1、that和if/whether引导的宾语从句在复合句中，如果由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫作宾语从句。引导宾语从句的常见关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, where, why和how等，本单元主要学习that和if/whether引导的宾语从句。一、that引导的宾语从句1. 关联词当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that在口语或非正式文体中常省略。I think（that）hell return in an hour.我想他将在一个小时以后回来。The teacher said(that) I was right. 老师说我是正确的。【拓展】关联词tha
2、t在下列情况下不可省略：（1）当宾语从句的主语是that时。He says that that is a map of the city. 他说那是一副城市地图。（2）当宾语从句前有插入语时。He says, in his letter, that he misses us very much. 在他的信中，他说他非常想念我们。（3）当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。I cant tell him that his father died. 我不能告诉他他父亲去世了。【典例】My mother told me_ she would go to the shop.A. thatB. whichC
3、. whatD. who【答案】A2. 时态（1）如果主句为一般现在时，从句可选择任意适当的时态。Im sorry to hear that you were ill last week. 听说你上周病了，我很难过。（2）如果主句是一般过去时，从句一般要用过去的某种时态。She didnt know that Tom had left for Shanghai. 她不知道汤姆已经动身去了上海。（3）当宾语从句是表达客观事实或自然规律的句子时，即使主句用过去时态，宾语从句仍用一般现在时态。The teacher told us that light travels faster than sou
4、nd. 老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快。二、if/whether引导的宾语从句当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为是否。I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。【拓展】一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if，而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。（1）当or not直接跟在关联词后时，只能用whether。I d
5、ont know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。（2）在动词不定式之前只能用whether。He dosent know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。（3）在介词后通常用whether。It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。【助记】宾语从句的用法宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连
6、。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。【典例】（2015 南京）I saw David in the teachers office this morning. Do you know _ he was there?He went there to hand in his homework.A. how B. whether C. when D. why【答案】D感叹句一、定义：感叹句是表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情的句子。二、种类：感叹句通常有what或how引导，常用结构：1. what引导的感叹句：（1）What +
7、a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数（+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他）！What a beautiful birthday present! 多美的生日礼物呀！（2）What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数形式 （+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他）！What interesting stories（they are）!（它们是）多么有趣的故事呀！（3）What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 （+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他）！What fine weather! 多好的天气呀！【归纳】what的基本句型例句What a/an形容词单数名词(主语谓语)！(以元音音素开头的形容词前面要用an)What an
8、 interesting story (it is)! 多么有趣的故事啊！What形容词复数名词(主语谓语)！What beautiful flowers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花呀！What形容词不可数名词(主语谓语)！What delicious food (it is)! 多么好吃的食物啊！2. how引导的感叹句： （1）How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓语 + 其他）！How tall the tree is! 多么高的树呀！（2）How + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！How beautiful a flower! 多美的一朵花呀！【
9、拓展】what引导的感叹句通常可与how引导的感叹句进行转换。学科*网What a lovely girl she is! = How lovely a girl she is! 她是多么可爱的一个女孩啊！【典例】（2015 苏州）Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _ great courage he showed!A. What a B. What C. How a D. How【归纳】how的基本句型例句How形容词(主语谓语)!How kind (the girl is)! (这个女孩)多么善良啊！How副词(主语
10、谓语)!How well (she dances)! (她舞跳得)多好啊！How主语谓语! (此句型中how修饰动词，但动词不提前。)How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！【魔法记忆】感叹句的引导词what和how：1. 根据所接词汇有无名词来判断。若所接词汇为名词或名词短语，该引导词用what；若所接词汇只有形容词或副词，无名词，则该引导词用how。2. 句中有名词，根据主语和主语前的词汇判断。若主语前的词汇为名词或名词短语，该引导词应用what；若主语前的词汇为形容词，则该引导词应用how。【典例】用what或how填空：_ clever girls they are!_ cle
11、ver the girls are!【答案】What How【解析】第句中的主语为they，they前的girls为名词，且clever与girls中间无其他词(如定冠词the或物主代词等)，clever girls意为聪明的女孩，为名词短语，则应用What。第句中虽有名词girls，但girls前存在定冠词the，the girls为名词短语，作主语，clever不能与the girls一起构成名词短语， 即主语the girls前只有形容词clever，则应用How。I. 单项选择。1. Could you tell me _?At the end of July.A. how often
12、 he heard from his pen palB. how soon he will be hereC. that he went on vacationD. when you will start your vacation2. May I ask you _?A. if or not there is a toilet near here B. whether is there a school around hereC. that there is a hospital in the neighborhoodD. whether we should hand in the home
13、work at once3.（2016 江苏扬州市竹西中学九年级上学期12月月考）The match is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong.Youre right. But I am sure _ our team will win!A. if B. that C. whether D. why4.（2016 江苏无锡市南长区九年级上学期期中） _ unusual experience you had in the USA!A. What a B. What an C. What D. How5. How do you like
14、the program The Voice of China?_ amazing program it is! Many people like to watch it.A. What B. How an C. What an D. How6. Could you please tell me _?Yes.There is one on Center Street.A. where can I buy some stampsB. when you will take your vacationC. when was the telephone inventedD. if there are a
15、ny good restaurants around here7. How long does it take to get to the airport?Forty minutes. But its foggy today. Im not sure _ the highway will be closed soon. Lets set off earlier.A. whether B. when C. how D. why8. What about going to the South Lake for a picnic next weekend?OK.But Im not sure _ i
16、t will rain.A.why B.where C.when D.whether9. _ interesting the storybook is!Yes. I have read it twice.A. What B. What an C. How D. How an10.Could you please tell me _?Yes, sure.A. if there is a bookshop near hereB. where can I buy a stampC. when will the next bus arriveD. you like to eat what11.Excu
17、se me, can I interview Mr. Miller this afternoon?A moment, please. Let me check _.A. if Mr. Miller will be freeB. when will Mr. Miller have timeC. if Mr. Miller had an appointmentD. when does Mr. Miller come back12. What did your granddaughter say just now?She wondered _.A. what time was itB. whethe
18、r the book was written by Mark TwainC. how could she use the MP4D. when she will have a final test13. I wonder if he _ this weekend. If he _, Ill let you know.A. will com/will come B. will come/ comes C. comes/ comes D. comes/ will come14.Whatever he does, he will tell his mother. honest boy he is!A
19、. How an B. How a C. What an D. What a15. _ exciting the good news is!A. What B. What an C. How D. How a16. Excuse me, can I interview Mr White?A moment, please. Let me check _.A. if Mr White will be free B. when will Mr White have timeC. if Mr White was busy D. when does Mr White come back17. I don
20、t think Maths is easy.A. that B. if C. whether D. why18. In the UK, a woman usually doesnt like to be asked _.A. whether has she got marriedB. what is her ageC. where does she come form D. how much she weighs19. It is reported that an earthquake hit New Zealand on February 22nd, 2011._ terrible news
21、!A. How a B. What a C. How D. What20. （2016 福建省福州中考）_ angry Kangkang looks!What happened?He found his mother reading his diary when he returned home yesterday.A. How B. What C. What anII. 完形填空。 The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence.Thats an old 1 in English. It means other places of
22、ten look better, more interesting than the place 2 you live. Some people worry 3 young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring Chinese culture and, instead, 4 Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating western holidays. Foreign books and
23、soap operas are good, 5 Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can 6 have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with Mid-Autumn Festival. And lets not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: 7 fr
24、iendliness. Not all countries are as 8 as China. Its good to enjoy other cultures and to learn 9 them, but they cannot replace your own culture. Its good to look on the other side of the fence, but 10 you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isnt always greener on the other side of th
25、e fence. 1. A. sayingB. words C. voiceD. talk 2. A. whyB. when C. whereD. how3. A. if B. thatC. what D. whether4. A. buyB. refusingC. refused D. buying 5. A. but B. so C. or D. because6. A. always B. everC. still D. never7. A. it B. theyC. its D. their 8. A. warmer B. warmC. cold D. colder9. A. form
26、B. withC. toD. over10. A. make upB. make sureC. make up ofD. be sure to III. 阅读理解。A Different countries celebrate the New Year in different ways. Many countries still follow the lunar calendar(阴历), meaning that their new year often starts in late January or in February. New Year celebrations for som
27、e countries (like China, Vietnam, and Korea) last not one day, but up to two weeks! In the US, many people attend New Year parties.They drink, dance, and cheer at midnight. In the southern US, many people eat black-eyed peas for good luck in the new year. In Mexico and Venezuela, many people wear re
28、d or yellow for good luck. In Brazil, people wear white clothes for good luck, and in China, they wear red clothes and give children red envelopes with money in them. In Iran, people wear brand new clothes on the first day of the New Year. In Scotland, people open the front door at midnight to let i
29、n the New Year, and open the back door to let out the old year. In Switzerland, people kiss each other three times at midnight. In Japan, they ring a bell 108 times to get rid of(除掉) the 108 bad desires. In Korea they ring a bell 33 times for 33 old soldiers(士兵).1. New Year celebrations last up to t
30、wo weeks in some countries except _. A. KoreaB. Brazil C. VietnamD. China2. People in _ wear red for good luck. A. Brazil and China B. Brazil and VenezuelaC. Mexico and China D. Iran and Venezuela3. People in Switzerland kiss each other _ times at midnight of New Year. A. three B. eight C. ten D. th
31、irteen4. People in Scotland _ at midnight of New Year. A. eat black-eyed peas B. ring a bell many timesC. wear white clothes for good luck D. open the front and back door 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. There are many different countries in the world.B. People like to do different things
32、 at midnight of New Year.C. Different countries celebrate the New Year in different ways.D. People like to wear different clothes to celebrate New Year.I. 单项选择。1.D【解析】考查宾语从句。由答语At the end of July. 可知是询问时间，故选D。3.B【解析】句意：这场比赛是如此的激动人心。对手真的很强。你说得对。但我相信我们的球队会赢得！if是否，引导由一般疑问句变来的宾语从句；that引导由陈述句变来的宾语从句；whet
33、her是否，引导由一般疑问句变来的宾语从句；why引导由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句。结合语境可知该选B。4.B【解析】句意：你在美国的经历多不寻常啊！ Unusual的第一个音素是元音音素。结合句意，故选B。5.C【解析】考查感叹句。what引导中心词为名词的感叹句，how引导中心词是形容词或副词的感叹句。感叹句中program为单数可数名词，前面需要用What an。句意：你认为中国好声音这个节目怎么样？很棒的节目啊！许多人都喜欢看呢。故选C。6.D【解析】考查宾语从句。在主从复合句中，宾语从句必须是陈述句语序，故排除A、C两项。B项你何时去度假；D项这附近是否有好的饭店。根据答语句意是的，在
34、中心大街上有一家判断答案选D。学*科网7.A【解析】本题考查宾语从句的连接词的用法。由答句中但是今天有雾可知我不能肯定高速公路是否不久后会被关闭。whether是否；when何时；how如何；why为什么。根据句意应选A。8.D【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。根据语境可知，此处表示但是我不确定是否会下雨，故用whether引导。故本题选D。10.A【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，先排除B、C两项：D项中的what应放在句首，排除D项。故选A。11.A【解析】本题考查宾语从句用法。根据宾语从句要用陈述句语序，先排除B、D两项；再根据上句中的时间状语this afternoon可
35、以确定宾语从句要用将来时态，故选A。12.B【解析】句意：刚才你的孙女说什么了？她想知道这本书是不是马克吐温写的。这里考查的是宾语从句，这个从句在句中放在wonder 的后面做宾语。我们知道，宾语从句中应该用陈述语序，故可先排除A和C；句中wondered 使用的是一般过去时，故宾语从句中也应该用过去时态，故D不对，选B。13.B【解析】句意：我不知道这周末他是否会来，如果他来，我会让你知道的。本题的第一句if引导的是宾语从句，遇到将来时要用将来结构will+动词原形；本题的第二句if引导的是条件状语从句，遇到将来不用将来时，可用一般现在时来代替将来时，主语为单数第三人称，come应该用com
36、es，所以本题选B。14.C【解析】句意：无论做什么事，他都会告诉他的妈妈。他是多么诚实的孩子啊！感叹句结构：what （a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语；how +形容词+主语+谓语，因为honest的第一个因素是元音音素，故用an修饰，故选C。15.C【解析】句意：这好消息是多么激动人心啊！感叹句的构成：How+形容词+主语+谓语，What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语，What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+主语+谓语，所以选C。17.A【解析】句意：我认为数学不是容易的。that那；if如果；是否；whether是否；why为什么。很显然宾语从句Maths is
37、easy是由陈述句变来的，故用that作引导词。所以选A。18.D【解析】在英国，一个女人通常不喜欢被人问她的体重。主句用一般现在时，后面的宾语从句可用所需要的任何时态，而且宾语从句一般用陈述语气，故选D。19.D【解析】句意：据报道，新西兰在2011年2月22号发生一场地震。多可怕的消息啊！感叹句结构：What + (a/an) + adj. + n. +（主语+谓语） How + adj./adv. + (主语+谓语）！因为news是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词修饰，故选D。20. A【解析】考查感叹句的用法。句意：康康看起来是多么的生气! 发生了什么事情？他昨天回到家时发现他的妈妈正在看他的日记。感叹句一般有两种结构：what +(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！名词是复数或不可数名词，不加a/an.how+形容词+主语+谓语！根据该句感叹的是形容词angry，故选A。II. 完形填空。15 ACBDA 610 DCBABIII. 阅读理解。15 BCADC12
