1、Unit 1 Lough out loudSection B Learning about Language学习目标掌握本节生词及语法。词汇运用1._ 指的是；参考；涉及refer to._ 把称作2.with essential information _3.make sense _ 毫无意义_ 搞清楚的意思4.be separated _ 被分离be separated _ 与/同分离5.achieve a positive state of mind = achieve a positive mind _6. way to do sth.=way_ sth. 做某事的方法7._ a he
2、althy mind 保持健康的心态8. go (out ) for a walk _9. _在乡间；在乡村10. _ the beautiful views 欣赏美景11. _如果是这样的话；要是这样12. look around _13. _a second chance应该再得到一个机会14. _ 为什么愁眉苦脸？/为什么板着脸？/为何闷闷不乐？（口语中的省略句）15.fall over _16. laughing stock _17. crack a smile _18. grin from ear to ear _19. laugh ones head _大笑不止；狂笑不已20. b
3、e all _满面笑容语法解析非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，顾名思义，就是对先行词没有特别限制的定语从句。除了that和why不能引导之外（在非限制性定语从句中，that用who或which代替，why用for which 代替），所有其他关系词如 who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where等均可引导。1. 非限制性定语从句的基本特征非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。翻译时常常不译作定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子，或者状语从句。
4、Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，是关于第二次世界大战的。My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometres from here.我的父母住我的家乡，离这里大约30公里。Milla, who is a distant relative of mine, studies in the Yale now.米拉是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在在耶鲁学习。The house, where a murde
5、r case happened last year, has got a lovely garden.那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园，去年那栋房子里发生过一起谋杀案。2.非限制性定语从句的使用情况（1） 先行词指代明确时，如专有名词和独一无二的事物。Karl Marx, who was born in Germany, was a great philosopher.卡尔马克思出生于德国，是一位伟大的哲学家。（2） 当出现some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/half+of+which/whom等结构时。There are many badges on the t
6、able, most of which are new.桌子上有很多徽章，大部分都是新的。（3） 先行词指的是某人只有一个的亲属（son, daughter, father, mother, wife等）时。比较：I have an elder brother, who works in Beijing.我有一个哥哥，他在北京工作。（只有一个哥哥）I have an elder brother who works in Beijing. 我有一个在北京工作的哥哥。（可能有几个哥哥，其中一个在北京工作）（4） 关系词指代整个主句的内容时。In the presence of so many pe
7、ople he was a little tense, which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点儿紧张，这是可以理解的。3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句得区别区别从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与整个句子得关系密切，若去掉会影响句子意义的完整松散；只是补充说明，去掉后不影响句子意义的表达逗号的运用不用逗号一般用逗号that 和why 可用that或者why不可用that或者whywhich和who 在从句种作宾语时可否省略可省略不可省略whom在从句种作宾语时可否用that或who代替可代替不可代替可否修饰整个句子不可可修饰整个句子，用逗号隔开，由whic
8、h或者as引导翻译时的区别常译作定语常译作并列句，或状语从句4.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词（1）which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。I bought a novel yesterday, which was written by Han Han. 我昨天买了一本小说，是韩寒写的。（2）who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。My father, who has curly hair, is an excellent cook.我的父亲有一头卷发，他是个很棒的厨师。（3）whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。This is Peter, whom you havent met befo
9、re.这是彼得，你以前没见过他。（4）whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.这个男孩学习很努力，他的爸爸是一位工程师。The play, whose style is rigidly formal, is typical of the period.这个剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。（5） as既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.他忘了带笔
10、，这是常有的事。（as在从句中作主语）As we all know, water is essential for life.我们都知道，水是生命所必需的。（as在从句中作宾语）5 引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词（1）where在定语从句中作地点状语。They went to London, where they stayed for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿待了六个月。（2）when在定语从句中作时间状语。He will put off the picnic until May 1st,when he will be free. 他将把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。6
11、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别（1） as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词是整个主句。从句可位于主句前或主句后，也可位于主句中间。as引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度或评论，as仍具有“正如，像”等意思。 As is mentioned above, the number of students in high schools is increasing. 正如上面所提到的，高中学生的数量在增加。 Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。 He is absorbed in hi
12、s work, as he often was.他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。（2） which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容。which引导的定语从句通常位于主句的后面。which引导的定语从句对主句叙述的内容进行补充说明，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well.她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。He tore up my photo, which upset me.他把我的照片撕了，这使我很恼火。练习：1. John
13、 invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.2. The children, all of _ had played all day long, were worn out. 3. The newly-built cafe, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.4. My friend showed me round the town
14、, _ was very kind of him. 5. She brought her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.6. The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of _ were made of small diamonds.7. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, of _ New York is an example. 8. The growing speed of a p
15、lant is influenced by a number of factors, most of _ are beyond our control.答案：词汇运用：1.refer to; as 2.含有重要信息 3.有意义，讲得通；make no sense 4.by;from 5.拥有积极得心态 6.of doing 7.maintain 8.出去散步 9.in the countryside 10.enjoy 11.if so 12.向四周看；游览 13.deserve 14.Why the long face 15.跌倒，摔倒；绊了一跤 16.笑料，笑柄 17.笑了起来 18.咧着嘴笑 19.off 20.smiles语法解析：1.whom 2.whom 3.which 4.which 5.whom 6.which 7.which 8.which
