1、语法专题突破 专题十一 主谓一致和特殊句式达标检测单句语法填空1(2020新高考卷)Often, only a small part of a museums collection _is (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museums collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away o
2、r used for research. 中的is也是提示。故填is。2(2020新课标卷)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _means (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed. ”解析：考查主谓一致。根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时；主语是
3、it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means。故填means。3(2020江苏卷改编)If you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probably a solution that _suits everyone. 解析：考查动词主谓一致。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故填suits。4(2020新课标卷)This is why decorating with
4、plants, fruits and flowers _carries (carry) special significance. 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。5(全国)It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, _make (make) sure its a relief f
5、rom daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 解析：第二个破折号之后为but连接的并列句，whatever it is是让步状语从句，主句为祈使句，所缺词是主句的谓语动词，应使用动词原形。故填make。6(湖南)It was when we were returning home _that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 解析：分析句子结构可知此句为强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故用that。7(2019全国
6、I卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：在已经确认的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个在减少，6个稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时。故填are。8(全国卷)Fast
7、 food _is (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 解析：根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填 be的第三人称单数形式is。单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(2020新课标卷)My dad dont like the soup and I dont enjoy apples. _第一个dont改成doesnt 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：我
8、爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以dont改成doesnt。2(陕西)I couldnt believe my lucknot only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!_hadhave 解析：考查倒装句的谓语结构，“did主语动词原形”，故had应改为have。3(浙江卷)After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. But I
9、 didnt think she looked like Grandma. ”“Neither did me，” said Mother cheerfully. _meI 解析：“neither助动词主语”结构中，主语应该用主格形式，故me应改为I。4(浙江)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us. _waswere 解析：who引导的宾语从句中主语是we，谓语应用复数。5(辽宁)Hard work have made him very ill. _havehas 解析：work为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。6(陕西)Finally
10、, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught. _werewas 解析：There be句型中be动词应该与其后主语a sudden pull在数上保持一致。7(2018全国卷)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well. _includeincludes 解析：考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。语法填空Our school l
11、ibrary, along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools. There 1. _are (be) two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books 2. _is (be) large. It was 2,000,000 dollars 3. _that all the books cost our school
12、. It is such a large amount of money 4. _that an average family cant afford it，right? But in my view，it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion，many students have a thirst for knowledge. Our library is also a multifunctional building. There are 500 computers in it. Many a student 5. _s
13、urfs (surf) the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John, are surfing the Internet. 6. _How happy they are!Look! A professor and writer 7. _is (be) delivering a speech in the meeting room. Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always 8. _cheer/ch
14、eers (cheer) up. What lovely children they are! Enter our art room 9. _and you will find a teacher with his students is painting in the room. On the wall 10. _are (be) about 500 pictures, which attract many students. 文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。介绍了学校与众不同的图书馆。解析：1本题考查了There be句型主谓一致问题。There be句型的主谓一致应遵循“就近一致”原则，故本
15、句的谓语动词应与two computer rooms保持一致。因此填are。2“the number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应与the number保持一致，即用动词的单数形式。故填is。3本题考查强调句型。被强调部分为2,000,000 dollars。故填that。4本题考查了“such that ”句型。句意：这是如此大的一笔钱以至于一个普通家庭负担不起，是不是？故填that。5“many a/an单数名词”作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。故填surfs。6本题考查感叹句。设空后为形容词。故填How。7此处主语a profess or and writer(一位教授兼作家)，指的
16、是一个人。故填is。8the audience作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。故填cheer/cheers。9本题考查“祈使句and陈述句”，本句型相当于“if从句主句”。句意：走进我们的美术教室，你就会看到一位老师和他的学生们正在教室里画画。故填and。10本题考查倒装句。主语为about 500 pictures。将本句改为正常语序后为：About 500 pictures are on the wall。故填are。短文改错When we were small, the teacher told us that we could help others. Offer help to so
17、meone who are in need of help is Chinese tradition. Today，we are happily to see that people give their hands to the old and the weak, but some negative examples also exist at the same time. It has reported that many people saw the woman was jumping off a bridge. But they not just took out their cell
18、phones and took picture. No one tried to stop her. It is a pity what people become so cold-blooded. If they could persuade her out of killing her, they would be successful in stopping the tragedy. 答案：When we were small, the teacher told us that we help others. help to someone who in need of help is
19、Chinese tradition. Today，we are to see that people give their hands to the old and the weak, but some negative examples also exist at the same time. It has reported that many people saw woman was jumping off a bridge. But they not just took out their cellphones and took . No one tried to stop her. I
20、t is a pity people become so cold-blooded. If they could persuade her out of killing , they would be successful in stopping the tragedy. . 增分写作训练在写作中可以打破常规，利用倒装句或强调句增添新意。请利用特殊句式升级以下句式1It is not only an interesting and meaningful activity but it also offers us a good chance to make new friends. (利用倒装
21、句式升级)_Not only is it an interesting and meaningful activity but it also offers us a good chance to make new friends._ 2If you join us, you will enjoy yourself at the book fair. (利用“祈使句and简单句”升级)_Join us and you will enjoy yourself at the book fair._ 3Before you leave, turn off all the lights. (利用省略句升级)_Before leaving, turn off all the lights._ 4The idea of sharing requires peoples awareness of civilization. (利用强调句式升级)_It is the idea of sharing that requires peoples awareness of civilization._
