1、外研版英语八（下）Module 8 Time off知识点详解重点词句梳理Unit 1 I can hardly believe were in the city centre.单词卡片名词：sights用复数风景，名胜；waste浪费，滥用。动词：waste浪费，滥用。形容词：thirsty渴的。副词：hardly几乎不，几乎没。短语归纳time off休假；sothat如此，以至于；hear sb. doing sth.听见某人正在做某事；in the city centre在市中心；be famous for因而著名；take up占去(时间或空间)；climb up爬上；point o
2、ut指出，指明；go for a swim去游泳；allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；at the top of在的顶端；come on加油，打起精神。句型再现1. Its so quiet that I can even hear the birds singing! 这里这么安静，我甚至能听鸟在叫！2. This park is famous for its lake, bridges and the ancient buildings on the hill. 这个公园以湖、桥和山上的古建筑而著名。3. Lets walk along the lake, cross
3、the bridge and climb up the hill. 让我们沿着湖走一走，过桥去爬山。4. I dont think they allow people to swim in the lake. 我认为他们不允许人们在湖里游泳。5. I think its better to have our picnic at the top of the hill. 我认为在山顶野餐会更好。Unit 2 We thought somebody was moving about. & Unit 3 Language in use.单词卡片名词：kilometre千米，公里；shape外形，形状
4、；human人；path小路，路径。动词：wake唤醒，醒来；pull(用手)拉，牵，扯。形容词：square(表示面积单位)平方的；freshwater淡水的。 代词：somebody某人，有人。副词：about向四周，向各处。短语归纳Unit 2：promise to do sth.答应/许诺做某事；have a wonderful time玩得高兴，过得愉快；square kilometre平方千米；look like看起来像；by a small lake在一个小湖边；wake sb. up唤醒某人；move about走来走去；四处走动；come out出来；make noise制造
5、噪音；look for寻找；hope to do sth.希望做某事；walk down沿着向下走；pulloff从摘下来，把扯下来；freshwater lake淡水湖；be back home回到家。Unit 3：get lost迷路；stay together待在一起；go on a trip去旅行；agree on 就达成一致；do sightseeing去观光；notany more不再；in the middle of在的中间；fall asleep入睡，睡着；at the top在顶上；come along在一起；be careful 小心；be popular with受的欢迎
6、。句型再现Unit 2：1. Its famous for the strange shape of its tall rocks. 它以巨大岩石的而著称。2. It woke everybody up. 它吵醒了每个人。3. We thought somebody was moving about. 我们认为有人在走动。4. We came out without making any noise, and found it was just a hungry monkey looking for food.我们一声不响地出来了，发现只是一只饥饿的猴子在觅食。5. I pulled a le
7、af off a plant, but Linglings uncle said that it was wrong to pull leaves off plants and that we should protect everything here. 我从一株植物上拽下了一片叶子，但玲玲的叔叔说从植物上拽叶子是不对的，我们应该保护这里的一切。6. Tomorrow were going to Dongting Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China.明天我们要去洞庭湖，中国第二大淡水湖。模块语法that引导的宾语从句（详见模块语
8、法详解）交际用语谈论旅行1. Whats the weather like there? 那儿的天气怎么样？2. Whats the most famous thing to see? 可观赏的最著名的事物是什么？3. Welcome to Beihai Park! 欢迎来到北海公园！4. Have a good time! / Enjoy yourself! 玩得开心！5. He wants to go to a big city and do sightseeing. 他想去大城市观光。6. How did you find the trip? 你觉得的旅行怎么样？模块写作介绍旅游景点（详
9、见模块主题写作）Unit 1 I can hardly believe were in the city centre. (A3).【知识点再现】Here we are. 就是这儿了。【知识点1】here we are意为“就是这儿了；我们到了”，是表达到某地的固定句式。如：Here we are. Lets take some photos here. 我们到了。让我们在这儿照些相片吧。【拓展】here you are意为“给你”。如：- Could you lend your bike to me? 你能把你的自行车借给我吗？ - Here you are. 给你。(A3).【知识点再现】
10、Welcome to Beihai Park. 欢迎来到北海公园。【知识点2】welcome to+地点。意为“欢迎来到某地”，welcome是感叹词，意为“欢迎”，介词to表示方向，用于对刚刚到达的人表示欢迎。welcome to后跟地点副词home, here, there时，介词to要省略。如：Welcome to Guilin. 欢迎来到桂林。/ Welcome here/home. 欢迎来这里/回家。【拓展】welcome用作动词，意为“欢迎，迎接”；welcome用作名词，意为“欢迎，迎接”，常用搭配为give sb. awelcome=give awelcome to sb. 意
11、为“欢迎某人”；welcome还可以用作形容词，意为“受欢迎的，不必感谢的”。如：Ill welcome the guests at the gate. 我将在门口迎接客人。（用作动词）They give us a warm welcome.= They give a warm welcome to us. 他们热烈地欢迎我们。（用作名词）Hes a welcome teacher. 他是一位受欢迎的老师。/ - Thank you. 谢谢你。- Youre welcome. 不用谢。（用作形容词）(A3).【知识点再现】Its so quiet here that I can even he
12、ar the birds singing! 这里安静得我甚至能听见鸟叫的声音。【知识点3】sothat意为“如此，以至于”，引导结果状语从句。so后跟形容词或副词原形，that引导结果状语从句。常见句型如下：so+形容词/副词+that从句；so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句；so+many/few+可数名词复数+that从句；so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句（但little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时，用such）。如：I was so tired that I slept in this chair. 我太累了，在椅子上睡着了。He is so go
13、od a student that we all like him. 他是如此好的一个学生以至于我们都喜欢他。Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over. 我跌倒多次，弄得全身青一块紫一块。There was so much noise outside that we couldnt hear the teacher. 外面嘈杂声很大，以至于我们不能听到老师的话。Mr. White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul togethe
14、r.怀特先生一个月挣的钱如此少，以致于难以维持活命。 It is such a little sheep that it cant run fast. 它是一只如此小的绵羊，以至于它跑不快。【拓展1】suchthat意为“如此, 以至于”，引导结果状语从句。such后跟修饰名词，that引导结果状语从句。常见句型如下：“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”；such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数。如：It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 这个盒子太重了没有人能够搬动它。Its such an interesting story
15、 that everybody likes reading it. 这是一个如此有趣的故事，大家都喜欢读它。It was such fine weather that they all went swimming. 那是个好天气，他们都去游泳了 。They are such good teachers that all the students like them. 他们是如此好的老师，以至于学生都喜欢他们。【拓展2】suchthat和 sothat有时可以换用，条件是 such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词，且该名词前还带有表性质的形容词。转换公式如下：such a/an+形容词+名词；
16、so+形容词+a/an+名词。但是如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词，则只能用 such而不能用 so修饰。如：He is such a good student that we all like him. 他是这样的一个好学生以至于我们都喜欢他。=He is so good a student that we all like him. 他是如此好的一个学生以至于我们都喜欢他。It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home. 天气如此糟糕，他不得不呆在家里。【拓展3】sothat句型与tooto及enough to句型的转换：He is t
17、oo young to go to school. 他太年幼了以至于不能上学。=He isnt old enough to go to school. 他的年纪还没有大到足以上学。=He is so young that he cant go to school. 他是如此的年幼，以至于他不能上学。【拓展4】so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，目的是，为了”。so that后面的从句中谓语动词用may, can, should等情态动词。如：He got up very early so that he could catch the train. 他起得很早以便能赶上火车。so th
18、at引导结果状语从句，意为“以致”。如：He raised his voice, so that everyone heard him. 他提高了嗓音, 因此大家都听见了。【知识点4】【辨析】hear sb. doing sth.与hear sb. do sth. 的用法辨析：hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听见某人正在做某事”。强调动作正在进行。此处是现在分词作宾语补足语。类似用法的有see/watch/notice/feel sb. doing sth.等。如：I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。（动作正在发生）I h
19、eard someone singing in the next room. 我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌。（动作正在发生）hear sb. do sth. 意为“听见某人做某事”。强调听见了事情的全过程或动作经常发生，是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。类似用法的有see/watch/notice/feel sb. do sth.等。如：I heard him go out. 我听到他出去了。（听见动作的全过程）We often hear him sing this song. 我们经常听到他唱这首歌。（唱歌的动作经常发生）(A3).【知识点再现】I can hardly believe we
20、re in the city centre. 我几乎不敢相信我们是在市中心。【知识点5】hardly作副词，意为“几乎不，几乎没”，相当于almost not，常用于系动词、助动词、情态动词(can/could)之后，实义动词之前，表达否定的意思。如：HecanhardlyspeakEnglish. 他几乎不会说英语。We can hardly hear the traffic in the streets. 我们几乎听不到街上车辆(的噪音)。I can hardly express my gratitude to you for your help. 对于你的帮助，我几乎难以表达我的谢意。【
21、辨析】hardly与hard的用法辨析：hardly意为“几乎不，几乎没”，是否定意义的副词。常与ever, any, anything, anyone, anybody等词连用；通常用在句中实义动词之前，助动词、be动词或情态动词之后。如：I can hardly finish the work in a day. 我不可能一天内完成这项工作。I can hardly believe were in the city centre. 我几乎不相信我们在市中心。She can hardly see the words on the blackboard. 他几乎不能看见黑板上的字。hard用作
22、形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；用作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。如：He lives a hard life. 他过着艰苦的生活。（形容词）The ice is hard enough to skate on. 这冰很硬，可以在上面滑。（形容词）You must work hard. 你必须努力工作。（副词）【拓展】hardly为否定副词，用于反义疑问句时，附加疑问部分用肯定形式。hardly位于句首时用倒装句。如：He hardly laughed, did he? 他几乎没有笑，对吗？Hardly can he see anything. 他几乎什么也看不见。(A3).【知识点再现
23、】This park is famous for its lake, the bridge and the ancient buildings on the hill. 公园因湖，桥和山上的古代建筑而著名。【知识点6】【辨析】be famous for，be famous as与be famous to的用法辨析：be famous for意为“因而出名/著名/闻名”，后接出名的原因，相当于be well-known for。表示人“以某种知识技能、作品或特征而出名”；表示某地“以某种特产或特征而出名”；表示某事物“因其内容、特征、价值等而被人而所知”。如：He is famous for h
24、is fine acting. 他以演技精湛而出名。France is famous for his fine food and wine. 法国的美食和酒是出了名的。This grammar book is famous for its practical usage. 这本语法书以其实用性而被人所知。be famous as意为“作为而出名/著名/闻名”，表示人“以某种身份或职业而出名”；表示某地“作为某物的产地或某种地方而出名”；表示某事物“以某种形式而出名”。如：Lu Xun was famous as a writer. 鲁迅作为一名作家。Hangzhou is famous as
25、a tourist place. 杭州是一个旅游胜地。This book is famous as a conference book. 这本书作为参考书而出名。be famous to意为“广为人知，为所熟知”，其后的名词一般是人。如：Chairman Mao is famous to every Chinese. 毛主席的名字广为人知(中国人都知道毛主席)。(A3).【知识点再现】The lake takes up over half of the park area. 湖占据了这个公园一半多的面积。【知识点7】take up 意为“占去/据(时间、空间、注意力等)，填满”。take up
26、还有“开始从事；专注于；继续；接下去”的意思。如：The work took up all his time. 那项工作花费了他所有的时间。This desk takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。He took up art at school. 他在学校专注于艺术。When did he take up football? 他是什么时候开始踢足球的?(A3).【知识点再现】Then I can point out the sights of Beijing for you. 然后我可以为你们指出北京的景点。【知识点8】【辨析】point out，point at
27、与point to的用法辨析：point out意为“指出，指明”，表示给某人指示方向，要点或错误等。point out是“动词+副词”型短语。当point out的宾语是名词时，宾语可放在point和out的中间或out的后面；当point out的宾语是代词时，宾语只能放在point和out的中间。如：He pointed out the importance of the work. 他指出这一工作的重要性。Point out the mistakes in this sentence, please. 请指出这句话中的错误。If you see that boy, please poi
28、nt him out for me. 如果你看到那个男孩，请把他指给我看。point at 意为“指向/着(某一物体)”,侧重指的对象，表示所指对象离动作的发出者距离不远；指人时一般表示粗鲁或无礼。如：It is rude to point at a person. 指着人是失礼的。 Please point at the words and read them. 请指着单词并且读出来。The teacher is pointing at the map and saying, “Here is Beijing.” 老师指着地图说：“这是北京。” point to意为“指向”，侧重指方向，表示
29、所指的人或物与动作的发出者之间有一定的距离。如：The needle of a compass points to the north. 罗盘针指向北方。 Both the hour hand and the minute hand pointed to twelve. It was noon. 时针和分针都指着十二，是正午的时候。【知识点9】sight是可数名词，意为“风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，其前通常加定冠词the。常用搭配see the sights意为“游览名胜”。如：Do you know the sights of Hainan? 你知道海南的名胜吗？Why not see th
30、e sights together with me? 为什么不和我们一起游览名胜呢？(A3).【知识点再现】Why dont we go for a swim? 我们为什么不去游泳呢？【知识点10】“Why dont we/you+动词原形？=Why not+动词原形？”意为“为什么不呢？”用来提出看法，征求对方意见。如：Why dont you come and sit next to me?=Why not come and sit next to me? 你为什么不来紧挨着我坐呢？ Why dont we go and ask our teacher for help?=Why not
31、go and ask our teacher for help? 我们为什么不去找老师帮忙呢？【拓展】表示提出看法，征求对方意见的句型还有：We should do 我们应该做。 Lets do. 让我们做。Why not do? 为什么不做呢？ Dont forget to do. 不要忘了做。Shall we? 意为“让我们好吗？” What/How about doing? 做怎么样？Its a good idea to do .做是一个好主意。 Youd better do. 你最好做。Would you like to do? 你想要/愿意做某事吗？常用的回答是：Thats a go
32、od/great idea. / OK. / All right.(A3).【知识点再现】I don t think they allow people to swim in the lake. 我认为他们不允许人们在湖里游泳。【知识点11】当主句谓语动词是think, believe, feel, guess, expect, suppose, imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测、臆测”等心理活动的词时，并且主句的主语是第一人称时，常常使用“否定转移”结构（即把宾语从句中的否定词not转移到主句中的表达方式）。如：I don t believe he will come. 我相信他不会来
33、。【知识点12】allow作“允许”或“许可”讲，其常用搭配：allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”；allow (doing) sth.“允许(做)某事”；be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”。如：Please allow me to carry your bag. 请让我替你拿包。 My parents wont allow me to come back late. 我父母不允许我回来晚。Our teachers allow playing here. 我们的老师允许在这儿玩。They allowed smoking in this room o
34、nly. 他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。Are the students allowed to eat in the classrooms? 学生们被允许在教室里吃东西吗？Teachers are not allowed to answer mobile phones in class. 老师们不允许在课堂上接电话。(A3).【知识点再现】I think its better to have our picnic at the top of the hill. 我认为在山顶上吃野餐更好。【知识点13】its better to do sth. 意为“做某事比较好”。如：Its better to
35、 come earlier tomorrow. 明天来早一点更好。Its better to do your homework first. 先做你的作业比较好。【知识点14】【辨析】at the top of与on (the) top of的用法辨析：at the top of意为“在的顶部/端”，at后的the不可省，at只侧重“点”。如： She stands at the top of the stairs. 她站在楼梯的顶端。There stands a tall tree at the top of the mountain. 山顶上矗立着一棵大树。on (the) top of表
36、示一个东西直接放在另一个东西上面（顶部），on后的the可省略，用on侧重“面”的接触。如：The high hill has a tower on (the) top of it. 在那座高山顶上有一座塔。Youd better put these books on the top of the desk. 你最好把这些书放在桌子上面。 (A3).【知识点再现】Come on! 加油！快点！【知识点15】come on意为“加油，快点，赶快”，一般用于祈使句中，用来催促或鼓励对方等。如：Come on! Its time for class. 快点！上课的时间到了。Come on! We a
37、re going to be late. 快点！我们要迟到了。Come on, try again. 加油，再试一次。/ All the students are shouting “Come on!” 所有的学生都在大喊“加油啊！”(A3).【知识点再现】Lets not waste any more time. 我们不要再浪费时间了。【知识点16】“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分.”=“Dont+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分.”，为祈使句的否定形式。如：Let him not go. =Dont let him go. 别让他走。【知识点17】waste 意为“浪费”，可以用
38、作名词，也可以用作动词，其形容词为wasteful，意为“浪费的”。常用的句型或结构：waste time/money on/over/upon sth. 意为“在方面浪费时间（金钱）”。如：I dont think we need waste much time on this. 我想我们不必在这上面浪费时间了。Dont waste any more time over it. 不要再在这上面浪费时间了。waste time/money in/on doing sth. 意为“浪费时间（金钱）做某事”，waste之后也可接除time, money 之外的名词作宾语。如：She wasted
39、her time and money (on) paying bribes. 她将时间和金钱浪费于贿赂。We wasted a whole afternoon (in) trying to repair the car. 我们浪费了整整一下午的时间想把汽车修理好。Dont waste your efforts on helping him. 不要白费力气去帮他。Im not going to waste any more words on the subject. 我不想在这个问题上多费唇舌了。a waste of . 意为“浪费”。如：Its a waste of time to talk
40、to him. 和他谈话是白费时间。Its a waste of time to wait any longer. 再等下去是白费时间。Its wasteful to do sth. 意为“做某事是浪费的”。如：Its wasteful to throw away paper and metal. 扔掉纸和金属是浪费的。【知识点18】【辨析】notany more，no more，notany longer与no longer的用法辨析：四者均表示过去的情况“不再”发生，但用法不完全相同： notany more相当于no more指反复发生的动作的次数或动作包含的数量。如：I see him
41、 no more. (=I dont see him any more.) 我不再见到他了。（指动作的次数） He still smoked, but he drank no more. 他还在抽烟，但不再喝酒了。（指数量，意即他不再更多地喝酒了）notany longer相当于no longer与live, work, stay, support等表示持续性动作的动词搭配，强调过去的情况不再延续。如：The boy didnt stay here any longer. (=The boy no longer stayed here.) 那个男孩不再在这儿了。I dont work here
42、 any longer. (=I no longer work here.) 我不在这里工作了。（强调过去情况不再延续） (A3).【知识点再现】I hope it will be cooler up there. 但愿上面能凉快点儿。【知识点19】hope作动词，意为“希望”，表示实现的可能性很大，后接动词不定式或that从句，但是不能接“宾语+不定式（即hope sb. to do sth.）”。如：Hehopestobeadoctor. 他希望成为医生。Ihope(that)youarehappyeveryday. 我希望你天天快乐。 We hope to see you again.=We hope we can see you again. 我们希望能再次见到你。
