1、外研版英语八（上）Module 9 Population知识点详解重点词句总览Unit 1 The population of China is about 1.37 billion.单词卡片名词：noise, notes, report, problem, increase, birth动词：prepare, grow, cause, increase形容词：huge数词：billion, fifth短语归纳the population of的人口；preparefor为准备；talk about谈论；such as例如；too much太多；in the world世界上；one fift
2、h五分之一；hang on a minute稍等一会儿；write down写下，记下；in the future在将来，在未来；at the start of 在的开始；at the end of在结束时/的尽头；make notes记笔记；too many 太多；more than超过，多于。句型再现1. Im preparing some notes for a report called “Our growing population”. 我正在为一篇叫作“我们持续增长的人口”的报告准备一些笔记。2. Beijing is a huge city with a large popula
3、tion. 北京是一座人口众多的大城市。3. Do you know how many babies are born every minute in the world? 你知道世界上每分钟有多少个婴儿出生吗？4. I cant believe it! 我无法相信！5. Hang on a minute! 等一会儿！Unit 2 Arnwick was a city with 200，000 people. & Unit 3单词卡片名词：flat, rubbish, pupil, pollution, service动词：solve 形容词：quiet, local, public短语归纳U
4、nit 2 ：live in 居住在；close to靠近；move to搬到；close down（永久）关闭，关停；have to必须，不得不；in fact事实上，实际上；all over the world全世界；the sameas和一样；make efforts to do sth. 努力做某事。Unit 3：notany more不再；pay for为付款/赔偿；as a result结果；die from死于。句型再现1. People from Parkville moved to Arnwick to find jobs, and they needed places to
5、 live. 人们从帕克维尔到阿恩威克找工作，他们需要住的地方。2. It takes an hour to get there by bus. 乘公交车去那里要有一个小时。3. It is clear that Arnwick needs more schools, buses and hospitals. 很明显，阿恩威克需要更多的学校、公交车和医院。4. But it describes what is happening all over the world. 但是，它描述了世界各地正在发生的事情。模块语法冠词和数词(详见模块语法详解)交际用语1. 询问人口的句型：Whats the
6、population of?=How large is the population of? 的人口是多少？The population ofis的人口是。has a population of有人口。2. 表示不敢相信的句型：I cant believe it. 我无法相信！ 3. 表示让对方稍等的句型：Hang on a minute! 等一会儿！4. 表示赞同对方观点的句型：Great! 太棒了！模块写作学会根据所学内容，描述人口过剩或水资源短缺等对环境造成的影响，激发并唤起学生的忧患意识，并培养学生在实际生活中提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的努力。Unit 1 The populatio
7、n of China is about 1.37billion.(A2).【知识点再现】Whats the population of Beijing? About 20 million. 北京有多少人口？大约两千万。知识点1population 是不可数名词，意为“(某一地区的)人口，全体居民”。其用法如下：population是集体名词，没有复数形式，当它作主语，表示整体概念时，其后的谓语动词用单数。如表示个体概念，它前面有百分数或分数时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：The population of the world is growing too fast. 世界人口增长过快。About
8、 80 percent of the population of China are peasants. 中国约百分之八十的人口是农民。询问某国、某地有多少人口时，需用特殊疑问词“What”或“How large/big”。而不用how many 或how much。其句型为：“What+be+the population of+地点？”或“How large/big+be+the population of+地点？”这两个句型中的be动词须用单数。如：Whats the population of America?=How large is the population of America
9、? 美国的人口是多少？Whats the population of Hong Kong?=How large is the population of Hong Kong? 香港有多少人口？知识点2million是数词，意为“百万”。它的用法如下：当表示“确切的数量（确数）”时用“具体的基数词million”结构，million用单数形式，后面不能接介词of；当表示大概的数量（概数）时，million用复数，后跟of, 构成“millions of”结构，意为“数以百万计的；成百万上千万的”。如：There are two million people living in this city
10、. 这座城市居住着两百万人。Millions of people visit the Great Wall every year. 每年，数百万人参观长城。【拓展】与million有相同用法的数词还有：hundred(百)，thousand(千)，billion(十亿)。(A3).【知识点再现】Im preparing some notes for a report called “Our growing population”. 我正在为一篇叫作“我们持续增长的人口”的报告准备一些笔记。知识点3prepare是动词，意为“准备；预备”，其用法如下：prepare+名词或代词。如：He has
11、 prepared his lessons. 他已备好课了。prepare+双宾语(间接宾语和直接宾语) 。如：My mother is preparing us a meal.=My mother is preparing a meal for us. 我的妈妈正在为我们做饭。prepare+动词不定式短语。如：They are busy preparing to go on vacation. 他们正忙着准备去度假。We prepare to go fishing next weekend.下周末我们准备去钓鱼。prepare for+名词短语，意为“为做准备”，相当于get ready
12、for；preparefor意为“为准备”。如： The students are busy preparing for the midterm examination. 学生们正忙于为期中考试做准备。Please prepare the table for the dinner. 请摆好桌子吃饭。He is preparing a dinner for his friends. 他正在为他的朋友准备晚饭。They are preparing for the New Year. 他们正在为新年做准备。Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 抱最
13、大的希望，做最坏的准备知识点4notes名词复数形式，意为“笔记 随笔”；make notes意为“记笔记”。如：Students should make notes in class. 学生们应该在课堂上记笔记。知识点5report是名词，意为“报告；报道”。make a report意为“做报告”。reporter意为“记者，通讯员”。如：Li Fang is a reporter. 李芳是一个记者。知识点6a report called “Our growing population”意为“一篇叫作我们持续增长的人口的报告”。called是过去分词作定语。如：A boy called B
14、ob is my friend.一个叫做鲍勃的男孩是我的朋友。(A3).【知识点再现】Well, were in the right place to talk about that! 好吧，我们是在正确的地方讨论这个话题！知识点7【辨析】talk about，talk to 和talk with 的区别：talk about意为“谈论，讨论”，后接谈论的内容，宾语可以是人，也可以是物。如：Im busy now. Lets talk about it later. 我现在忙，让我们以后谈论它吧。Jim and Tom are talking about how to learn Englis
15、h. 吉姆和汤姆在讨论怎样学好英语。talk to sb. 与某人交谈（侧重单方主动）。如：Mr. Li is talking to his students. 李老师正在对他的学生谈话。talk with sb. 与某人交谈（侧重双方互相交流）。如：Mr. Li is talking with his students. 李老师正在跟他的学生聊天。(A3).【知识点再现】Beijing is a huge city with a large population. 北京是一座人口众多的大城市。知识点8【辨析】big，large和huge的区别：big强调比正常程度、范围及规模的标准大，常用于
16、修饰人、物或数量。反义词是little和small。如：They were all very big and strong. 他们个个高大强壮。/ China is a big country. 中国是个大国（强调实力）。large强调远远超过标准的“大”，可指“数量、容量、体积和面积的大”，比big正式，反义词是small。如：China is a large and beautiful country. 中国是个大而美丽的国家。（强调面积）Shall we go to the largest island or the smallest one? 我们去最大的岛还是去最小的岛？huge强调
17、尺寸、体积“庞大”，容量和数量“巨大”。指体积时，比large所指的体积大，但不强调重量。如：He has a huge sum of money. 他有一大笔钱。/ He lived in a huge house. 他住在一个很大的房子里。知识点9with是介词，表示伴随，意为“带有，有”。介词短语“with a large population”作后置定语，修饰“a huge city”。如：The girl with golden hair looks beautiful. 那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮。Mr. Li bought a house with a big garden. 李
18、先生买了一座拥有一个花园的大房子。知识点10large population意为“人口众多”。指人口的“多”或“少”时，不用much或little，而要用big/large或small。如：The population of Japan is much smaller. 日本的人口要少得多。The population of China is larger than that of the USA. 中国人口比美国人口多。(A3).【知识点再现】That causes a lot of problems, such as too much traffic and noise. 这造成了许多问题
19、，如交通拥挤和噪声。知识点11【辨析】such as，like和for example的区别：such as 意为“比如，例如”，常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on连用，可分开使用suchas，可和like互换。如：The shop is selling many things, such as school things, food and toys. 那个商店买许多东西，比如，学习用品，食物和玩具。He learns many subjects, such as English, math and Chinese. 他学习好多科目，比如，英语，数学和语文。Chi
20、na has many big cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and so on.=China has many such big cities as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and so on. 中国有许多大城市，比如北京、上海、深圳等等。like介词，意为“像；例如”，表示列举，相当于such as。如：Mr. Li keeps animals, like dogs, pigs and sheep on the farm. 李先生在农场养像狗、猪和绵羊之类的动物。I like many kinds o
21、f sports, like basketball, table tennis and volleyball. 我喜欢多种运动，比如篮球、乒乓球和排球。for example意为“比如，例如”，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末。如：For example，air is invisible. 例如，空气是看不见的。Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution. 举例说明，噪音就是一种污染。Many people here, for example, John, would rather have coffee
22、. 这里有许多人，例如约翰很喜欢喝咖啡。知识点12【辨析】too much，too many和much too的区别：too much+不可数名词，意为“太多的”。如：She spent too much money on clothes. 她花太多钱买衣服。I have too much homework to do today. 今天我有太多的家庭作业要做。too many+可数名词，意为“太多的”。如：They bought too many eggs yesterday. 昨天他们买了太多鸡蛋。 There are too many people in the shop on Sund
23、ay. 周日商店里有太多的人。much too+形容词/副词，意为“太”。如：You are walking much too fast. Slow down. 你走的太快了，慢点。That dress is much too long for me. 那条连衣裙对于我来说太长了。知识点13【辨析】noise，voice和sound的区别：noise指各种噪音或吵闹声。noise (n.) 噪音；noisy(adj.)吵闹的；make noise发出噪音。如：We were woken up by noises in the night. 我们夜间被喧闹声吵醒了。 Will you pleas
24、e make less noise, boys and girls? 孩子们能不能小点声？He enjoys the country life, away from city noise. 他喜欢远离城市喧闹的乡村生活。 voice指人的说话声、歌声或欢笑声，也可以指电台声音、鸟叫声等。如：I recognized her voice at once when he phoned. 他打电话时，我一下子就认出了他的声音。 Dont speak in such a high voice. 说话声音不要这么大。/ Do you often listen to the Voice of Americ
25、a? 你经常听美国之音吗？sound指人能听到的任何声音，包括大的、小的、好听的、难听的、有意义的和无意义的声音。如： Sound travels more slowly than light. 声音比光传播得慢。/ We couldnt hear a sound here. 在这里我们一点声音也听不到。 Though the half-opened door came the sound of many voices. 从半开着的门里面传来了很多人的说话声。(A3).【知识点再现】Population increase is a big problem in many countries.
26、人口增长在很多国家都是很大的问题。知识点14increase既可作动词，也可作名词。作名词时，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。increase在句中用作名词，意为“增大，增长”。increase既可做及物动词，意为“增大，增加，增强”；也可做不及物动词，意为“增大，增加，增强”。与increase搭配的短语：increase by+倍数/百分数，意为“增加了”。increase to+具体增长后的数字，意为“增加到”；on the increase正在增加。如：Some people voted for the tax increase. 一些人投票赞成增税。Travel increases
27、 ones knowledge of the world. 旅游增进人们对世界的了解。Foreign investments there increased five times. 那里的外国投资增加了五倍。The population of our country has increased to 1.35 billion. 我国的人口已经增加到了13.5亿。The price of food has increased by 2%。食品价格增长了2%。知识点15【辨析】problem和question的区别：problem着重指客观存在的、亟待解决的问题、困难、麻烦，尤其指棘手或难以解决的
28、问题。数学、物理等学科计算题，一般只用problem。problem常与动词 solve，settle（解决）或work out等连用。如：The problem is difficult to be solved. 这个问题很难解决。question指主观上对某事产生怀疑，提出等待回答的具体问题，着重指疑惑和不能断定的问题，有时它也可指要讨论的问题。question常与ask或answer等连用。如：May I ask you some questions? 我可以问你一些问题吗？/ You havent answered my question. 你还没有回答我的问题。(A3).【知识点再
29、现】That makes over 131.4 million births a year. 这导致每年有1，314亿个新生儿降生。知识点16make是动词，意思为“计为，相当于”。birth是名词，意思 “出生”。如：May 1st is the day of Zhou Meifangs birth. 五月一日是周梅芳出生的日子。(A3).【知识点再现】The population of China is about 1.37 billion. 中国的人口大约是13.7亿。知识点17表示某国、某城市有多少人口时，要与of连用，其句式有两种：The population of+某地+be+数词
30、。某地+has a population of+数词。有时，“有多少人口的城市”用a city with a population of来表示。如：The population of Australia is 19,400,000.=Australia has a population of 19,400,000. 澳大利亚有一千九百四十万人口。Beijing is a city with a population of more than ten million. 北京是一个有超过一千万人口的城市。This country now has a population of about 110
31、million. 这个国家现有大约1.1亿人口。(A3).【知识点再现】Thats almost one fifth of the worlds population, that is, about 7 billion. 这几乎是世界人口的五分之一，也就是说，世界人口大约70亿。知识点18one fifth意为“五分之一”。英语分数的表达法：用“基数词序数词”表示，分子在前，用基数词；分母在后，用序数词。分子是1时除用one外，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。如：Two thirds of the students have passed the exam.三分之二的学生考试及格了
32、。【拓展】1/2不能说a(one) second，而要说a(one) half。1/4和3/4可以说a(one) fourth和three fourths，但常用a quarter和three quarters表示。若它们在句子中作主语，则谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即与分数所修饰的名词保持一致。如： About three fifths of the students attend the meeting. 大约3/5的学生都参加了会议。(A3).【知识点再现】Hang on a minute! Ill write that down too! 等一会儿！我要把这一点也记下来！知识点
33、19hang on a minute是口语，意为“稍等，等等”。通常用来表示让某人等一下。hang on 意为“让某人等一下”。已学过的类似的表达还有wait a minute/moment，意为“等会儿”。如：Hang on! Ill be back in a minute. 稍等！ 我马上回来。Sallys on the other phone would you like to hang on? 萨利在接另一个电话，请您稍等一下可以吗？【拓展】hang on还是电话用语，意为“别挂电话”，与hold the line和hold on同义。如：Hang on. He is coming.
34、别挂电话。他来了。知识点20write down意为“写下，记下”。该短语是“动词+副词”构成的短语。如果它的宾语是代词要放在“动词+副词”中间，如果它的宾语是名词既可以放在“动词+副词”的中间也可以放在动词和副词的后面。类似“动词+副词”构成的短语：put on 穿上；take away 拿走；turn on 打开；ring up 给打电话；turn off 关上；take off 脱下；look up查找/阅；try on试穿；put away放好等；pick up拾起，捡起，拿起。如：Please write down your name.=Please write your name
35、down. 请写下你的名字。Id like to write down what the teacher said.我想把老师说的记下来。/ Please write them down. 请把它们记下来。(A3).【知识点再现】But in the future, Chinas population wont grow so fast, because families are getting smaller. 但是在未来，中国的人口不会这么快地增长了，因为家庭变小了。知识点21【辨析】in the future和in future的区别：in the future 意为“将来”，一般指真正
36、意义上的将来，常指包括in future在内的较远的将来一段时间。Who knows what will happen in the future? 谁知道将来会发生什么事？The boy wants to become a philosopher in the future. 这个男孩想在将来成为一名哲学家。in future=from now on 意为“今后，以后”，一般指从现在开始到今后，常指离现在较近的一段将来时间。Dont do that in future. 以后别再干那种事了。/ Youd better not go out alone in future. 今后最好别单独外出
37、。(A4).【知识点再现】Birth happens at the start/at the end of life. “出生”发生在生命开始时/结束时。知识点22【辨析】at the end of和by the end of的区别：at the end of意思是“在尽头（末端）”，后面可接地点或时间名词，通常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用。如： He came back at the end of March. 他是三月底回来的。 You will find the hospital at the end of the road. 在路的尽头，你将会找到那家医院。 by the end of
38、意思是“到为止”，仅指时间，指某一动作在某时间点以前或到某一时间段为止就已发生或完成，多用于过去完成时。若后面接的是将来时间，句子要用将来时态。如： We had learned six units by the end of last week. 到上周末为止，我们已学了六个单元。 A UN report says that the world population will pass six billion by the end of the twentieth century. 一份联合国报告说到20世纪末世界人口将超过六十亿。(A5).【知识点再现】英语数词的表达：知识点23英语数词的
39、表达：十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”。如：28：twenty-eight; 96-ninety-six。百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and。如：136：one hundred and thirty-six; 601：six hundred and one。1000以上的数字（即多位数），从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。如：1, 172, 651读作：one million, one hundred and seventy-two thousand six hundred and fifty-one。33, 333, 303, 330 读作：thirty-three billion, three hundred and thirty-three million, three hundred and three thousand three hund and thirty
