1、郑州市2014高考英语一轮（暑假） 阅读理解训练（1）及答案 高考阅读理解题考题种种 阅读理解是考查考生语言知识综合运用能力的试题。它要求考生既能掌握阅读材料的主旨大意，又能掌握说明主旨大意的事实细节；既能理解具体事实，又能理解抽象概念；既能理解字面意思，又能理解深层含义；既能理解单个句段意义，又能理解通篇逻辑关系。要达到这样的要求我们有必要研究一下阅读题的题型结构，纵观近几年高考阅读题，我们可以把阅读题型分为两大类：主观题和客观题。主观题包括：词义判断题、主旨大意题、逻辑推理题、标题判断题、作者意图判断题； 客观题是指细节信息判断题。 （）词义判断题是检查考生对生词的理解判断能力，在确定词汇
2、的内涵时候我们可借助上下文判断与确定语意最接近的词汇或句型，根据语意的递进、转折、对比等特定语境确定应选的词汇；可借助过度词根据前后的句意反差，确定有关词汇或句型，还可以根据语段之间的逻辑关系，确定有关词汇。以2004年高考题天津卷为例，第70小题是一道词义判断题，需要考生根据上下文对词义加以判断，考生需要阅读collisions前后的语句，即：“Researchers are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring
3、at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids to aviation control.”可以得知，航班的大量增加给飞行员及地勤人员造成很大压力，这就自然导致机场及周边地区不断增长的飞行事故。本题答案A项是最贴切的。又如：第62小题考查词义判断题。原文第五节中，年轻有为的Schipper回忆起，她五年前和Gould相见时的情况时说，“Shane had come along to talk to us and watch us train. It seemed as if we had long be
4、en good friends. I dont know why. We just started talking and it went from there.”那时，她们互相交谈，Shane还看她们训练，好像她们已是多年的老朋友似的。Schipper解释她都不清楚为什么她们从交谈中产生了解和友情。故it 意为the friendship最贴切。*结束阅读理解猜测词义 Passage * With fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial com
5、plexes of the recy cling of waste. The word rubbishcould lose its meaning be- cause everything which goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else. The latest project is to take a city of around half a mill
6、ion citizens and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go Out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw ma terials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also
7、 paper and rubber as well. Another new-project is being set up to discover the best way of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: First, it will Pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish i
8、s usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that founders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally. the rubbish will pass under magnets (磁铁), which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber
9、 and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full-size giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long. 1. The under
10、lined part should be well on with(Para. 1 ) most probably means_. A. complete B. get ready to start C. achieve a great deal in D. put an end to 答案：C 指导：由下文介绍的关于回收利用废品的情况可以推断出来：be well on with sth.的意思是：achieve a greatdeal in sth在某方面有很大成就。2. What is not mentioned as a part of the recycling process des
11、cribed in Paragraph 3? A. Breaking up whatever is breakable. B. Sharpening metal bars. C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones. D. Sorting out small pieces of metal. 答案：B 指导：原文中的信息是：First，讧willpassthroughsharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags而B项提供的信息却是“将铁条弄尖”。3. Whats the ma
12、in reason for big cities to build their own recy cling plants? A. To deal with wastes in a better way. B. To protect the environment from pollution. C. To get raw materials locally. D. To make much money from those plants. 答案：C指导：从最后一段WiththegrowingCOStoftransporting rubbish tomore distant dumps(随着把
13、垃圾运到遥远的垃圾场的费用增加)”可以推断出，在大城市当地处理垃圾可以节省运费。4. The passage is mainly about _ A. a cheap way to get energy B. the place of recycling plants C. new ways of recycling wastes D. the probability of city environment答案：B 指导：结合全文和第二段可以作出判断。*结束 阅读理解猜测词义Passage * It is difficult for doctors to help a person with
14、a hurt brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives only three to five minutes. Sometimes the hurt brain gets better by itself. More often the doctors cant fix the hurt. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help. It is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctor might make the person worse i
15、f he works on the brain. Dr Robert J. White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should try to make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctors a longer time to do something for the brain
16、. Dr White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs. Then he operated on them. He made the monkeys blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys brains. When the brain temperature was 50 degrees, Dr White
17、stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back He warmed the blood again. After their operations, the monkeys were like they were before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.Dr Whites idea works well on the monkeys. Are t
18、here other problems with human beings? Dr White thinks doctors will use his idea on human beings. He thinks it will help people who have heart problems, too. A person doesnt have to die when his heart stops. Doctors can start it again. The problems come when the brain is without blood for three to f
19、ive minutes, the person has a living body, but a dead brain. Maybe in the future, doctors will try Dr White.s ide When the persons heart stops, the doctors will quickly trY to cool the brain. They will have 30 minutes to start the heart again. Maybe there will be no problem with the brain. 1. People
20、 probably die when_. A. their brain dies B. their heart stops C. they stop breathingD. their brain becomes very hot 答案：A 指导：推理判断题。由短文最后一段可知，心脏停止跳动，医生还能让它重新跳动，但是大脑死了，空有活的身体也是没用的。从而得出答案A.2. Dr White thinks his idea about cooling the brain will work because_. A. he has tried it on people B. he has trie
21、d it on monkeys C. he has tried it on heart problems D. he has tried it on himself 答案：B 指导：细节理解题。由短文的第四段可知，Dr White冷却大脑的方法在猴子身上做了实验，并达到了预期的目的。3. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Doctors may start the heart again in 30 minutes one day. B. Doctors can start the heart again after 30 minutes. C. T
22、he brain cant live without blood. D. The method works on monkeys. 答案：B 指导：细节判断题。由整篇短文可知，Dr White的实验最多能给医生提供30分钟的时间，否则就准以让心脏重新跳动。4. According to the writer,_. A. it is not difficult to repair the brain damage B. doctors working on a hurt brain may make things worse C. brain is not an important part i
23、n ones body D. brain doesnt need blood 答案：B 指导：推理判断题。由第一段最后两句可以推知在大脑上出差错比在其他部分出差错都要糟糕。*结束阅读理解推理判断Passage * (典型例题)Giving Back Fair Way The Westborough High School golf team had taken the of- ficial photos with the state prize. The other teams, disappoint- ed, were on the bus heading home. And then We
24、stborough in- structor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards. A 9 had been recorded as a 7. They were not the state prize winner; Woburn High had won. No one would have known, said Woburns instructor, Bob Doraru For Rota, it wasnt a difficult decision. The prize wasnt ours to t
25、ake. Coin StarsCollege students are lazy, but they also want to help says University of Pennsylvania graduate Dana Hork. So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her Change for Change
26、effort has collected $ 40,000 for charities (慈善机构) , which were decided upon by students. Never Forgotten A school in Massachusetts received a $ 9. 5 million check from Jacques LeBermuth But it took officials several days of digging to discover his connection to the school Records showed the LeBermu
27、th came from Belgium and studied in the school in the 1920s. When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board. LeBermuth became a trader, owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings until he died, at age 89. 1. What did Greg Rota probably do in the end? A. Took photos of Do
28、ran. B. Had a meeting with Doran. C. Returned the prize to the organizer. D. Apologized to Woburn High Schook 答案: C 指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。获奖队 的教练自己发现了错误，而且决定这个奖不能拿，那么接下来推断肯定是要把奖送回去。2. Greg Rotas decision shows that he was _. A. honest B. polite C. careful D. friendly 答案: A 指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。从Greg
29、Rota自己发现错误到决定把奖送回，表明他性格中的诚实。因此答案为honest3. The underlined word Change in the second paragraph means_. A. Idea B. Decision C. Cups D. Coins 答案: D 指导：考查猜测词义的能力。Change for Change中的第一个change指的是“零钱”，第二个change是表示“变化”。两个change在一起肯定意思不同，关键在于首先应该明白change的不同含义，再根据文章内容进行判断。因为募集的零钱都捐给了慈善机构，改变了其他一些人的生活。所以介词for后面的
30、change应该是目的表“变化”，那么第一个就是“零钱”。4. What did the school officials do after receiving the check from Mr. LeBermuth? A They tried to find out why he gave them the money. B. They went to Belgium to pay their respects to him. C. They dug out the records that were buried underground. D. They decided to offer
31、 their students free room and board. 答案: A 指导：考查对文章事实细节的理解，依据是第三段文字的第二句话。 5. Jacques LBermuth gave the money to the school because_. A. the school asked for it B. he had no need for that much money C. the school had helped him in the past D. he wanted to be remembered by the students 答案: C 指导：考查根据文章内容进行推理判断的能力。学校在Jacques LeB-ermuth困难的时候帮助过他，所以他寄来950万美元的支票回报学校。*结束
