1、The United States:a land of diversityIf you ask anybody who lives in the United States what the distinct feature of their country is,you might get“diversity”as an answer.Diversity of languageAlthough English is still thought to be the most commonlyspoken language in the United States,its actually a
2、nation that consists of many languages,such as Spanish,Chinese,German,etc.Diversity of religionThe United States is a country that values religious freedom.Although the majority of American citizens state Christianity as their religion,youll also find many non-Christian religions as well.Diversity o
3、f landscape and climateDepending on the area of the country you are in,you might experience wide prairies，majestic mountains,warm beaches,or desert landscapes.The climate that you will find in northern Alaska will be very different as compared to what you will find in Florida,New York,California,or
4、Hawaii.The averageyearly rainfall,days of sunshine,and temperature also vary widely,depending on the area of the country.多积词汇distinct adj.明显的；清晰的feature n.特点；特色；特征commonly adv.通常；常常；大多数人地religion n.宗教；宗教信仰prairie n.大草原majestic adj.壮丽的landscape n.风景；景色average adj.平均的读文清障原文呈现CALIFORNIACalifornia is th
5、e third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It also has the distinctionof being the most multicultural state in the USA,having attracted people from all over the world.The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.This diversity of culture is not surprisin
6、g when you know the history of California.population n人口(数)distinction/dIstIkn/n.差别；区分；卓著multicultural adj.多元文化的现在分词短语 having attracted people.作结果状语。immigrant/ImIrnt/n.(从外国移入的)移民live on 继续存在；继续生存when 引导的时间状语从句。Section Warming Up&Reading Pre-reading加利福尼亚第 1 段译文加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，但它是人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最
7、具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史时，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。读文清障原文呈现NATIVE AMERICANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California,no one really knows.However,it is likely thatNative Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ag
8、o.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Straitin the Arcticit is likely that.“很 可能”，该句型中 it 是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。Bering/berI/Strait/streIt/白令海峡Arctic/ktIk/adj.北极的；北极区的 the Arctic 北极读文清障原文呈现to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century,a
9、fter the arrival of the Europeans,the native people sufferedgreatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition，by means of.用办法；借助means/minz/n.手段；方法 means 单复数同形。prehistoric/prihIstrIk/adj.史前的which 引导的定语从句，修饰“a land bridge”。suffer vi.受苦；受难 vt.遭受；蒙受in addition(to)除之外，加之 读文清障原文呈现many died
10、from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However,some survived these terrible times,and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.die from 死于过去分词短语 brought by the Europeans 作后置定语，修饰the diseases。survive vt.&vi.活下来，幸免 现 在 分 词 短 语 living in California 作后置定语，修饰
11、Native Americans。第 2 段译文 美洲土著人最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。然而，可能至少在 15 000 年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为这些迁居者是通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在 16 世纪来到这里后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。不过，还是有一些人经历了这些恐怖时期而活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。读文清障原文呈现THE SPANISHIn the 18th century
12、 California was ruled by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century,when they fought against the native people and took their land.Two centuries later,the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the Uni
13、ted States21.when 引导的定语从句，修 饰 the early 16th century。21 what.是介词 of 的宾语从句，what 在宾语从句中作 call 的宾语，the United States 作宾补。读文清障原文呈现22 动词不定式短语 to go to California 作后置定语，修饰 the first Spanish。当名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或 only 修饰时，其后用to do 作定语，不用 doing。23 majority/mdrtI/n.大多数；大半(常与 the连用，构成 the majority of.)24 ministry/
14、mInIstrI/n.(政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责25 Catholic/klIk/adj.天主教的 n天主教徒26 whose ministry.是 whose 引导的定语从句，修饰 religious men,whose 在从句中作定语，修饰 ministry。Of the first Spanish to go to California22，the majority23 were religious men,whose ministry24 was to teach the Catholic25 religion to the natives26.读文清障原文呈现In 182
15、1,the people of Mexico gained their independence from27 Spain.California then became part of Mexico.In 1846 the United States declared war on28 Mexico,and after the war won by the USA29，Mexico had to give California to the USA.However,there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.That is wh
16、y30 today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.27 gain independence from 从获得独立28 declare war on 对宣战29 过去分词短语 won by the USA 作后置定语，修饰the war。30 That is why.“那 就是的原因”，why 后跟 结 果。That is because.“那是因为”，because 后跟原因。第 3 段译文 西班牙人在 18 世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的。西班牙士兵最早是在 16 世纪初期来到南
17、美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，夺去了他们的土地。两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。1821 年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立。加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846 年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得了战争的胜利之后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是，这个州仍然保留着很强的西班牙文化的影响。那就是今天超过 40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。读文清障原文呈现31in the early 1800s 在 19 世纪初32 Alas
18、ka/lsk/n.阿拉斯加(州)33 settle in 定居；安顿；适应34 Russian-American n美籍俄罗斯人35 in and around 内外，以内及周边36 San Francisco/sn frnsIsk/n.圣弗朗西斯科(也称旧金山)RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s 31，Russian hunters,who had originally gone to Alaska32，began settling in33 California.Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans34 living
19、 in and around35 San Francisco36.读文清障原文呈现GOLD MINERSIn 1848,not long after the American-Mexican war37，gold was discovered in California.The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.The nearest,and therefore the first to arrive,were South Americans and people from the U
20、nited States.Then adventurers38 from Europe and Asia soon followed.37 after,before 引导的时间状语(从句)前面可以加上表示时间概念的名词或副词短语，如 three days,not long,shortly等，表示“在之后/之前的某个时间段”。38 adventurer/dventr/n.冒险家读文清障原文呈现39 make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等40 despite/dIspaIt/prep.尽管；不管41 hardship/hdIp/n.苦难；困苦42 elect/Ilekt/vt.选择；决
21、定做某事；选举某人43 federal/fedrl/adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的In fact,few achieved their dream of becoming rich.Some died or returned home,but most remained in California to make a life 39 for themselves despite 40great hardship41.They settled in the new towns or on farms.By the time California elected 42 to become the t
22、hirty-first federal43state of the USA in 1850,it was already a multicultural society.第 45 段译文 俄罗斯人在 19 世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科旧金山及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有 25 000 人。金矿工1848 年，在美国同墨西哥战争之后不久，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人，随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。许多人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多
23、数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生，在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到 1850 年加利福尼亚成为美国第 31 个联邦州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。读文清障原文呈现44 rail/reIl/n.铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条45 even 是程度副词，修饰形容词比较级 larger。46 percentage/psentId/n.百分比；百分率47 Los Angeles/lsndlis/n.洛杉矶48 although a large percentage.是 although引导的让步状语从句。LATER ARRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants bega
24、n to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,it was the building of the rail44 network from the west to the east coast that brought even45larger numbers to California in the 1860s.Today,Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California,although a large percentage 46 have chosen to stay in the“Chinatowns”
25、of Los Angeles47 and San Francisco48.读文清障原文呈现49 Italian/ItlIn/n.意大利人；意大利语 adj.意大利人的；意大利语的Italy/ItlI/n意大利50 Denmark/denmk/n.丹麦(北欧国家)51 keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)52 which today still.是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 a town of their own。Other immigrants such as Italians49，mainly fishermen but also wine makers,arri
26、ved in California in the late 19th century.In 1911 immigrants from Denmark50 established a town of their own,which today still keeps up51 their Danish culture52.读文清障原文呈现By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood 53，California.The industry boom 54 attracted Europeans including 5
27、5 many Jewish people.Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.53 Hollywood/hlIwd/n好莱坞；美国电影业54 boom/bum/n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期55 including prep.包括读文清障原文呈现Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century,and since the 1980s a
28、lot more have settled there.People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s,when they moved north from Mexico56.However,even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft57industries.56 People from Africa have been living.when.from Mexico.是主从复合句，主句 用 了 现 在 完 成
29、 进 行 时have been living，从句是when 引导的定语从句，修饰 the 1800s。57 aircraft/ekrft/n.飞行器；航空器；飞机第 68 段译文后来的移民虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到了，但是更大批量的移民却是在 19 世纪 60 年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人居住，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)的“唐人街”里。19 世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，但也有些是制酒工人。1911 年，丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。20 世
30、纪 20 年代，电影业在加州的好莱坞建立了起来。这个新兴的行业吸引了欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。日本农民是在 20 世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的，而从20 世纪 80 年代以来有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从 19 世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来，他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而，更多的非洲人是在 1942 年至 1945 年期间来到加利福尼亚的，当时他们是到船厂和飞机厂工作的。读文清障原文呈现MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades,California has become home to58more pe
31、ople from Asia,including Koreans 59，Cambodians 60，Vietnamese and Laotians.Since its beginning in the 1970s,the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis 61 to California.58 home to 的发源地；的所在地59 Korean/krIn/n.韩 国/朝 鲜人；朝鲜/韩语 adj.韩国(人/语)的；朝鲜(人/语)的Korea/krI/n韩国；朝鲜60 Cambodian/kmbdIn/n.柬埔寨人；柬
32、埔寨语61 Pakistani/pkIstnI/adj.巴基斯坦(人)的 n巴基斯坦人读文清障原文呈现THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world,attracted by the climate and the lifestyle62，still immigrate63 to California.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial 64
33、or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.62 过去分词短语 attracted by.作原因状语。63 immigrate/ImIreIt/vi.移入(外国定居)64 racial/reIl/adj.人种的；种族的第 910 段译文最近期的移民在最近的几十年里，加利福尼亚成了更多亚洲人的家，包括朝鲜人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。从 20 世纪 70 年代开始发展计算机工业以来，加利福尼亚又吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人的到来。未来展望世界各地的人，由于受气候条件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。人
34、们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。.Match the word with its meaning.1elect Athe method or instrument used to obtain a result or achieve an end2distinct Bto select;choose3means Cconditions of life which are difficult to endure4majority Deasy to perceive;especially clearly o
35、utlined5hardship Ethe greater number or part of something6percentage Fnational;especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units7boom Ga sudden happening that brings good fortune(as a sudden opportunity to make money)8federal Hproportion or rate
36、 per hundred parts答案：15 BDAEC 68 HGF.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.1The couple lived a poor life and almost no one made a lifelike them in this situation.2In face of the challenge for the moment,its the most important to keep up a good state of health.3With the prices going up,t
37、he majority of people find it hard to live on the amount of money they get.4We express our thoughts by means of words.5Shangri-la is really a beauty,which is home to many kinds of rare birds and animals.6In 1941,Britain and the United States declared war onJapan and the Pacific War started.对宣战生活保持维持
38、生计借助于是的栖息地A quiz about the USA.1Which flag is American flag?2Which city is the capital of the USA?ANew York.BWashington DC.CLos Angeles.DSan Francisco.3How many states are there in the USA?A48.B49.C50.D51.4Where is the state of California in the USA?AIn the North.BIn the South.CIn the East.DIn the W
39、est.5Which of the following building belongs to California?答案：15 CBCDA.Fast-reading1Read the text quickly and fill in the blank.The text is about the brief of California,which focuses on the of the state.2Match the following parts with their main ideas.Part 1(Para.1)AThe history of people from diffe
40、rent countries moving to California.Part 2(Paras.29)BThe future of CaliforniaPart 3(Para.10)CA brief introduction to California.答案：Parts 13 CAB settlementhistory.Careful-readingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1Which is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest populat
41、ion?ALos Angeles.BAlaska.CSan Francisco.DCalifornia.2Scientists believe that the first settlers came to California by _.Asailing to the west in the Spanish shipBflying over the Pacific OceanCcrossing the Bering Strait in the Arctic by means of a land bridgeDsailing to the south through the Indian Oc
42、ean3Indians and Pakistanis are attracted to California mostly by _.Athe well-developed fishing industryBthe promising computer industryCthe rich natural resourcesDthe famous film industry4Which is the right order of the immigrants reaching California between the 18th and the 20th century?athe Spanis
43、h bthe Danish cthe Italiandthe Russian ethe ChineseAadecb BedbcaCabcde Ddeacb5Whats the topic of this passage about?AThe culture of California.BThe history of California.CThe population of California.DThe history of the USA.答案：15 DCBAB.Study-readingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the te
44、xt.1Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California,no one really knows.句式分析尝试翻译 最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚州地区的，谁也说不清楚。2Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brou
45、ght even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.句式分析尝试翻译 _ 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来到(美国)，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在 19 世纪 60 年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。3It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.句式分析 It is believed that .意为“据认为”，it为形式主语，that 从句为真正的主语，在这个主语从句中还有一个 that 引导的结果状语从句。尝试翻译 _ 人们相信，用不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显的主要种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。“课时跟踪检测”见“Unit 1 课时跟踪练（一）”(单击进入电子文档)
