1、解题攻略1非谓语动词作宾语(1)有些动词或动词短语后通常接不定式作宾语,巧记如下:想要干:want,wish,hope,expect,seek,attempt,aim,claim,would like/love,desire早打算:plan,prepare,arrange同意否:agree,promise,undertake,offer,refuse问问看:ask,beg决定了:decide,determine,make up ones mind,be determined尽力干:manage(反义词fail),struggle,strive努力做:make an effort别装蒜:pret
2、end此处,learn,choose,afford,happen,wait等也常用不定式作宾语。All the factors considered,we decided to offer the job to Li Wei,a man of rich experience.所有的因素都考虑进去,我们决定把这个工作给李伟,一个很有经验的人。(2)表示下列含义的动词或动词短语后常接动名词作宾语,巧记如下:考虑建议盼原谅:consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon承认推迟没得想:admit,delay/put off,fancy避免错
3、过继续练:avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice否认完成停止赏:deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate不禁介意准逃亡:cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape不准冒险凭想象:forbid,risk,imagine此处,feel like,devote to,be/get used to,object to,set about,insist on,pay attention to,stick to,be busy(in),have difficult/trouble(in)等动词短语后也接动名词作宾语。I avoi
4、ded mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个问题,以免冒犯他。(3)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但表示的含义不同。meanto do sth.打算做某事doing sth.意味着做某事forgetto do sth.忘记去做某事未做doing sth.忘记做过某事已做regretto do sth.遗憾要去做某事未做doing sth.后悔做过某事已做tryto do sth.尽力做某事doing sth.试着做某事go onto do sth.继续做另外一件事doing sth.
5、不停地做某事rememberto do sth.记着去做某事未做doing sth.记得做过某事已做cant helpto do sth.不能帮助做某事doing sth.情不自禁地做某事We still remember once having been taken round the famous tower when we were young.我们仍然记得在我们年轻的时候我们曾经被领着参观那座著名的塔。2非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词(doing)作定语现在分词作定语,相当于一个定语从句,分词与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动、进行。单个分词作定语要前置,分词短语作定语要
6、后置。示例(2015北京卷)The park was full of people,enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海,人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(2)过去分词(done)作定语过去分词作定语,被修饰的名词与分词在逻辑上是被动关系,表示被动或完成。Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。示例(2016全国卷).I was the first western TV rep
7、orter _66_(permit)to film a special unit caring.My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(introduce).解析:分析句子结构可知,permit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,故填过去分词permitted作后置定语,相当于that/who was permitted.67空同样考查非谓语动词。动词include后需跟动名词作宾语,所以此空填introducing。(3)不定式作定语不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。不定式一般式的主动形式(to do)作定语,表示将要发生的主动动作
8、。不定式一般式的被动形式(to be done)作定语,表示将要发生的被动动作。We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。随堂训练A1_(attend)by the nurses,he
9、 was slowly recovering and could now swallow some solid food.解析:句意:在护士的照料下,他正在慢慢地恢复,现在能吞咽一些固体食物了。attend与句子主语he之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,而“was slowly recovering”表明照顾是从过去开始并一直延续到现在的动作,应该用现在分词完成式的被动式。答案:Having been attended2During the free hours some teenagers enjoy photography or _(play)computer games.解析:enjoy doin
10、g sth.意为“喜欢做某事”。故填 playing。答案:playing3Before _(leave)for England,Thomas bought a new suitcase.解析:介词“Before”后应用动名词或名词作宾语,且 leave 和主语“Thomas”之间是主谓关系,故填 leaving。答案:leaving4Youd better get yourself _(prepare)for the winter.Its cold here.解析:get sb.done 意为“让某人做某事”,是固定用法。故空格处填 prepared。答案:prepared5I came _
11、(see)that it would be much better to be happy than to live with this disease.解析:动词 come 后接动词不定式表示一个逐渐的过程,此处表示“逐渐明白”。故填 to see。答案:to see6Actually with his confidence _(build)up,Jack now turns out to be a great speaker.解析:分析句子结构可知,本句考查“with宾语补语”的结构。因为本结构中宾语“confidence”与build up之间是动宾关系,并且build up的动作已经发
12、生,故应填过去分词built。答案:built7People _(work)in green environment have been found to have fewer stomachaches.解析:People和work之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,所以此处应用work的现在分词形式作后置定语。故填working。答案:working8Its quite an interesting place and the best thing _(do)here is go shopping.解析:动词不定式to do作定语,修饰the best thing,含有将要发生的含义。答案:to do
13、9The policeman kept his eyes _(fix)on the screen of the computer to identify the criminals appearance.解析:句意:警察一直注视电脑屏幕以识别罪犯的外貌。分析句子结构可知,这里是“keep宾语宾补”结构;表示“注视”应使用短语“fix ones eyes on”,fix与eyes之间为动宾关系,所以这里用过去分词作宾语补足语。答案:fixed10Most actresses,when _(interview)about the issue,often tend to lie about it t
14、o avoid negative judgment.解析:句意:当大多数女演员被采访到这个问题时,她们经常倾向于撒谎以避免负面评论。interview与其逻辑主语Most actresses之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词。此处when interviewed是when they are interviewed的省略。答案:interviewedBScientists have discovered that _1_(stay)in the cold could help us lose weight.Researchers at the University of California foun
15、d that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fatthe type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm.Brown fat burns energy,_2_ helps us lose weight.White fat stores extra energy and this results _3_ weight gain.The researchers said that because air conditioners gi
16、ve us constant and _4_(comfort)temperatures,our bodys need for brown fat has decreased.They found that,“Outdoor workers in northern Finland who _5_(expose)to cold temperatures have _6_ significant amount of brown fat when _7_(compare)to same-aged indoor workers.”The research was conducted on two dif
17、ferent control groups of _8_(mouse).One group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat.This group later gained 30%less weight after both groups were fed with high-fat diets.The researchers said this could be good news in the fight against obesity.People who are obese have _9_(low)le
18、vels of brown fat than thinner people.Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said,“This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases.”She added,“If you can somehow increase levels of this protein,you could _10_(possible)lose mo
19、re weight even if eating the same amount of food.”【语篇解读】科学家们发现,待在寒冷的环境中有助于减肥,这给肥胖者带来了福音。1解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,从句缺主语,故应用动词-ing形式。答案:staying2解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,“_2_ helps us lose weight”是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,故用which引导。答案:which3解析:考查固定短语。result in“导致,造成”,为固定短语,符合语境。答案:in4解析:考查形容词。空处和形容词constant并列作temperatur
20、es的定语,故用形容词形式。答案:comfortable5解析:考查动词的时态和语态。芬兰北部暴露在低温中(工作)的户外工人有大量的棕色脂肪。expose是及物动词,且定语从句中没有宾语,故应用被动语态。根据语境和主谓一致原则可知此处应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are exposed。答案:are exposed6解析:考查冠词。a significant amount of“大量的”,故填a。答案:a7解析:考查非谓语动词。compare和句子主语Outdoor workers之间是动宾关系,故填compared。答案:compared8解析:考查名词的数。由前面的“two differe
21、nt control groups of”可知本空应填名词的复数形式。答案:mice9解析:考查形容词比较级。根据than可判断出本空应填形容词比较级。答案:lower10解析:考查副词。本空修饰动词lose,故应填副词possibly。答案:possiblyCMy husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when _1_ was in middle school.She wrote because she wanted to thank him for _2_ (hav
22、e)a great influence in her life.In the letter she wrote,“You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math.Before you came to teach us,I had been _3_ (terrible)poor at math,and had never thought that I would be interested in it.To my surprise,you magically showed me the beauty of math.I
23、 guess that was the turning point of my attitude _4_ it.Gradually my interest in it began to grow.Thanks to your _5_ (encourage),I made continuous progress in math and finally made up my mind _6_ (study)it in the university.Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center.You played _7_
24、important part.Thank you!”_8_ a wonderful gift to a retired teacher!My husband _9_ (receive)many letters from his students over the years.This one was special,for it arrived at this time in his life _10_ he is in very poor health.【语篇解读】作者的丈夫病重时意外收到一封学生的感谢信,这对于一个退休且病重的老师来说无疑是很好的礼物。1解析:考查代词。根据文章内容可知,作
25、者的丈夫曾经是这位年轻妇女的中学老师,故用she指代这位年轻妇女。答案:she2解析:考查非谓语动词。句中for为介词,介词后面应接动名词作宾语。答案:having3解析:考查副词。句中poor为形容词,形容词应用副词来修饰,故填terribly。答案:terribly4解析:考查固定搭配。名词 attitude 常与介词 to 或 toward(s)连用,表示“对的态度”。答案:toward(s)/to5解析:考查名词。句中 your 为物主代词,物主代词后应接名词,故填 encouragement。答案:encouragement6解析:考查非谓语动词。make up ones mind
26、to do sth.是固定词组,意为“下决心做某事”。答案:to study7解析:考查不定冠词。important 的读音以元音音素开头,故应用不定冠词 an。play an important part 表示“起重要作用”。答案:an8解析:考查感叹句。此处为感叹句,结构为“Whata/an形容词可数名词单数其他”。答案:What9解析:考查时态和主谓一致。over the years 是现在完成时的标志,故应用现在完成时;主语为“My husband”,故应用 has received。答案:has received10解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为 time,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故应用关系副词 when。答案:when