1、 3.29号英语作业 （A）Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5, 500 years ago in ancient Asia. The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It i
2、s over 5, 100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around. But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smoot
3、h surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces werent going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before th
4、e arrival of modern road design. In the mid-1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of roada base layer(层)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time, me
5、tal hubs(the central part of a wheel)came into being, followed by the pneumatics tyre(充气轮胎)in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster. 64.What might explain why transport wheels didnt
6、 become popular for some time? A.Few knew how to use transport wheels. B.Humans carried farming tools just as well. C.Animals were a good means of transport. D.The existence of transport wheels was not known.65.What do we know about road design from the passage? A.It was easier than wheel design. B.
7、It improved after big changes in vehicle design. C.It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles. D.It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.66.How is the last paragraph mainly developed? A.By giving examples. B.By making comparisons. C.By following time order. D.By making classifications.67.Wha
8、t is the passage mainly about? A.The beginning of road design. B.The development of transport wheels. C.The history of public transport. D.The invention of fast-moving vehicles. (B)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of
9、a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say
10、the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in
11、which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the
12、heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling
13、of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brainspeakto each other to change our feelings and reduce fear, ”Dr Garfinkel said.“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more success
14、ful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”47.What is the finding of the study? A.Ones heart affects how he feels fear. B.Fear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat. C.Fear has something to do with ones health.D.Ones fast heartbeats ar
15、e likely to cause fear.48.The study was carried out by analyzing. A.volunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures B.the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions C.volunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans D.different pictures shown to v
16、olunteers and their heart-brain communication49.Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism”in Paragraph 6? A.Order.B.System. C.Machine. D.Treatment.50.This study may contribute to. A.treating anxiety and stress better B.explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety C.finding the key to the
17、 heart-brain communication D.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads A篇【文章大意】本文主要讲述了运输用的轮子的发展史。64.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知“动物是相当好的运输方式”,所以运输用的轮子有一段时间没有流行起来。65.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“在现代道路设计到来之前轮子和车辆设计没有重大改变”可知是道路设计为轮子的发展提供了条件。66.【解析】选C。篇章结构题。由最后一段的“In the mid-1700s.;in the 1820s.;in 1
18、846.;in 1967.”可看出此段是按时间顺序来写的。67.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了运输用的轮子的发展史。 B篇【文章大意】这是一篇科普说明文。说明了一项研究的结果:心脏和大脑一样都可以感受恐惧,而且发现了心脏的跳动循环和一个人感到恐惧的可能性之间的联系。47.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知研究的结果:心脏的跳动循环和感到恐惧之间存在着联系,心脏收缩时更可能产生恐惧感。故选A项。48.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句话可知研究观察的是当志愿者被展示给一些恐怖面孔时他们对于恐惧的反应是怎样的;再结合第五段的第一句话可知科学家们是通过观察大脑扫描仪来
19、发现大脑是如何影响心脏改变一个人恐惧感的方式。故可以得出C项为正确答案。49.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。结合后面的定语从句的内容:通过这个“mechanism”大脑和心脏之间相互交流来改变我们的情感和减少恐惧。由此可推知这应该是一种途径,一种体系,故选B项。50.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的最后一句话“.we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”可知这项研究通过加深我们对如何处理恐惧以及减轻恐惧的方式的理解,从而有可能研究出治疗anxiety和stress更成功的办法。
