1、Unit 2 Sports and FitnessLesson 1 The Underdog 学习目标掌握本节语法限定性定语从句中关系代词which和that的基本用法。语法指导一、知识点1：关系代词的基本概述1、定语从句的定义：在复合句中修饰或限定主句中某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句，它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。限制性定语从句与先行词之间的关系非常密切，从句说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况。限制性定语从句不能省略，否则句意就不完整。引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。2、关系词的作用：连接主句和从句；指代先行词；在从句3、关系词的分类：关系代词：that，which，who，
2、whom，whose，as（本单元讲前五个的用法）；关系副词；when，where，why。二、知识点2：关系代词的基本用法关系代词用于替代指人或物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。1、who 指人，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。（who在从句中作主语）He is the man who I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见到的人。（who在从句中作宾语）2、whom指人，在定语从句中只作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。若whom前有介词，则不能用who代替，也
3、不可省略。Rose is the person (whom/who) you should look after. 罗丝是你应该照顾的人。When I have trouble, he is the only one to whom I can go for help.当我有困难时，他是我唯一可以求助的人。3、whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那个人的车坏了，他们冲过去帮忙。4、which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语或者宾语。作宾语时一般可省略。China is a c
4、ountry which as a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。（which在从句中作主语）The package (which) you are carrying is about to fall.你拿的包快掉了。（which在从句中作宾语）5、that 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时一般可省略。指人时一般可用who替代，指物时一般可用which替代。The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人
5、数达一百万。（that/who在从句中作主语）The chair (that/which) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修。（that/who在从句中作宾语）三、知识点3：关系代词的选择两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which：The current, which is very rapid, makes the river dangerous. 水流湍急，使这条河很危险。He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt lik
6、e. 他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season. 伦敦队上一个季度打得很好，这个季度却打得很差。2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which：She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她。The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。Th
7、is morning some port wine came, for which I have to thank you. 今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒，为此我得向你道谢。注：有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构：He had only the long nights in which he couldstudy. =He had only the long nights in which tostudy. 他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。He had a couple of revolvers with which he could defend hi
8、mself. = He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。3. 当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that：All that she lacked was training. 她缺的只是训练。Have you everything that you need? 你需要的东西都有了吗?The sleeping mans subconscious mi
9、nd retained everything that was said around him. 这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents. 她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that：This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原
10、话。5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that：This is the best dictionary that Ive ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that：China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that：They tal
11、ked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。8. 当要避免重复时：Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？知识巩固：1. Do you still remember the museum _ we visited three months ago?A. where B. when C. which D. what2.How are things going, Mr. White?Well, they have set out to
12、 deal with the present situation_ deserves their immediate attention.A. whose B. who C. where D. which3. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.A. when B. whereC. whichD. whom4. What surprised me was not what he said but the way _ he said it.A. that B. in
13、that C. what D. where5. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A. whoseB. whyC. whereD. which6. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whomC. of whose D. whose7. It wasnt easy having my friends talk about their freshman years_ I wasnt a pa
14、rt of.A. whom B. when C. that D. what8.Parents child was newly born might get a paper cut of children for present.A. who B. whom C. whose D. which9. This letter was returned because the person it was addressed died three years ago.A.to whom B.to which C. which D. whom10.The man and the horse_ fell i
15、nto the river were drowned.A. which B. whoC. of which D. that答案以及解析1.答案：C解析：考查定语从句关联词搭配。A在地方；B在时候；C指代人或物；D指代物，表示东西，本句为定语从句，从句中visited缺宾语，用which，句意：你还记得我们三个月前参观的博物馆吗？故选C2.答案：D解析：句意:事情进展的怎么样,珍妮？他们已经开始着手处理目前的现状,他们认为这值得引起他们的注意,下文中先行词the present situation为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语,指物,故引导词用which,选D。3.答案：C解析：句意：最后他到达了一个
16、完全与外部世界隔绝的孤岛上。句中的先行词a lonely island在后面的定语从句中作主语, 故用which引导。因先行词是地点名词短语a lonely island, 学生很容易误选where来引导定语从句而不去分析先行词在句中所作的成分。故选C。 4.答案：A解析：此处先行词是the way，其后的关系词可用in which，which或that，故选A。句意：使我感到惊讶是不是他所说的而是他说话的方式。5.答案：A解析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词,这对夫妻的孩子很吵,children和couple是所属关系,故用whose作定语,相当于the children
17、 of whom,故选A。 6.答案：D解析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是anyone,关系代词whose指代先行词在句中放在family的前面做定语,句意:他的父母不让他嫁给任何一个家庭贫穷的人。故D正确。7.答案：C解析：考查定语从句。句意为：想让我的朋友们谈谈我没有参与过的他们的大一生活并不容易。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中介词 “of”后面缺少宾语，且定语从句的先行词为“their freshman years”，指物。故选C。8.答案：C解析：考查定语从句。句意为：孩子刚出生的父母可能会得到一张孩子的剪纸作为礼物。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句。先行词“Parents” 与“child”之问构成所属关系，因此用whose引导该从句, 意为“的”。故C项正确。9.答案：A解析：考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。注意此题中的介词搭配：address a letter to sb.把信寄给某人。10.答案：D解析：人和物作先行词引导定语从句用that。
