1、省略一、省略的定义为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句子中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。按照省略的部分可分为句子成分的省略和词的省略。观察例句1A：Oh，I just love hamburgers.B：Me，too.2A：So its the food of many different cultures，all in one dish?B：Exactly.3A real mix of cultures here!4Cant wait!归纳用法1简单句及并列句中的省略省略成分情况说明主语在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略谓语或谓语的一部分为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略
2、表语答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略宾语省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可省略(I)Beg your pardon.请您原谅。/请再说一遍。Some of us study Japanese；others(study)English.我们中有些人学习日语，有些人学习英语。Do you know Mr. Li?I dont know(him)你认识李先生吗？不认识。She washed(the shirt)，ironed(the shirt)，and fold
3、ed the shirt.她洗了衬衫，并且把它熨好、折叠好。Sorry，(youve dialed the) wrong number.对不起，你拨错号了。2复合句中的省略(1)主句中的省略常见于句首或回答问题时，只用从句。Why didnt you come to class yesterday?(I didnt come to class yesterday)Because I was ill.你昨天为什么没来上课？因为我病了。(2)宾语从句中的省略在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。I know(that)she
4、is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。(3)状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语中有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：在as，before，till，until，when，while等引导的时间状语从句中。While(I was)walking along the street，I heard my name called.当我正沿街而行时，我听到有人叫我的名字。在though，although等引导的让步状
5、语从句中。Though(they were)tired，they went on working.虽然累了，但他们继续工作。在if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中。You shouldnt come to his party unless(you are)invited.除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。在as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句中。He did as(he was)told.他按要求去做了。名师点津在虚拟语气中，常省掉if，从句使用倒装句式。Were I you(If I were you)，I should give that guy a goo
6、d lesson.如果我是你的话，我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。(4)定语从句中的省略一般来说，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。The man(whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.你昨天见到的那个人生病了。The man，whom you saw yesterday，fell ill.那个人生病了，你昨天见到他了。当先行词是way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用in which或that，也可以省略。The way(in which/that)thes
7、e comrades treat problems is wrong.这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。即学即练1完成句子这座城市再也不是过去那样了。The city is no longer what it used to be尽管我们都精疲力竭，但我们都没有停下来。Though worn out，we didnt stop.要是明天下雨的话，我就待在家里不出去。Should it rain tomorrow，I would stay at home.3动词不定式中的省略动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况，一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号to的省略。(1)省略动词
8、不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况一些表示心理活动，情感态度的动词或短语，如expect，want，hope，wish，love，hate，decide，plan，mean，try，would like，be ready，be afraid，be glad等后，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。Will you go with me?Well，Id like to(go with you)你愿意和我一起去吗？嗯，我愿意(和你一起去)。不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to后的动词部分，即用to代替整个不定式。Youd better finish the job on time if he o
9、rdered you to(finish the job on time)如果他命令你，你最好按时完成工作。名师点津如果该不定式后的动词是be或完成时态，则需在to后加上be或have。Are you a lawyer?No，but I hope to be(a lawyer)你是律师吗？不是，但是我希望是。Have you been to the West Lake?I hope to have(been to the West Lake)你去过西湖吗？我希望去过(西湖)。(2)省略动词不定式符号to的情况动词不定式作感官动词feel，see，notice，watch，find，hear，l
10、isten to，observe和使役动词have，make，let等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。We often hear him sing the song at home.He is often heard to sing the song at home.我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and，or，than，but连接时，从第二个不定式起，往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。Shed like to take off her coat and have
11、 a break.她想脱下外套休息一会儿。Its more difficult to do than to say.做比说难(强调语意前后对比)。在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。Why get so excited？为什么变得那么激动？名师点津but，except作介词，后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，反之则要带to。*She could do nothing but cry.她除了哭什么也做不了。*He has no choice but to leave.除了离开，他别无选择。即学即练2单句语法填空They
12、 have seen her grow(grow) up from childhood.The teacher came not to punish you but to help(help) you.She was made to work(work) for ten hours a day.I have no choice but to accept(accept) his conditions.单句语法填空1Some of you may have finished Unit One.If so，you can go on to Unit Two.2Whats the matter wi
13、th Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still hopes to3When completed(complete)，the museum will be open to the public next year.4Are you a volunteer now?No, but I used to be(be). I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.5Should(shall) he come, the problem would
14、 be settled.6The war is very likely to break out in the near future.I am afraid soIf the situation goes as it is.7Ill be away on business. Would you mind looking after my cat?Id be glad to8They landed safely on the island in the Pacific.Everything went on better than expected(expect)9She hurriedly l
15、eft the room as if angry(anger)10What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.短文语法填空A lot of people like keeping pets. The most common pets that 1.are kept(keep) throughout the world are cats and dogs. The following are the major advantages of keeping pets.Pets like dogs require reg
16、ular walking and exercise for proper 2.development(develop). As you take your dog out for 3.a walk，you are also going to exercise your whole body. In fact，dog owners spent a lot more time 4.walking(walk) compared to other people.5Though sharing your problems and difficulties with good friends is goo
17、d, research shows that spending some time with your pets might be more useful. Also, when 6.doing(do) difficult tasks, people experience less stress if they have their pets with them. This could possibly 7.be(be) because pets do not question or judge their owners；they simply support them.People who
18、walk with their pets, especially dogs，are more welcoming and it gives them something 8.to talk(talk) about with other people.This way，they can make friends 9.easily(easy)Keeping pets has various advantages，but 10.it also has some disadvantages. Pets come with extra work and this can cause stress to the owners.6
