1、板块三不可忽视的小词代词、冠词和介词第1讲代词考点1代词的分类代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe，she, itweyouthey宾格meyouhim，her, itusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis，her, itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis，hers，itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself，herself，itselfourselvesyoursel
2、vesthemselves指示代词this, that, suchthese, those, such相互代词宾格each other, one another所有格each others, one anothers不定代词普通不定代词some, any, no, somebody, anybody，nobody, someone, anyone, no one，something, anything, nothing, none个体代词all, every, each, other, another, either，neither, both, half, everybody, everyo
3、ne，everything数量代词many, much, (a) few, (a) little, a lot of，lots of, a great deal, a great many疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what(用法请参阅名词性从句部分)关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that(用法请参阅定语从句部分)考点2不定代词1. all, both, either, any, none, neither都任何一个都不部分否定两者botheitherneithernot
4、 eitherboth和not连用三者或三者以上allanynonenot anyall和not连用The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions.以这个调查为基础，研究小组做了两个报告，但是两个都不包含任何有用的建议。When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?我什么时候(给你)打电话方便，上午还是下午？Either. Ill be in all day.都可以，我将一整天都在家。2
5、. none, nothing, no one/nobodynonenone既指人也指物，后面可接of短语，一般用来回答how many, how much 和which的提问nothingnothing只指物，后面不能接of短语，用来回答what的提问no one/nobodyno one和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短语，一般回答who的提问Even if the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它(的正确性)。Niki is always full o
6、f ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.尼基点子总是很多，但是据我所知，没有一个是有用的。全部否定和部分否定(1)no one，none，nobody，nothing，not. any/either以及“no名词”都表示全部否定。(2)all，both，everyone/everybody/everything以及“every名词”与not 连用时，表部分否定。3. other, the other, others, the others, anotherother可作形容词或代词，意思为“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的(人或物)”the othert
7、he other指两个人或物中的“另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one. the other. ”(一个另一个)another单独使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或其中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。常与one连用，构成“one. another. ”泛指“一个另一个”others, theothersothers泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于“other可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成“some. others. ”。the others特指“其余的所有人或物”，相当于“the other可数名词复数”To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of th
8、e fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相蹭着。In some countries，people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。考点3it的用法1. it指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象，还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。The employment rate has continued to rise i
9、n big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。替代词(it, that, one)的用法区别it特指前面提到过的同一个人或物that替代上文出现的“the不可数名词或单数可数名词”，表示特指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为thoseone替代上文出现的“a/an单数可数名词”，表示泛指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为ones2. it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。It is obv
10、ious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.对学生们来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开来。3. 表示喜欢、恨等心理方面的动词，后面接it再接宾语从句，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, apprec
11、iate等；另外，有些“动词介词”结构，如depend on, see to等后接it，再接宾语从句。如：I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.如果你能帮我一把，我会很感激的。You may depend on it that they will support you.你放心好了，他们会支持你的。4. 含有it的常考短语或句型。(1)believe it or not信不信由你make it成功，做到，约定时间as someone puts it像某人所说的那样When it comes to. 当涉及/谈到keep it in min
12、d that. 把铭记在心It depends. 视情况而定。Take it easy. 别着急。(2)Its (high) time that sb. should do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。Its the first/second/. time that sb. have/has done sth.是某人第一次/二次/次做某事。It is/has been. since. 自从多久了。It will be/was. before. 要过时间才It is/was时间点when. 当时候，时间是(3)It is/was被强调部分that/who. 单句语法填空1. (202
13、0天津市河西区高三总复习质量调查)The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.2. (2020吉林五地六校合作体期末考试)So I went from one bookstore to another, hoping to find something suitable for him.3. (2020山东聊城模拟)When it comes to Microsoft, the first person we think of is Bill Gates.4.
14、(2020福建永安模拟)While making a choice from various ways of spending our time, we ought to ensure something that restores our lost energy and cheers us (we) up.5. (2020山东师大附中模拟)Written Chinese came out in its (it) earliest form approximately 6，000 years ago. 6. (2020安徽阜阳模拟)When told that it was a loss to
15、 humans, the farmers burst into laughter and responded, “Our real loss is our (we) decreasing income.” 7. We sang songs and played games with the old people and had tea together. Some of them (they) were in poor health and were very unhappy.8. But I think he works too hard. I hope hell go out and en
16、joy himself (him) for a change.9. When Kerry and Sam met again two years later, each was pleased to see the other (other)10. I know you want to borrow money but I dont have any at hand myself. 语篇语法填空(2020东北师大附中摸底)A study by researchers showed that texting on mobile phones could help smokers quit smo
17、king.The study 1. _ (publish) on Tuesday in a journal showed among smokers 2. _ received mobile phonebased messages about quitting smoking for 12 weeks, 6.5% stopped smoking by the end of the study.The researchers from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China said the interve
18、ntion (干预) could have a 3. _ (great) reach than inperson treatments. It has great effect on improving peoples health and should 4. _ (consider) for largescale use in China, according to the study.They conducted a trial across China from August 2016 to May 2017, 5. _ (cover) a total of 1，369 adult sm
19、okers. Participants were assigned to 6. _ 12week intervention consisting 7. _ either highfrequency or lowfrequency messaging, or to a control group that received text 8. _ (message) unrelated to quitting smoke. Twelve weeks later, 6.5% of 9. _ stopped continuous smoking actively in the highfrequency
20、 group 10. _ 6% got rid of smoking in the lowfrequency group. 1.9% of them stopped smoking in the control group.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，短信能够帮助人们戒烟。在一个为期12周的接收与戒烟相关的高频短信干预实验组中，约6.5%的参与者主动戒烟；在低频短信干预实验组中，6%的参与者成功戒烟；而接收跟戒烟无关的短信息的对照组中，只有1.9%的人戒烟。这一研究发现对改善人体健康意义重大。1. published考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，本句中谓语为showed
21、，设空处与其之间无连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式；且The study和publish之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填published。2. who/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为smokers，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语。故填who/that。3. greater考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，此处应用比较级。故填greater。4. be considered考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，设空处为and后分句的谓语动词，且主语It与consider之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且由空前的should可知，此处be动词应用原形。
22、故填be considered。5. covering考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式；且cover与a trial之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填covering。6. a考查冠词。此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，且12week以辅音音素开头。故填a。7. of考查固定用法。consist of. 意为“由组成”，为固定用法。故填of。8. messages考查名词的单复数。此处message为可数名词，其前无冠词及限定词修饰，根据语境可知，应用其复数形式。故填messages。9. them考查代词。句意：12周后，在高频组中，6.5%的人主动戒烟，(而)在低频组中，有6%的人摆脱了吸烟(的习惯)。此处位于介词of后，根据句意可知，应用代词宾格them指代参与高频组的吸烟者。故填them。10. while/and考查连词。根据句意可知，此处前后分句之间为对比或并列关系。故填while 或and。
