1、Section Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语语法点拨过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系，表示被动或完成。一、过去分词作定语1过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。The recovered anima
2、ls will be released soon.痊愈的动物会很快被释放。名师点津有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构
3、成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。Is there anything unsolved?还有什么没解决的吗？(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。Last Tuesday in a mountainous area, there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck.上周二在一个山区，当雷击发生时有173只羊即刻被雷电击死
4、。2过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(表被动)卡车与公共汽车皆烧燃气，燃气装在车顶上的大袋中。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表被动和完成)会上提出的计划将很快被执行。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Our retired soccer
5、 coach went to watch us play a game last week.上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀。3过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行As we all know, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。The visitor came from a developed country.这位游客来自一个发达国家。4过去分词(done
6、)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别意义形式语态时态done被动完成being done被动进行to be done被动尚未发生The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The building being built now is our classroom building.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
7、下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。即学即练用所给词的适当形式填空The adobe dwellings (土坯房)built(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern architects and engineers.The witnesses questioned(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.同义句转换He is a teac
8、her loved by his students.He is a teacher who_is_loved_by_his_students.The girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now.The girl, brought_up_by_her_uncle， has begun to work now.选择填空过去分词作定语有三种情况：A只表被动 B只表完成 C既表被动又表完成请判断下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种情况America is a developed country.( B )I found it hard
9、 to understand the English spoken by the native villagers.( A )Is there anything planned for the weekend？( C )用分词短语作定语补全句子Even though it is still in summer, there are many there_are_many_fallen_leaves on the ground.即使仍是夏天，地上已有很多的落叶。Nowadays there are a lot of manmade satellites flying_in_space.如今在太空
10、中有许许多多人造卫星在飞行。二、过去分词作宾语补足语(一)常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况1过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。2过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。(1)“have/get宾语过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飞机起飞前一个小时克
11、莱尔对行李进行了安检。While they were on holiday, they had their car broken into.他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。(2)在“make宾语过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。3感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。When we saw the road blocked with
12、snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。4表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.经理要求在本周末完
13、成这项工作。5过去分词用在“with宾语宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放即将做好的饭菜。John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴会邀请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。即学即练用所给词的适当形式填空B
14、ack from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed(wash)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse) with her stories.With th
15、e problem solved(solve), the quality has been improved.The boss wouldnt like the topic discussed(discuss) at the meeting.He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself noticed(notice)(二)非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别1感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以h
16、ear为例)：I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动，无时间性)2使役动词
17、make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较(1)make宾语The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies.我先向他们做了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了自己的爱好。Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。He had us la
18、ughing all through the meal.整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。My elder sister had her walled stolen on a bus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。(3)get宾语He got me to post the letter for him.他让我替他寄信。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。Ill get my cellphone repaired to
19、morrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。3with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较withWeChat is like a public network, with people sharing information publicly; whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody.微信像是一个公开网络，人们
20、公开分享信息，不管他们说什么、发布什么，大家都可以看到。With a great weight taken off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。With a lot of work to do, she wasnt allowed to leave her office.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。即学即练对比填空I saw your wallet drop(drop) from your pocket.The missing boy was last seen
21、playing(play) near the river.When he came back, he was glad to see the work finished(finish)用所给词的适当形式填空Barbara often makes a schedule to get herself reminded(remind) of what she is going to do in the day.He wants to have his eyes examined(examine) tomorrow.He spoke slowly and clearly so that he coul
22、d make himself understood(understand)Li Hua, who was busy preparing a report, couldnt put up with the loud noise, so he kept all the windows shut(shut) all day long.用所给词的适当形式填空The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following(follow) them.With many brightlycolour
23、ed flowers planted(plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.With so many things to_consider(consider), we havent decided on the final plan yet.专项练习.单句语法填空1This is the statue of a brave soldier seated(seat) on a horse, with a gun on his back.2Professor Jordan gave us a more
24、 confusing (confuse) lecture this afternoon and most of us were confused (confuse)3He is enthusiastically talking with a man called (call) Mike.4The meeting held (hold) yesterday was of great importance.5The boy absorbed (absorb) in his homework was my deskmate.6Do you know the tower located (locate
25、) in the heart of the city?7There is a determined (determine) look on her face.8The people linked (link) to the robbery were put into prison.9The girl lost (lose) in thought is second to none in maths.10There is a polluted (pollute) river near my house, giving a bad smell.11When he came back ten yea
26、rs later，he found his hometown greatly changed(change)12I want him to_finish (finish) the homework in time.13My father had had the house painted (paint) before we moved in.14The end of the story left me puzzled (puzzle)15I turned around because I heard someone speaking (speak) my hometown dialect.16
27、The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard(hear)17I saw them playing (play) football when I passed by.18They kept the door locked (lock) for a long time.19We can hear the windows beaten (beat) by the rain drops.20We must get the work finished (finish) by 10 oclock.完成句子1When he woke up, he fo
28、und_himself_surrounded by a group of children.(surround)醒来时，他发现自己被一群孩子围着。2Where did you have_your_book_printed？(have)你的书在哪里印刷的？3With_all_the_work_finished， I feel very relaxed now.(with)所有的工作都做完了，我觉得现在很轻松。4They have_their_classroom_cleaned after school every day.(have)他们每天放学后打扫教室。5While you were out
29、, you should keep_your_doors_and_windows_closed.(keep)外出时，你应关着门和窗子。6We had better work harder to get_our_homework_finished on time.(get)我们最好努力一点以便按时做完作业。7They knew her very well. They watched_her_grow_up from childhood.(grow up)他们对她很了解。他们看着她从小长大的。8With_the_wall_painted_white，the room seems larger.(p
30、aint)墙刷成白色的了，房间看上去大了。9With_his_money_stolen，the man cant afford a ticket.(steal)钱被偷了，那个人买不起票了。10When his wife returned, the husband noticed_her_hair_cut_short.(cut)妻子回来时，丈夫注意到她的头发剪短了。.语法主题应用李华和同学刘青在谈论他的英国之行，请根据语境和提示完成对话。Liu Qing：Welcome back. 1.Did_you_have_a_good_trip？(旅行快乐吗？)?Li Hua：Wonderful. Eve
31、rything in England 2.made_me_excited(使我兴奋). There were lots of tourist attractions such as Big Ben and Tower of London.Liu Qing：What else kept you impressed?Li Hua：On my arrival, 3.I_found_myself_lost_in_the_way(我发现自己迷路了). Whats more, I cant make myself understood.Liu Qing：What did you do then?Li Hua：When I was at a loss, I 4.noticed_a_Chinese_cross_the_street(注意到一个中国人过马路). So, I turned to her for help.Liu Qing：You are so lucky.
