1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists课时素养检测一Unit 1Period 1. 阅读理解AThe advancement of human civilization is possible just because of enormous contribution made by scientists. They are one of the most influential people of todays world. With practical advantages in engineering, medicine and technology, they ha
2、ve helped us to grow better understanding about the world and different working phenomenon that governs us. Their names are remembered in the sands of time for their work in the welfare of mankind with different inventions that has made our modern lives easy. Here is a list of the four great scienti
3、sts weve ever seen who changed the world. Louis Pasteur(18221895)Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies(狂犬病), anthrax and other infectious diseases. He also invented the process of pasteurization(加热杀菌法)to make milk safer to drink. He proba
4、bly saved more lives than any other person. Otto Hahn(18791968)Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclear fission(裂变)in 1939. He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radio-chemistry, and discovered radioactive elements in 1921. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944. Nikola
5、 Tesla(18561943)Tesla worked on electromagnetism and AC current. He obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions from electricity to radio transmission, but many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection. He played a key role in the development of modern electrici
6、ty. James Clerk Maxwell(18311879)Maxwell made great progress in understanding electro-magnetism. His research in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum(量子)physics. Einstein said of Maxwell, “The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever. ”【语篇概述】本文介绍了四位伟人。四个人都是社会的重要贡献者,
7、为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。1. What contribution did Louis Pasteur make to society? A. The development of medicine. B. Radio-chemistry. C. Modern electricity. D. Quantum physics. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据“Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies, anthrax and other
8、infectious diseases. ”可知Louis Pasteur促进了医学的发展。2. Who was thought highly of by Einstein? A. Louis Pasteur. B. Otto Hahn. C. Nikola Tesla. D. James Clerk Maxwell. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“Einstein said of Maxwell, The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever. ”可知爱因斯坦对James Clerk Maxwell的评价很高。3. Wh
9、at can we infer about the four people? A. They are medical pioneers. B. They are Nobel Prize winners. C. They are great contributors to society. D. They are founders of modern physics. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知, 他们四个人都是社会的重要贡献者, 为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。BIn France, there once lived a man named Louis Pasteur, who w
10、as a doctor of science. The thing that concerned him most was the disease rabies. “I must find the rabies germs (细菌) that hide inside people and make them so sick that they die, ” he thought. “Once I find them, Ill think of a way to kill them. ”Many people thought Pasteur was wasting his time. Some
11、laughed at him and said, “Youll never do it. ”Pasteur didnt care what people thought; he believed in himself. He kept right on working. At the same time, in Germany, a boy named Joey was about to get into trouble. He was teasing (逗弄) a dog. But this dog was sick with rabies, which made the dog mad.
12、Unfortunately, the dog bit him. The rabies germs were passed from the dog to Joey. Soon the little boy was very sick. His parents could only wait. But then there was news. Joeys mother saw it and shouted for joy. “A doctor of science has found a way to save sick people like Joey! ” she said. The man
13、, of course, was Louis Pasteur. Joeys parents quickly prepared Joey for the long journey to Paris. “Dr. Pasteur, ” said the mother. “Our little boy is very sick. Can you help us? ”“Perhaps, ” said Pasteur. “Ive invented a vaccine (疫苗). It is strong enough to kill the rabies germs. Joey will be the f
14、irst person to have my rabies vaccine. ”“The first person? ” asked Joeys worried father nervously. “Will it be dangerous? Are you sure it will work? ”“I believe it will, ” said Pasteur. Slowly the vaccine killed more and more of the rabies germs. Joey began to get well. Dr. Pasteurs vaccine was a su
15、ccess! From then on no one had to be afraid of rabies anymore, and people who had laughed at him before, respected him. He is recognized as one of the worlds greatest scientists. 【语篇概述】本文是记叙文, 介绍了研制出狂犬疫苗的著名法国科学家巴斯德。4. What was peoples first reaction towards Pasteurs thoughts on killing rabies germs?
16、 A. Hopeful. B. Cheerful. C. Doubtful. D. Uncaring. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容可知, 大家对巴斯德想要消灭狂犬病病毒的事深表怀疑, 都认为他做不到。5. What happened to Joey? A. He fought with a dog. B. He drove a mad dog away. C. He killed the rabies germs. D. He got rabies unexpectedly. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He was teasing a dog. But thi
17、s dog was sick with rabies. . . from the dog to Joey. ”可知Joey被患有狂犬病的狗咬了, 所以他也患上了狂犬病。6. Which of the following words can best describe Pasteur? A. Confident and strong-minded. B. Careful and simple-minded. C. Selfless and humorous. D. Proud and imaginative. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段内容及倒数第二段中的“Dr. Pasteurs v
18、accine was a success! ”可知巴斯德并没有在意世俗的看法, 他非常自信。在他的坚持努力下他终于成功研制出了狂犬疫苗。7. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The amazing story of Joey. B. Pasteurs deep interest in science. C. The first known person to survive rabies. D. Pasteurs success in finding a treatment for rabies. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据巴斯德下定决心研
19、制狂犬疫苗并最终取得成功的故事, 我们可以得知本文的主旨是介绍巴斯德在发明狂犬疫苗方面取得的成就。 . 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy, as theres no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. 1
20、. Give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. 2, children can give more logical, complete and creative answers. Watch your language. Once you have a child
21、involved in a science discussion, dont jump in with “Thats right” or “Very good”. 3. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “Thats interesting or I have never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions
22、 or ideas. Never force a child to think. 4 as children are always thinking, without your telling them to. Whats more, giving them freedom to think can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller tar
23、get for your disagreement. 5 Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass (放大镜), and theyll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather t
24、han saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop. A. It doesnt make senseB. Listen to their questionsC. Teach them by examplesD. You only have to share your childrens curiosityE. It began with a set of questions that lasted nearly two hoursF.
25、When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or moreG. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior【语篇概述】本文就如何帮助孩子观察周围的世界、喜爱科学提出了一些建议。1. 【解析】选D。根据上文Helping them enjoy science can be easy, as theres no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. “帮助他们
26、享受科学很容易, 因为不需要很多科学术语或昂贵的实验室设备。”可知此处应填“你只需要分享你孩子的好奇心”。2. 【解析】选F。根据下文 children can give more logical, complete and creative answers“孩子们可以给出更符合逻辑、更完整、更有创意的答案”可知其原因是“成年人把他们的等待时间增加到3秒或更长”。3. 【解析】选G。根据下文 But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. “但是在谈论科学的时候, 快速的赞扬可以表明讨
27、论已经结束。”可知此处应填“当涉及鼓励好的行为时, 这些词很有用”。故选G. 4. 【解析】选A。根据上文“Never force a child to think. “永远不要强迫孩子思考。”可知此处应填“这没有道理”。5. 【解析】选C。根据下文Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. “现实生活中对自然的印象比孩子们从书本或电视节目中学到的任何东西都要深刻得多。”可知此处应填“
28、用例子来教他们”。故选C。【素养培优】【话题小写作】2018年是我国古代伟大的药物学家李时珍诞辰500周年。请你根据以下要点给你校英语刊物写一篇短文, 让更多的人了解这位伟大的医药学家。1. 李时珍于1518年7月3日出生于湖北省, 在家人的影响下, 他对医学产生了兴趣; 2. 他读了大量的医学书, 为寻草药他去了很多地方, 拜访了很多人, 甚至以身试药, 历时27年完成巨著本草纲目; 3. 他因对世界医学所做出的巨大贡献而名垂后世。参考词汇: 药物学家 pharmacologist草药 herb注意: 1. 词数80个左右: 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Born o
29、n July 3, 1518 in Hubei Province, Li Shizhen was a great pharmacologist. Under the influence of his family, he developed an interest in medicine. He read a large number of books about medicine. To find certain herbs, he went to plenty of places and called on a large number of people. He even did exp
30、eriments on himself. No matter how difficult, he never gave up. Finally, it took him 27 years to write the great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, which is a collection of Chinese herbs. Li Shizhen is remembered for his great contributions to the world medicine. 阅读理解You may hear the expression: “If you give a p
31、erson a fish, they will eat for a day. If you teach a person to fish, they can eat for a lifetime. ”One way to explain this is that helping people grow their own food is a better way to fight hunger. That is the purpose of an agricultural research organization called HarvestPlus. HarvestPlus is teac
32、hing people around the world how to grow what it calls “smart” crops (庄稼). Its project in Mozambique, a country in Southeast Africa, is having surprising influences. Sweet potatoes have vitamin (维生素) A, which keeps your eyes healthy and helps the body fight disease. In 2006, HarvestPlus workers prov
33、ided orange sweet potato plants to people in 24 Mozambique villages. The workers taught these people how to grow the vegetables and also explained the importance of vitamin A to staying healthy. Farmers in Mozambique had been planting white and yellow sweet potatoes, which have very little vitamin A
34、. However, one small, orange sweet potato has a full days supply of vitamin A. Alan de Brauw from the International Food Policy Research Institute says about 70 percent of children there were not getting enough vitamin A. He says the potatoes had a surprising influence on the health of children. At
35、the end of the three-year study, the researchers found that children living in villages growing orange sweet potatoes had 40 percent fewer chances of getting diarrhea (痢疾) than other boys and girls. Among children under the age of three, the difference was 50 percent. Experts (专家) are suggesting tha
36、t connecting agriculture and health problems is natural and helpful. Anne Herforth, a food expert, says the findings do a good job making the connection between food production and health. “Look, you produce a food and its available to people to eat and they like it; then it does good things for hea
37、lth. ”【语篇概述】本文是说明文。农业研究组织HarvestPlus以一种特殊的方式不仅解决了粮食危机而且还改善了人们的健康状况。1. Why was HarvestPlus set up? A. To provide food for people around the world. B. To help farmers increase crop production. C. To do research on agricultural products. D. To deal with the hunger problem. 【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“helping
38、 people grow their own food is a better way to fight hunger. That is the purpose of an agricultural research organization called HarvestPlus. ”可知, HarvestPlus这个组织的目的是解决饥饿问题。2. Whats special about orange sweet potatoes? A. They have more vitamin A. B. They sell better in villages. C. They taste much
39、sweeter. D. They are easier to plant. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“white and yellow sweet potatoes, which have very little vitamin A”和“one small, orange sweet potato has a full days supply of vitamin A”可知, 橙色的红薯含有更多的维生素A。3. What surprised the researchers? A. Diarrhea was extremely common in Mozambique villa
40、ges. B. Orange sweet potatoes strongly influenced childrens health. C. Most children in Mozambique werent getting enough vitamin A. D. There was a big difference in the health of children of different ages. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“the potatoes had a surprising influence on the health of children”以及接下
41、来的研究结果可知, 橙色红薯对儿童的健康有着巨大作用, 这让研究者感到非常诧异。4. In Anne Herforths opinion, _. A. connecting food with health is usefulB. people should try their best to produce natural foodC. agriculture and health problems always go hand in handD. its more important to produce healthy food than delicious food【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Anne Herforth. . . says the findings do a good job making the connection between food production and health. ”以及她接下来说的话可知, 她认为将食物和健康联系在一起是有用的。
