1、高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练重细节，练速度(限时：35分钟).阅读理解AIn the United States, a company is working on a project that could change the way we think about public transportation. Its planned system would move people around in steel tubes. Those passengers would be traveling at speeds of up to 1,200 kilometers per hour.T
2、he futuristic steel tube transportation system is called Hyperloop.Workers plan to test the system next year in a specially built community called Quay Valley. The town will be powered entirely by energy from the sun.The Hyperloop transport system is the idea of businessman Elon Musk. Dirk Ahlborn i
3、s head of Hyperloop Transportation Technologies. He says his company has taken Mr.Musks idea and is developing a system that will be safe, environmentally friendly and fast.“Its 100 percent solar powered. were not going to get up to 760 miles per hour, but we believe we can actually break the record
4、s that are existing right now.”This means that a fourhour drive from Los Angeles, California to Las Vegas, Nevada, could someday take only 30 minutes by Hyperloop. The system involves a series of capsules that float inside a long tube. These containers would not need to travel along a pathway or tra
5、ck. The system has been designed to operate above or below ground.“Inside the tube you create a low pressure environment very similar to an airplane thats at high altitudes. So now the capsule travelling inside the tube doesnt come up against as much resistance, and therefore can travel really fast
6、with very little energy.”Dick Ahlborn and his company will use an eightkilometer track in Quay Valley to find the best way to set up passenger traffic and repair capsules. A larger system will cost an estimated six to $10 billion to build. If Mr.Ahlborn and his company succeed, we may one day see th
7、ese very fast Hyperloop capsules speeding through tubes around the world.语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。介绍了一款仍然在研发和实验的管道运输方式超回路列车。1Which of the following is True of Hyperloop?AIt will travel along a pathway or track.BIt will use more energy than current trains.CThere is a high pressure inside the tube of it.DA series
8、 of experiments on it will be carried on.解析细节理解题。由第五段These containers would not need to travel along a pathway or track可知，这些车厢不需要沿着轨道行进。故A选项错误。由第四段Its 100 percent solar powered 可知，它完全依靠太阳能提供动力，但是短文中并未把超回路列车与现在的火车进行对比，故B选项错误。由第六段Inside the tube you create a low pressure environment very similar to an
9、 airplane thats at high altitudes 可知，在管道内将制造类似高空飞机所处的低压环境，故C选项错误。故D选项正确。答案D2What can we learn from the text?ADirk is worried about the speed of HyperloopBHyperloop has been built in the United StatesCHyperloop will be powered by energy from the sunDHyperloop has reached to 760 miles per hour解析细节理解题。
10、由第四段“Its 100 percent solar powered.”可知，它完全依靠太阳能提供动力。故C选项正确。答案C3What does the underlined word “containers” in Paragraph 5 refer to?ASystems. BCapsules.CTubes. DAirplanes.解析猜测词义题。由第五段The system involves a series of capsules that float inside a long tube. These containers would not need to travel along
11、 a pathway or track 该运输系统包括一系列漂浮在长管道中的“胶囊列车”。这些车厢不需要沿着轨道行进。可知，containers指的就是capsules。故B选项正确。答案B4What is the best title for the text?AHyperloop Is Closer To RealityBHyperloop Will Test At Quay ValleyCElon Musks Idea Is Under DiscussionDHyperloop Travels Around The World解析主旨大意题。根据文章大意和每个段落的具体内容，判断出文章最
12、好的标题是“超回路列车更加接近现实”。故A选项正确。答案AB(2018湖南邵阳二模)When I was young, I always envied my friends who lived in one town in their whole lives. Coming from a military family makes this impossible. My brothers and I soon found that if we didnt like a place we lived in, wed soon be moving to a new place. Through a
13、ll the ups and downs, I now realize that everything Ive done, seen, and learned has made me into the person I am today.The field day was the best day ever created. Being good at sports which I had done together with parents seemed to help me find my position at a new school. Despite the hot weather
14、in San Antonio, Texas, I had to take outdoor activities. Sometimes we took the family mountain biking after school. My brothers and I were arranged to join in the swim team and practice yoga. These are the things I remember about my childhood. Now I thank my parents for teaching me these vital princ
15、iples, which I will have with me the rest of my life.I was always the shy girl and afraid to be myself. This didnt bother me until I reached junior high school, when some girls judged me by what I wore, who I talked to and how skinny I was. I felt like Id never done anything wrong to deserve such cr
16、iticism. It was not until last year that I realized that I had to stay different from them and live my life according to my principles. I decided to be my own person. I never thought that being nice could cause me to be disliked. Anyway, I began hanging out with girls who had a lot in common with me
17、 like preferring outdoor sports. They were acceptable and nonjudgmental. I am now content with knowing that I am my own person and dont let others control my life.语篇解读：本文叙述了作者的成长经历，经历了生活中的起起伏伏，现在她很满足于做自己，不让别人控制自己的生活。5What caused the author to envy some of her friends when she was young?AHer growing
18、up like a boy.BHer familys frequent moving.CHer busy school life.DHer strict parents.解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I was young, I always envied my friends who lived in one town in their whole lives. Coming from a military family makes this impossible. My brothers and I soon found that if we didnt like a plac
19、e we lived in, wed soon be moving to a new place.”可知，作者的家庭频繁搬家使她在小时候羡慕她的一些朋友。答案B6Why did the author mention the field day in Paragraph 2?ATo show her hard childhood.BTo show her hobby in sports.CTo show her satisfactory family life.DTo show her parents influence on her.解析推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第二段最后一句可知，
20、作者在第二段提到了the field day是为了表明父母对她的影响。答案D7What resulted in the authors change in junior high school?AHer constantly being good to others.BHer obeying her principles strictly.CSome girls improper judgment on her.DSome girls refusing to make friends with her.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“This didnt bother me until I
21、 reached junior high school, when some girls judged me by what I wore.”可知，一些女孩通过作者的穿着等对作者进行不当评价，导致了作者在初中的改变。答案C8What may be the best title for the text?ARunning for My LifeBMy Happy ChildhoodCMy Parents RegulationsDLoving Outdoor Sports解析主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Through all the ups and downs, I now realize t
22、hat everything Ive done, seen, and learned has made me into the person I am today.”可知，经历了所有的起伏，作者意识到她所做的一切，都让她成为今天的自己；再根据最后一段最后一句“I am now content with knowing that I am my own person and dont let others control my life.”可知，作者现在满足于自己对于生活的感悟，即做自己的主人，不让别人控制自己的生活。答案AC(2018江西八所重点中学联考)Humans and gorillas
23、 shared evolution for 23 million years. Their paths separated only six million years ago. Research on how gorillas communicate can help us understand human language development.Understanding how the brain works helps us see a connection between language development and nonverbal signs. These signs o
24、r movements include things like the way we move our hands or bodies or the different expressions our faces have in different social situations. A new study on gorillas showed that the right side of the body is controlled by the left part of the brain and it is also the location for language developm
25、ent.Two cameras were used to film all of one apes movements. One of the first results was that gorillas use their right hands more when they are doing actions with their heads or mouths at the same time. This shows that there is a connection between how our brain works and the reason we use one side
26、 of our body more than the other. In addition, we can use the results of the study and our knowledge about brains to help us understand more about how language first developed in humans.Dr. Forrester, who did the study, says the results can be useful in other ways, such as understanding language dev
27、elopment in children. For example, some children have serious illness called “autism” which can stop them communicating normally with people. It might be possible to use the same study method to find out which children have this illness when they are very young. Doctors will then be able to start tr
28、eatment early.语篇解读：本文介绍了有关大猩猩的研究的新发现。对大猩猩如何交流的研究有助于我们了解人类语言的发展。9Which of the following may have a connection with righthandedness ?ACommunication. BIntelligence.CSocial position. DSocial success.解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“A new study on gorillas showed that the right side of the body is controlled by the lef
29、t part of the brain and it is also the location for language development.”可知，惯用右手可能和沟通交流有关系。答案A10What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe right side of the body.BThe mouth.CThe left part of the brain.DThe front part of the head.解析词义猜测题。根据文章第二段最后一句“A new study on gorillas showe
30、d that the right side of the body is controlled by the left part of the brain and it is also the location for language development.”可知，it代指前面的the left part of the brain。答案C11Who might benefit most from the results of the study?APhotographers of gorillas.BZoo keepers.CResearchers on movement.DChildre
31、n with illness.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Dr. Forrester, who did the study, says the results can be useful in other ways, such as understanding language development in children.”及下面的例子可知，研究结果可能帮助那些有疾病的孩子。答案D12What can we infer from the text?AGorillas prefer to use the right hand instead of the left hand.BGor
32、illas have a complex form of nonverbal communication.CGorillas help us better develop our language abilities.DGorillas share the same body language with humans.解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句和第三句可以推断，大猩猩有一种复杂的非语言交流方式。答案BD(2018吉林长春四模)In the story of “The Crow(乌鸦) and the Pitcher” from Aesops Fables, a thirsty cro
33、w drops stones into a pitcher to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.Now scientists have evidence to back up that story. Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement (排水量) work to their advantage, experiments show. The results suggest that the birds are, at leas
34、t in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, presented six crows with tubes filled with water. Inside the tubes, a worm or piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crow. In front of the tube
35、s, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.However, the_birds_handled_awkwardly in experiments in which they c
36、ould choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said. Dropping objects into narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the sam
37、e level in the wide tube. The crows obviously didnt realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks. In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was
38、floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了科学家对伊索寓言中“乌鸦喝水”故事的验证及延伸，乌鸦确实知道如何让水面上升进而吃到其中的食物，但对于水面上升的速度并没有正确的判断。13How did the crows get the snack in Sarahs experiment?ABy breaking the tube.BBy dropping in erasers.CBy standing on the wood.DBy removing the wood.解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The crow
39、s found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.”可知，乌鸦能够将橡皮擦丢入管中，使水位上升，让食物浮起，然后吃到食物。答案B14What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4?AThey were unable to tell different shapes.BThey dropped objects only i
40、nto narrow tubes.CThey were not aware of the snack at first sight.DThey mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.解析词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，虽然细管只需要少量投掷物体就可以使水位上升很高，让食物浮起来，但实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易让食物浮起的细管。由此可知，这句话是为表明“鸟儿大多没有选择更容易的方式得到食物”。答案D15What does the text mainly focus on?AStories of Aeso
41、ps Fables.BThe development of crows.CCrows intelligence.DHumananimal communication.解析主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.”以及后面几个实验可知，整篇文章是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。答案C16What can we learn from the passage?ACrows are almost as clever as firstgra
42、ders in some respects.BCrows understand water displacement completely.CChimps and children are much smarter than crows.DThe story of “The Crow and the Pitcher” lacks evidence.解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as firstgraders.”可知，鸟儿在一些方面几乎跟一年级小
43、学生一样聪明。故选A项。根据第四段的实验可知，乌鸦并不能全面地理解排水量问题，故B项错误；根据最后一段的实验可知，黑猩猩和儿童跟乌鸦一样可以解决类似的问题，但这并不能说明他们比乌鸦聪明，故C项错误；根据第二段第一句Now scientists have evidence to back up that story.可知，科学家们已经有支持这则寓言的证据了，故D项错误。答案A.七选五阅读填空(2018贵州贵阳期末)Reading is an interesting and useful thing. You can read a novel or a poem. But do you know
44、how to read? Heres some advice for you.Define your purpose for reading. Before you start reading, ask yourself why you are reading this book. _1_ Being specific and clear about your reading purpose not only helps you to eliminate books that you dont need to read but also reminds you why reading the
45、book is important to you as you are reading it. _2_3_ Whether you are reading fiction or nonfiction, its important to enjoy what you read. Your friends may recommend books that they love, but those books might not necessarily be the ones you enjoy. Give up books that you dont enjoy. You may have sel
46、ected books that are aligned with(与一致) your purpose. _4_ But as you are reading them, there may still be some books that you wont enjoy reading. Whenever you realize that you arent enjoying the book you are reading, give it up. Remember reading shouldnt be a chore(令人厌烦的任务)Give yourself a deadline to
47、 complete each book. Before you read each book, ask yourself when you need to complete this book. When you dont set a deadline to complete your book, there isnt a sense of urgency. _5_ you tend to procrastinate(拖延)AWhen you must solve some problems，BWhen something isnt urgent，CBecause reading is ver
48、y important，DRead what you are attracted to.EYou may have selected books that you are attracted to.FMost people read for two main reasonspleasure or knowledge.GThis motivates you to keep reading and complete the book faster.语篇解读：文章主要针对如何阅读提出了四点建议：确定阅读目的；选择具有吸引力的书；放弃不喜欢的书；设定阅读截止日期。1解析本段主题为：确定阅读目的。F选项
49、“Most people read for two main reasonspleasure or knowledge”(大多数人有两种阅读目的愉悦与求知)很好地回答了前句中ask yourself why are you reading this book(询问自己为什么读这本书)的问题。答案F2解析根据第2空处的位置可知，本句应为小结句。根据前文叙述：具体且清晰的阅读目的既可以排除你不需要阅读的书目，也可以在阅读中提醒你阅读的重要性。G选项“这会激励你坚持阅读并且更快地完成阅读”符合语境。答案G3解析根据第3空处的位置可知，本空为该段的主题句，本段主要在讲选择你喜欢的书阅读。通读该段内容，尤其是其中的enjoy what you read与D选项中的关键词be attracted to是匹配的，符合语境。答案D4解析设空处前一句句式You may have selected books that.与E项“You may have selected books that.”的句式类似，且符合语境，故选E项。答案E5解析语境. you tend to procrastinate(你更容易拖延)与B项“When something isnt urgent”(当某件事情并不紧迫的时候)逻辑相匹配。答案B
