything looks at the different things we do and buy, and calculates the amount of CO2 they produce, including the ingredients, the electricity, the equipment, t
44、he transport and the packaging. And its frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces.But all of this can help us decide which beer to drink. From Berners-Lees calculations, its clear that a pint (568 ml) of locally-brewed (酿制的) beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported
45、 beer. This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away, and it uses more packaging. The local beer only produces 300 g of CO2-but the imported beer produces 900 g! So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign beer from the supermarket
46、.Berners-Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work. Nothing is more environmentally - friendly than riding a bike, surely? Well, it depends on what youve had to eat before. To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food. So, if we eat a banana and then ride a kilomet
47、er and a half, our footprint is 65 g of CO2. However, if we eat bacon before the bike ride, its 200 g. In fact, bananas are good in general because they dont need packaging. They can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight.So, does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment?
48、Absolutely not. If you cycle, you don t use your car; and the fewer cars on the road, the fewer traffic jams. And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars travelling at speed. Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital. And hospitals have very big carbon fo
49、otprints!So, maybe its time for us all to start making some changes. Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer, please.35. Which of the followings produces the smallest carbon footprints?A. A pint of local beer.B. A bottle of imported beer.C. A banana before a 1.5 km bike ride.D. Bacon before a 1.5
50、km bike ride.36. According to the article, the author suggests choosing the local food because it is _.A. more tastyB. easier to buyC. better packagedD. more energy-saving37. The purpose of writing this article is to _.A. promote a new bookB. advertise the imported beerC. instruct how to measure the
51、 carbon footprintD. encourage people to reduce the production of CO2【答案】35. C 36. D 37. D【解析】这是一篇议论文阅读。文章作者鼓励大家采取行动，减少温室气体的排放，并说明了一些具体的做法。【35题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第四段So, if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half, our footprint is 65 g of CO2. However, if we eat bacon before the bike ride, its
52、 200 g. In fact, bananas are good in general because they dont need packaging. They can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight.（所以，如果我们吃一根香蕉，然后骑一公里半，我们的足迹是65克二氧化碳。然而，如果我们在骑车之前吃培根，那就是200克。事实上，香蕉一般来说是好的，因为它们不需要包装。它们可以乘船运输，生长在自然阳光下。）和第五段So, does this mean that cycling is bad for the e
53、nvironment? Absolutely not.（那么，这是否意味着骑车对环境有害呢?绝对不是。）由此推断出一根香蕉前骑1.5公里自行车，产生的碳足迹最小，故选C。【36题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第三段This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away, and it uses more packaging. The local beer only produces 300 g of CO2-but the imported beer produces 900 g! So, one pint of
54、local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign beer from the supermarket.（这是因为进口的啤酒是从很远的地方运来的，所以需要更多的包装。当地的啤酒只生产300克二氧化碳，而进口的啤酒却生产900克!所以，一品脱本地啤酒比超市里三罐便宜的外国啤酒更环保。）由此推断出，作者建议选择当地的食物，因为它更节能，故选D。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段So, maybe its time for us all to start making some changes. Pa
55、ss me a banana and a pint of local beer, please.（所以，也许是时候让我们所有人开始做出一些改变了。请递给我一根香蕉和一品脱当地啤酒。）可知文章是鼓励大家采取行动，减少温室气体的排放，故选D。CMost adults firmly believe that as kids reach their teens, they start to take crazy risks that get them in trouble. Do teenagers simply love taking all risks much more than adults?
56、 A recent study suggests otherwise.Scientists designed a simple experiment involving 33 teenagers and three other age groups. In the experiment, the researchers tried to distinguish between two very different kinds of risk-taking. The first they called a willingness to take known risks (when the pro
57、bability of winning is clear) and the second they called a willingness to take unknown risks (when the possibility of success is uncertain).The study offered participants the opportunity to play two kinds of games. They had the chance to win money, with one game offering a known risk and the other o
58、ffering an unknown risk. On each round of the game, each participant had to choose between taking a sure $5 and known or unknown risks of winning a lot more. If on one particular round they had picked the $5 for sure choice, then they got $ 5. But if on that round they had chosen to take a risk, the
59、 rules of the game will determine whether or not they had won. If they did win, they went home with between $8 and $125. And, of course, if they lost, they went home with nothing.What the scientists found was really quite surprising. It turned out that the average teenager was very hesitant when ris
60、ks were knownmore careful than college students or parents-aged adults, and about as careful as grandparent-aged adults. This means that when the risks were known, teenagers were not risky in their behavior at all. Only when the risks were unclear did teenagers choose them more often than other grou
61、ps. Under those kinds of conditions, they were much more willing to take a risk than any other group.So, what does all of this mean? The research suggests that adults should probably focus more energy on trying to educate teenagers about risks than limiting them. Teenagers who understand the risks a
62、ssociated with a decision are more likely to be careful in their behavior.38. This experiment was carried out byA. dividing the teens into three groupsB. comparing the reactions to different risksC. giving equal amount of awards to the participantsD. observing the emotional changes of the teenager39
63、. When facing known risks, teenagers tended to be _.A. ambitsB. cautiousC. anxiousD. curious40. Which group in the study were more likely to take unknown risks?A. Teenagers.B. College students.C. Parent-aged adults.D. Grandparent-aged adults.41. According to the study, parents should focus on _.A. g
64、uaranteeing children to be carefulB. setting age limits on dangerous activitiesC. respecting teens to make their own choicesD. guiding teens to learn more about the effect of risks【答案】38. B 39. B 40. A 41. D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了研究表明，当面临已知的风险时，青少年往往很谨慎。只有当风险还不清楚时，青少年才会比其他群体更经常地选择它们，所以父母应该集中精力引导青少年更多
65、地了解风险的影响。【38题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第三段On each round of the game, each participant had to choose between taking a sure $5 and known or unknown risks of winning a lot more. If on one particular round they had picked the $5 for sure choice, then they got $ 5. But if on that round they had chosen to take a risk
66、, the rules of the game will determine whether or not they had won. If they did win, they went home with between $8 and $125. And, of course, if they lost, they went home with nothing.（在每一轮游戏中，每个参与者都必须在确定的5美元和已知或未知的赢得更多的风险之间做出选择。如果在一个特定的回合中，他们肯定选择了5美元，那么他们就得到了5美元。但如果他们在这一轮中选择冒险，游戏规则将决定他们是否赢了。如果他们赢了，
67、他们带着8到125美元回家。当然，如果他们输了，他们会一无所有地回家。）由此可知本实验是通过比较对不同风险的反应来进行的，故选B。【39题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段It turned out that the average teenager was very hesitant when risks were knownmore careful than college students or parents-aged adults, and about as careful as grandparent-aged adults.（结果表明，当风险被了解时，一般的青少年都非常犹豫比大学
68、生或父母更谨慎，和祖父母一样谨慎。）由此可知当面临已知的风险时，青少年往往很谨慎，故选B。40题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Only when the risks were unclear did teenagers choose them more often than other groups. Under those kinds of conditions, they were much more willing to take a risk than any other group.（只有当风险还不清楚时，青少年才会比其他群体更经常地选择它们。在这种情况下，他们比其他任何一组人都
69、更愿意冒险。）由此可知，研究中，青少年组更有可能承担未知的风险，故选A。【41题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段The research suggests that adults should probably focus more energy on trying to educate teenagers about risks than limiting them. Teenagers who understand the risks associated with a decision are more likely to be careful in their behavior.（
70、研究表明，成年人应该把更多的精力放在教育青少年认识风险上，而不是限制他们。了解决策风险的青少年在行为上更有可能谨慎。）由此可知根据这项研究，父母应该集中精力引导青少年更多地了解风险的影响，故选D。DShark attacks not only disturb beach activities, but can affect associated tourist industries. Shark nets are a common solution to preventing shark attacks on beaches, but they cause dangers to sea eco
71、systems.Seeking a cost-effective way to monitor beach safety over large areas, we have developed a system called Shark Spotter. It combines artificial intelligence (AI), computing power, and drone (无人机) technology to identify and warn lifesavers to sharks near swimmers. The project is a cooperation
72、between the University of Technology Sydney and The Ripper Group, which is pioneering the use of dronescalled “Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers”in the search and rescue movement in Australia.SharkSpotter can detect sharks and other potential threats using real-time aerial imagery. The system analyse
73、s video from a camera attached to a drone to monitor beaches for sharks, send warnings, and conduct rescues. Developed with techniques known as “deep learning”, the Shark Spotter system receives imagery from the drone camera and attempts to identify all objects in the scene. Once certain objects are
74、 detected, they are put into one of 16 categories: shark, whale, dolphin, rays, different types of boats, surfers, and swimmers.If a shark is detected, Shark Spotter provides both a visual sign on the computer screen and an audible warning to the operator. The operator confirms the warning and sends
75、 text messages from the Shark Spotter system to the Surf Life Savers for further action. In an emergency, the drone is equipped with a lifesaving flotation pod (漂浮仓) together with an electronic shark repellent (驱逐装置) that can be dropped into the water in cases where swimmers are in severe trouble, t
76、rapped in a rip, or if there are sharks close by.In January 2018, the Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers was used to rescue two young swimmers caught in a rip at Lennox Head, NSW. The drone flew down the beach some 800 meters from the lifeguard station, and a lifesaving flotation pod was dropped from
77、the drone. The complete rescue operation took 70 seconds.We believe Shark Spotter is a win-win for both marine life and beachgoers. This unique technology combines dynamic video image processing AI and advanced drone technology to creatively deal with the global challenge of ensuring safe beaches, p
78、rotecting environments, and promoting tourism.42. A Shark Spotter is _.A. a solution to monitor sharksB. an equipment to identify lifesaversC. a technology to prevent shark attacksD. a project to pioneer the use of drones43. When a shark is spotted near a swimmer, the system will _.A. take timely ac
79、tionB. analyze the visual dataC. classify the identified objectsD. turn on “deep learning” mode44. The example in the 5th paragraph shows us that the system isA. efficient in saving livesB. effective in detecting sharksC. smart in driving sharks awayD. practical over the whole sea area45. What is th
80、e authors attitude towards the future of SharkSpotter?A. Doubtful.B. Optimistic.C. Negative.D. Objective.【答案】42. C 43. A 44. A 45. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种旨在防止鲨鱼袭击技术Shark Spotter的工作原理以及重要意义。【42题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第四段If a shark is detected, Shark Spotter provides both a visual sign on the computer screen
81、and an audible warning to the operator. The operator confirms the warning and sends text messages from the Shark Spotter system to the Surf Life Savers for further action.（如果鲨鱼被发现，Shark Spotter会在电脑屏幕上显示视觉讯号，并向操作员发出听觉警告。操作员确认了警告，并从鲨鱼观测者系统向冲浪救生员发送短信，以便采取进一步行动。）由此推断出Shark Spotter是一种防止鲨鱼袭击的技术，故选C。【43题详解
82、】推理判断题。答案定位在第四段In an emergency, the drone is equipped with a lifesaving flotation pod (漂浮仓) together with an electronic shark repellent (驱逐装置) that can be dropped into the water in cases where swimmers are in severe trouble, trapped in a rip, or if there are sharks close by.（在紧急情况下，无人机配备了一个救生浮选舱和一个电
83、子防鲨器，当游泳者遇到严重麻烦、被困在裂口或附近有鲨鱼时，可以将防鲨器放入水中。）由此可知当在游泳者附近发现鲨鱼时，系统会及时采取行动，故选A。【44题详解】推理判断题。第五段In January 2018, the Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers was used to rescue two young swimmers caught in a rip at Lennox Head, NSW. The drone flew down the beach some 800 meters from the lifeguard station, and a lif
84、esaving flotation pod was dropped from the drone. The complete rescue operation took 70 seconds.（2018年1月，西太平洋小开创者救生员队(Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers)被用来营救两名在新南威尔士州伦诺克斯海德(Lennox Head)被困的年轻游泳者。这架无人机从距离救生站800米的海滩上飞下来，一个救生浮筒从无人机上掉了下来。整个营救行动耗时70秒。）由此推断出第五段的例子告诉我们这个系统在拯救生命方面是有效的，故选A。【45题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在最后
85、一段We believe Shark Spotter is a win-win for both marine life and beachgoers.（我们相信Shark Spotter对海洋生物和海滩游客来说都是双赢的。）由此推断出作者对Shark Spotter的未来持乐观的态度。A. Doubtful.怀疑的；B. Optimistic.乐观的；C. Negative.否定的；D. Objective.客观的，故选B。【点睛】通过对关键词，关键短语或者是关键的句子的把握是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法之一，它们往往隐藏着深层的意思。小题4，答案定位在最后一段We believe Shar
86、k Spotter is a win-win for both marine life and beachgoers.（我们相信Shark Spotter对海洋生物和海滩游客来说都是双赢的。）其中a win-win是关键词，由此推断出作者对Shark Spotter的未来持乐观的态度，故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nowadays, WeChat is about expressing our opinions and Weibo is about collecting things we
87、like. Both of them develop our self-focus. Self-focus simply means you pay attention to how you feel, think and behave. Self-focus isnt naturally a bad thing. Particularly in individualistic (个人主义的) cultures, we value our ability to be self-aware. _46_Unfortunately, when you are regularly focusing o
88、n yourself, youll notice any dissatisfaction, anxiety, or general discomfort you might not have otherwise. _47_ As a result, self-focus contributes to a wide range of mental health problems like anxiety.But quitting technology is no longer a practical solution. _48_ For example, dont post about thin
89、gs you did, which focuses your attention on yourself. Instead, you could share advice and words of support from your smart phone. As a result, youll feel better, and so will the people around you.Do you like to take selfies (自拍)? Its easy to take a quick picture of yourself to show what you re doing
90、, or how you re feeling. But paying attention to ourselves often makes us feel worse. _49_ Do your best to highlight (突出) the wonderful things that make them special. In this way, you wont focus so much on your bad hair day, and you will get along better with your friends._50_ But if we can learn to
91、 move the focus off ourselves and onto doing good for others, technology can help us grow. Anyway, the point is that its up to you to handle the ability of your self-focus.A. Too much self-focus means few friends.B. Self-focus is generally helpful in daily life.C. Therefore, try taking pictures of y
92、our friends.D. In fact, we can use technology in ways that are less self-focused.E. By bringing your attention to those negative emotions, you strengthen them.F. We want to know who we are and why we do what we do to uncover possible ways to improve our lives.G. Technology-when used in certain ways
93、is having negative effects on our mental health and well-being.【答案】46. F 47. E 48. D 49. C 50. G【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了我们能学会把注意力从自己身上转移到为他人做好事上，科技就能帮助我们成长。无论如何，关键是你要掌握自我关注的能力。【46题详解】上文Particularly in individualistic (个人主义的) cultures, we value our ability to be self-aware.说特别是在个人主义文化中，我们重视自我意识的能力。该空承接上文，F
94、选项“我们想知道我们是谁，我们为什么要做我们所做的，来发现改善我们生活的可能方法。”切题，故选F。【47题详解】下文As a result, self-focus contributes to a wide range of mental health problems like anxiety. 说因此，自我关注会导致很多心理健康问题，比如焦虑。该空引出下文，E选项“把你的注意力放在那些消极的情绪上，你就会强化它们。”切题，故选E。【48题详解】上文But quitting technology is no longer a practical solution. 说但放弃技术不再是一个切实
95、可行的解决方案。下文 For example, dont post about things you did, which focuses your attention on yourself.说例如，不要发布你做过的事情，这会让你的注意力集中在自己身上。该空承上启下，D选项“事实上，我们可以以不那么以自我为中心的方式使用技术。”切题，故选D。49题详解】上文But paying attention to ourselves often makes us feel worse. 说但是关注自己往往会让我们感觉更糟。下文Do your best to highlight (突出) the won
96、derful things that make them special.说尽你最大的努力突出那些让它们与众不同的美好事物。该空承上启下，C选项“因此，试着给你的朋友拍照。”切题，故选C。【50题详解】下文But if we can learn to move the focus off ourselves and onto doing good for others, technology can help us grow.说但如果我们能学会把注意力从自己身上转移到为他人做好事上，科技就能帮助我们成长。该空引出下文，G选项“技术当以某种方式使用时，会对我们的心理健康和幸福产生负面影响。”切题
97、，故选G。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim对中国文化很感兴趣。他即将过生日，你给他准备了一件礼物并写信给他，内容包括：1. 生日祝福；2. 礼物介绍；3. 选择该礼物的原因。注意：1. 词数不少于50；2. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Its great to hear from youI know your birthday is coming， so I prepared a present for you.I learned that yo
98、u are very interested in Chinese culture, so I would like to give you a book about Chinese culture.I wish you a happy birthday and all your best wishes come true. This book introduces Chinese traditional culture in detail. It can help you understand Chinese culture better and broaden your horizon. I
99、 hope you can benefit from it.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】考查提纲类作文写作。【详解】题目要求假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim对中国文化很感兴趣。他即将过生日，你给他准备了一件礼物并写信给他，内容包括：1. 生日祝福；2. 礼物介绍；3. 选择该礼物的原因。分析可知，应该以第一人称为主，一般现在时和一般过去时进行写作。要点已经给出，要求考生根据提纲自己发挥拓展，考生要先想好写哪几点，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出。描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把
100、句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。【点睛】这篇提纲类短文的关键在于要点的拓展，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。I learned that you are very interested in Chinese culture, so I would like to give you a book about Chinese culture.宾语从句的运用；I hope you can benefit from it.宾语从句的运用。第二节（20分）52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你组织戏剧社成员排
101、演雷雨参加学校戏剧节的全过程，并以 “Putting Thunderstorm on the School Stage”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。词数不少于60。Putting Thunderstorm on the School Stage_【答案】 In order to enrich our campus culture, our school held a drama festival. I organized drama club members to rehearse thunderstorm. First, I asked the team members to ch
102、oose roles according to their own preferences. Then we bought the costumes for the show from the Internet. Next, we had a hard rehearsal. Our performance was a great success and won lots of applause from the audience.The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did it free us from the heavy school work
103、, it also promoted the friendship among us! What a wonderful experience!【解析】【分析】这篇书面表达属于看图作文。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇是看图作文：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你组织戏剧社成员排演雷雨参加学校戏剧节的全过程，并以 “Putting Thunderstorm on the School Stage”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。词数不少于60。第2步：根据写作要求确定关键词，如：choose roles（选择角色）；costumes（服装）； success（成功）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态语态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】本文是看图作文。内容符合四幅图画的要求，语言精练，文中运用高级句子。In order to enrich our campus culture动词不定式作目的状语；What a wonderful experience!感叹句更是让文章锦上添花。
