1、 一般现在时的被动语态 (Page 36)1. 被动语态的含义 在英语中有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。含义例句说明主动语态主语是动作的执行者Many people speak English.许多人讲英语。谓语speak这一动作是由主语many people来执行的被动语态主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象English is spoken by many people.英语被许多人讲。主语English是speak这一动作的承受者2. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有人称
2、、时态和数的变化。3. 被动语态的用法：当说话者不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，只需要强调动作的承受者，可以使用被动语态。如果需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时一般用介词by引出。Chinese is spolen by the largest number of people in the world. 汉语是世界上为最多人所讲的语言。4. 一般现在时的被动语态（1）一般现在时的被动语态的构成：在一般现在时态的句子中，被动语态由be(am/is/are) + 及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随人称、数的变化而改变。This knife is made of wood and
3、 metal. 这把刀是用木头和金属制造的。Bananas are produced in Hainan. 香蕉产于海南。（2）主动语态改写成被动语态的方法：将主动句的宾语变成主语，将主动句的谓语变成be + 及物动词的过去分词，主动句的主语变成被动句中by的宾语（或省略）。主动句：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语被动句：主语 + be + 及物动词的过去分词 + by + 宾语Most middle school students play football. 主语 谓语 宾语Football is played by most middle school students.大部分中学生踢足球。【警
4、示】如果主动句中有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），可以把其中任意一个变成被动句的主语。My teacher gives me a lot of books.(主动语态) 我的老师给我许多书。主语 谓语 间宾 直宾被动语态：I am given a lot of books by my teacher.被动语态：A lot of books are given to me by my teacher.(3) 一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化：结构例句肯定句主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词+其他.The kite is made by Mary. 这个风筝是玛丽做的。一般疑问句及其答语A
5、m/Is/Are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词+其他？Is the kite made by Mary? 这个风筝是玛丽做的吗？肯定回答：Yes, 主语+am/is/are.Yes, it is. 对，是的。否定回答：No, 主语+isnt/arent. 或 No, Im not.No, it isnt. 不，不是。否定句主语+ am/is/are + not +及物动词的过去分词+其他.The kite isnt made by Mary.这个风筝不是玛丽做的。（4）由主语单复数确定be的形式。 【典例】To our surprise, the walls of the new book
6、store_ books.A. are lined withB. is lined with C. have lined with【答案】A（5）强调动作的承受者，而不是执行者。【典例】A lot of trees _around here every year and we can enjoy fresher air now.A. plantB. is plantedC. were planted D. are planted【答案】D（6）与一般现在时被动语态连用的时间状语有：every day，often，usually，always，seldom等。 My room is cleane
7、d every day by me. 我每天打扫我的房间。【典例】Some students in this school _ abroad as exchange students every year. A. sentB. sendC. are sent【答案】C【解析】主语students与谓语动词send之间是被动关系；根据句子时间状语every year可知时态应为一般现在时。学科*网（7）一般现在时被动语态的疑问句与否定句。 疑问句：Is/Am/Are主语过去分词其他？否定句：主语is/am/arenot过去分词其他. Are these dishes washed by your
8、 mother? 这些碟子是你妈妈洗的吗？The blackboard is not cleaned by Kate. 凯特没有擦黑板。【典例】_ this kind of question often asked in your class, Ann? A. IsB. DoesC. Has【答案】A【解析】本题用语法判定法解题。句意：安，在你的班级，这种问题经常被问吗？本句为被动语态的一般疑问句形式，时态为一般现在时。【魔法记忆】一般现在时被动语态用法顺口溜：一般现被动用be done，be有am，is和are；否定be后加not，疑问置be主语前。【助记】一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时，被
9、动用be done，be有am，is，are。否定be后加not，疑问be放主语前。【典例】（2015 重庆卷）How clean your car is!Thank you. It _ very often.A. is washed B. washes C. was washed D. washed【答案】AI. 单项选择。1. The boy with short hair _ Little Tiger by his parents.A. calls B. called C. is calling D. is called2. Computers _ widely in our daily
10、 life.A. use B. used C. were used D. are used3. Fifteen-year-olds _ to have jobs in China.A. is not allowed B. are allowed C. is allowed D. are not allowed4. He likes reading very much. Most of his money _ on books.A. is spent B. spend C. spends D. are spent5.What languages _ in that country？German
11、and English.A. are speakingB. are spokenC. speakD. is spoken6. I wont come to the party unless Sue _, too.You mean if Sue comes, you will come.A. will inviteB. invitesC. invitedD. is invited7. Suihua is so beautiful. Its like a big garden.Yes. Many trees and flowers _ in our city every year.A. are p
12、lantingB. are plantedC. were planted8. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have toII. 完形填空。The umbrella is a very common object. It k
13、eeps the 1 and the sun off the people. Most umbrellas can be folded up(折叠) so it is 2 to carry them. However, the umbrella has not always been as 3 as it is now. In the past, it was a symbol of importance. Some African countries still use umbrellas in this 4 . Someone carries an umbrella and walks b
14、ehind the king or important person. Umbrellas are very old. People in different parts of the world began to 5 umbrellas at different times. The Chinese had them more than 3, 000 years ago. From there, umbrellas 6 to India and Egypt. In Greece and Rome, 7 wouldnt use them. They believed umbrellas wer
15、e only for women. England was 8 the first country in Europe where common people used umbrellas against rain. The weather there is very 9 and umbrellas are very useful. Everybody uses umbrellas today. The next time you 10 one, thinking that for centuries only great men and women used them, youll feel
16、 you are important people, too. 1. A. rainB. cloudC. airD. water2. A. lovelyB. cheapC. hardD. easy3. A. lightB. heavyC. commonD. special4. A. wayB. sizeC. reasonD. place5. A. discoverB. useC. examineD. discuss6. A. walkedB. traveledC. rodeD. flew7. A. childrenB. parentsC. menD. women8. A. probablyB.
17、 alreadyC. suddenlyD. immediately9. A. sunnyB. rainyC. snowyD. windy10. A. sellB. returnC. borrowD. carryIII. 阅读理解。AJohn was ten years old and he was very lazy. He had to go to school, of course, but he was bored there and tried to do as little work as possible. His father and mother were both docto
18、rs and they hoped that he would become one, too, when he grew up. But one day John said to his mother, When I finish school, I want to become a garbage collector. A garbage collector? his mother asked. She was very surprised. Thats not a pleasant job. Why do you want to become a garbage collector? B
19、ecause then Id only have to work one day a week, John answered. Only one day a week? his mother said,What do you mean? Well, John answered, I know that the ones who come to our house only work on Wednesday, because I only saw them on that day.1. John _ at school.A. didnt do any work B. did much work
20、C. did very little work D. tried to finish his work2. Johns parents wanted him to become _.A. a garbage collectorB. a doctorC. a teacher D. a worker3. John hoped to be a garbage collector because _.A. he knew it was an important and necessary jobB. he thought he would work only one day a weekC. he o
21、ften saw some garbage collectors come to his houseD. the garbage collectors really work only one day a week 4. John thought that the garbage collectors only work one day a week because _.A. it was a rule B. some garbage collectors told him soC. his parents told him soD. he saw them work only on Wedn
22、esdayBIt was Sunday and Tom was staying at home. After breakfast he went out into the garden and played quietly by himself. There were no kids around and he was used to playing alone quietly. He played with Bobby, the dog. He climbed up and down the tree. Sometimes a bird would come down to perch on
23、 top of the doghouse. Then Tom would have the greatest fun by throwing a stone or something at it. Though he never made it, he did like doing this kind of thing. Now Tom had been in the garden for half an hour. Suddenly a crack was heard and the little boy began crying. Whats the matter, Tom? his mo
24、ther looked through the kitchen window. Tom ran into the kitchen. Mum, he sobbed. I broke Bobby s plate. I didnt know it was so fragile. His mother put her arms round him and said, Dont feel so sad, Tom. We have other plates for Bobby. But how did you break that one? I threw it at a bird but missed,
25、 and it went straight to the plate. In Toms hand was his fathers gold pocket watch!5. When did the story happen?A. On a Sunday afternoon. B. On a Sunday morning.C. At noon. D. In the evening.6. When a bird perched on top of the dog house, Tom _.A. would like to play with it B. was very interested in
26、 it by throwing a stone at itC. would like to give it something to eatD. would smile7. There were no kids around and he was used to playing alone quietly. Herekids means _.A. men B. dogs C. children D. birds8. How long had Tom been in the garden when his mother heard him cry?A. An hour. B. A day. C.
27、 Two hours. D. Half an hour.9. Though he never made it means _.A. Though he couldnt hit a bird with a stone or somethingB. Though he couldnt catch the birdC. Though he couldnt have fun from the birdD. Though he couldnt eat the birdI. 单项选择。3. D【解析】考查主谓一致和常识。句意：在中国，15岁的孩子是不允许工作的。15岁的孩子是一个群体，谓语动词应该用复数形
28、式；由常识可知，15岁的孩子是不允许工作的。故选D。4. A【解析】考查动词语态和主谓一致。不可数名词money是动词spend的宾语，money提前时用被动语态，5. B【解析】考查动词的语态和主谓一致。句意：那个国家说什么语言？德语和英语。语言是被人们所说，故用被动语态，排除A、C；又因主语languages是复数形式，排除D。学科*网8. A【解析】如果城市噪音不被制止，20年后人们即使在餐桌旁吃饭也将为让对方听到而不得不大声喊叫。II. 完形填空。1. A【解析】日常生活中，伞的作用是挡雨和挡太阳。故选A。2. D【解析】句意：大部分的伞可以折叠，所以很容易携带。easy有容易的意思。
29、3. C【解析】根据下一句In the past，it was a symbol of importance可知，在过去伞是重要地位的象征，此处是与现在伞是一种普通的物品作比较。common有普通的意思。4. A【解析】in this way为介词短语，意为以这种方式。句意：一些非洲国家仍然以这种方式使用伞。5. B【解析】句意：世界不同地区的人开始使用伞的时间不同。6. B【解析】伞是从中国流传到印度和埃及的，因此用travel表示流传。7. C【解析】由本段最后一句They believed umbrellas were only for women. 可知，在希腊和罗马，人们认为伞仅仅是
30、供女士使用的，所以男士不使用伞。8. A【解析】probably意为可能；already意为已经；suddenly意为突然；immediately意为直接地。句意：英同可能是欧洲第一个普通人用伞挡雨的国家。9. B【解析】英国的天气多雨。rainy有多雨的意思。句意：那里的天气多雨，伞非常有用。10. D【解析】carry在此处有携带的意思。句意：下次当你携带伞的时候，想到几个世纪来只有重要的人才使用伞，你也会感觉你是一个重要的人。III. 阅读理解。A文章大意：本文叙述了约翰10岁了，已经上学了，可是他在学校不愿意学习，他的父母都是医生愿意让他长大后也当一名医生，可他想他一名清洁工，他认为清
31、洁工一周只上一天班。1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据 but he was bored there and tried to do as little work as possible.在学校他做的功课很少，故选C。2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据His father and mother were both doctors and they hoped that he would become one, too他的父母希望他长大后成为一名医生，故选B。3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Only one day a week?他认为清洁工一周只工作一次，故选B。4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据I
32、 know that the ones who come to our house only work on Wednesday因为他只在周三看见清洁工，故选D。B文章大意：本文叙述了汤姆在一个星期天的早晨，向往常一样自己和小狗在花园里玩，他看见一只鸟落在了狗窝上，就用石头去砸鸟玩，结果把狗的碗砸坏了，把他给吓哭了。7. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据he was used to playing alone quietly. 这里指周围没有孩子，所以他自己玩，故选C。8. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Now Tom had been in the garden for half an hour. 汤姆在花园里呆了半个小时了，故选D。9. A【解析】推理判断题。根据I threw it at a bird but missed, and it went straight to the plate. 可知，他没有砸中鸟，故选A。10
