1、热点04 语法填空【命题趋势】在一篇200左右词的短文中留出十个空白，所设空白分有词填空和无词填空二种。有词填空题考查：时态、语态、形容词或副词的级、非谓语动词和简单构词法。无词填空考查：代词、冠词、连词、介词和情态动词。要求考生根据空白所在句的句式结构及句子间的逻辑关系，用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填写，以便使短文准确无误。本题型主要考查考生在文章中正确使用英语语法知识的能力。【满分技巧】 答题原则：以句子为单位来考虑含有空白的句子。答不出时，再考虑设空所在句与前句或后句的关系。A. 有词填空题 这类题在一个设空处可填一至三个词，其中考查最多、最难的是用动词的正确形式填空。这包含对时态、语态
2、、非谓语动词及构词法知识的考查。首先要确定该空应该使用谓语动词(时态、语态、)还是用非谓语动词。规律是：每个句子(从第一个词到句号或叹号算作一个句子)都遵循这个等式：谓语数-1=连词数。其中一个破折号(若后面是句子)、分号、冒号算作一个连词；连接并列成分的连词，承接上文的连词，以及 when、if、though与非谓语动词连用时的不计数。在填含有已给动词的空白时，依据已知的谓语动词和连词的数量所构成的等式来判断。若左边(前面)再加1等式才成立，需要填谓语动词；若相等，需要填非谓语动词(详见下列技巧应用)B. 无词填空题这类题一个空白只许填一个词，其中考查最多、最难的是填从属连词。判断是否填连词
3、的方法也是根据上述等式(遇到难句、长句、复杂句，才使用)来考虑：即, 若右边(后面)再加1等式才成立, 需要填连词。考查代词、冠词、连词、介词、形容词或副词的级和情态动词的填空题相对较简单。将在技巧应用或限时检测中详述。【技巧应用】下面以2019年高考英语卷二为例来阐述满分技巧的实际应用：A. 原题A 90-year-old has been awarded Woman Of The Year for 61 (be) Britains oldest full-time employee still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works
4、 from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene 64 (declare) she had
5、no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 who works alongside her in t
6、he family business said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her
7、. Its 70 (wonder).” B. 应用【文章大意】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算。因此授予她 “年度女士”称号。61.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要填非谓语动词。依据是：此句等式左右相等：即1谓语(has been awarded)-1=0(无连词)；再根据设空前介词for可知，此处使用动名词作宾语，因为介词需要名词、代词、动名词做宾语。故填being。62.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要填连词。依据是：此句右边(后面)再加1等式才成立：即：2谓语(works，open
8、ed)-1= 0(句子中无连词)+1；再根据设空后的句子与上文先the pet shop有关，与名词有关的句子常是定语从句，那么the pet shop为先行词，在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语，故用which。63.【解析】根据设空所处位置可知，此处需要副词作状语以修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。64.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要谓语动词。依据是：此句左边(前面)再加1等式才成立：即1谓语(had) -1+1=1(she had no plan前省略引导宾语从句的连词that)。再根据本段谓语时态都
9、是一般过去时态，根据时态一致原则，此处谓语动词也使用相同时态。故填declared。65.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要非谓语动词。依据是：此句等式左右相等：即2谓语(declared, had) -1=1(she had no plan前省略引导宾语从句的连词that)。再根据名词plan可知此处需要用to do sth做后置定语以修饰它，因为对于一个带不定式做宾语的动词来说，当它变为名词时也用不定式作定语。故填to retire。66.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要谓语动词。依据是：此句左边(前面)再加1等式才成立：即1谓语(love)-1+1=1(引导定语
10、从句且省略的连词who / that。friends是先行词)。再根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态。故填have made。67.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要填并列连词。依据是：主句I work含有二个转折意义的句子(not because I have to, because I want to.), 因此填but。另外“notbut不是而是 ”也是一个常见搭配。 句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。68.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要非谓语动词。依据是：此句等式左右相等：即4谓语(got,was
11、 short-listed, thought, was a joke) -1=3(when和引导宾语从句且省略的两个连词that)。再根据名词call与动词say是主谓关系，因此用现在分词saying作call的后置定语。故填saying。69.【解析】设空处需要填限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词)。依据是：可数名词除习惯用法外不可以单数形式独立出现，它前面一定有限定词限定(修饰)。此处joke为泛指，故填a。70.【解析】设空处需要填可作表语的词。那么名词、非谓语动词、形容词等都可充当表语。所给词wonder既可看作动词，也可看作名词。若看作名词，应该这样命题Its 70
12、 wonder. 答案是a，句意是：那是一件神奇的事情。可看作动词，填to wonder(想知道；因缺少宾语不可用), wondering(感到着迷的；觉得惊奇的；正规词典没有这个词)，所以只能运用构词法知识变为形容词wonderful (精彩的；绝妙的)。故填wonderful。上文的“blow away使打动，使陶醉其中”也暗示了这一点。【热点话题】阅读、健康、运动、科技、环保等【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A话题：5G技术难度：建议用时：8分钟(河北省衡水中学2020届高三上学期第四次调研考试)According to Xinhua News Agency, the Palace M
13、useum and Huawei signed a cooperation agreement on March 15. The two sides will set an example 61 5G application.The Palace Museum received more than 17 million visitors in 2018, 62 (make) it the most visited museum in the world. In the past 20 years, an office information network covering the whole
14、 museum 63 (build) gradually. The museum has developed an App that provides an in-depth 64 (explain) of cultural relic information and cultural services. Also, the museum has research on the application of VR, AR, AI and other 65 (technique) in museums. 66 signing of the agreement marks a new chapte
15、r in the strategic cooperation between the Palace Museum and Huawei Technologies Co. So, Huawei will make efforts 67 (accelerate) the intelligent construction of the Palace Museum.“The 600-year-old Palace Museum has never been so close to science and technology, Shan Jixiang said 68 (proud), directo
16、r of the Palace Museum.Shan shared many ideas about the 5G Palace Museum. With the help of advanced technology, 69 is expected that in the future, audiences around the world will be able to experience and visit the Palace Museum, whether it is a field trip or a virtual tour. Also, the use of AI tech
17、nology provides a 70 (broad) platform and stronger knowledge support for cultural relics among young people.【文章大意】此文报道：为推动5G技术的应用，故宫与华为签署合作协议的原因、目的及所带来的乐观前景。61. 【解析】设空处需要填介词。依据是：动词set与example构成的句型结构“set an example for / to sb / sth”要求这样。因此答案是for / to62. 【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要非谓语动词。依据是：此句等式左右相等：即1谓语
18、(received) -1=0，visited在此是过去分词作museum的定语。再根据名词Palace Museum与动词make是主谓关系，因此用现在分词making作结果状语。故填making。63. 【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要谓语动词。依据是：此句左边(前面)再加1等式才成立：即0谓语(没有谓语)-1+1=0(没有连词)。再根据句中的时间状语“In the past 20 years”可知：此处用现在完成时态。另外动词build与名词museum时动宾关系，应该使用被动语态。故填have been built。64. 【解析】设空处需要填名词。依据是：设空前的冠词a
19、n需要名词，in-depth是作定语的复合形容词修饰设空处的名词。再根据构词知识可知填explain的名词形式explanation。65.【解析】设空处需要填复数形式的名词。依据是：other只有修饰复数形式的名词时，前面才可无冠词。因此填techniques。66. 【解析】设空处需要填定冠词。依据是：此处的“signing of the agreement协议的签订”特指上文 “the Palace Museum and Huawei signed a cooperation agreement”中的cooperation agreement，根据定冠词知识可知填The。67. 【解析】
20、根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要非谓语动词。依据是：此句等式左右相等：即1谓语(will make) -1=0。再根据make efforts to do这个句型结构可知需要动词不定式，因此填to accelerate。68【解析】设空处需要填副词。依据是：设空处所填的词修饰动词“said”。再根据构词法可知填proud的副词形式proudly。69.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要代词而不是连词。依据是：此句等式左右相等：即3谓语(is, will be able to experience and visit他们是并列谓语算作一个, is)-1=2连词(that, wh
21、ether。连接并列成分的and不计数)。再根据有关形式主语(it代替“in the future, audiences around the world will be able to experience and visit the Palace Museum, whether it is a field trip or a virtual tour.”作形式主语)知识可知填it。70. 【解析】设空处需要填形容词比较级。依据是：设空处后面的“stronger knowledge”暗示填形容词比较级。故答案是broader.B(2020届河北邯郸大名一中高三第10次周测试题)话题：环保难度
22、：建议用时：8分钟Litter is everywhere，doing great harm 46 the environment and life on our planet. Jeff Kirschner, who wants to build a litter-free world，started a global community named Litterati 47 (settle)this problem.The story began with his 6-year-old daughter. One day they were going on a hike when the
23、 girl noticed a 48 (break)plastic tub (浴盆)in a river. She said, “Daddy，that doesnt go there.” That took Kirschner by surprise. He, like many adults, had become so used to the rubbish around them that he hadnt given it a second look. 49 his daughter said reminded him of the serious problem our planet
24、 faces.Jeff started to take 50 (act). He created Litterati, an app that makes it fun to pick up litter. The idea is 51 (fair) simple: Spot a piece of trash，take a photo, post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins. 52 (see)that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was
25、having on the planet，people worldwide started participating. Up to now, over 2, 500, 000 photos posted by 3,500 people from over 40 countries 53 (find)their way to Litteratis digital landfill.Litterati is more than an app. It is a highly 54 (effect)solution to a pressing issue. Wherever you live，wha
26、tever you do and 55 you are，join Litterati to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in.【文章大意】Jeff受到6岁女儿看到河里垃圾而惊讶这件事的启发，开发了软件，它使得捡拾垃圾成为快乐的事情。目前，它激励全世界的人们参与到环保中来。46. 【解析】设空处需要填介词。依据是：do harm to sb / sth这个词组暗示设空处需要介词to。47. 【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要非谓语动词。依据是：此句等式左右相等：即2谓语(wants,started；name
27、d Litterati是修饰community作定语的过去分词短语) -1=1(who)。再根据逻辑可知：动词“settle”与“this problem”构成短语作目的状语，非谓语动词中，不定式常作目的状语，因此填to settle。48. 【解析】冠词与名词之间只能填作定语的词，即：形容词、名词、非谓语动词。设空处已给动词(break)，那么，只能填非谓语动词。再根据动词break与名词tub是动宾关系，需要过去分词表达被动。故填broken。49. 【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要填连词。依据是：此句右边(后面)再加1等式才成立：即：2谓语(said, reminded)-
28、1=0(句子中无连词)+1。再根据动词said缺指物的宾语，动词reminded的主语是前面的句子主语从句，因此填What。它在主语从句中做宾语。50. 【解析】设空处需要填名词。依据是：动词take需要宾语，而它又不需要非谓语动词作宾语，因此只能运用构词法知识把act变为action。固定词组“take action采取行动”也暗示这样填。51. 【解析】设空处需要填副词。依据是：设空处所填的词用来修饰形容词simple，因此只能填fairly(相当地)52. 【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要非谓语动词。依据是：此句等式左右相等：即3谓语(was keeping, was ha
29、ving , started) -1=2(that引导从句作see的宾语，that / which引导修饰impact的定语从句，它因在从句中作宾语而省略)。再根据see that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet与本句构成的因果关系和people与see是主谓关系可知此处需要现在分词作原因状语，因此填seeing。53【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要谓语动词。依据是：此句左边(前面)再加1等式才成立：即0谓语(没有谓语)-1+1=0(没有连词)。再根据句中的时
30、间状语“Up to now”可知：此处用现在完成时态， 因此填have found。54【解析】冠词与名词之间只能填作定语的词，即：形容词、名词。effect意为影响时是名词，它不可作定语，因此只能运用构成法知识将其变为形容词作定语，故填effective。55【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要连词。依据是：此句右边(后面)再加1等式才成立：即：4谓语(live, do, are, join )-1=2(Wherever, whatever；and连接并列的三个状语从句不计数)+1。再根据设空所在从句you are缺表语，设空处前的并列连词and暗示填引导让步状语从句的whoeve
31、r。C(2020届吉林德惠市实验学校、前郭五中等九校高三上期中联考)话题：科技使用不当的弊端难度：建议用时：7分钟Technology is amazing when it keeps people connected but it comes at a price. Staring down at your phone or computer for long periods of time 61 (put) great tension (紧张) on your neck. You might feel pain in your neck and shoulders. When 62 (le
32、ave) untreated, it leads to what is called “tech neck”. 63 (fortunate), there are a few simple steps to help you. 64 (begin) with, limit the amount of time you spend on your phone or computer. Develop the habit of taking 65 three-minute break every 15-20 minutes when you use your phone or computer.
33、Do neck exercises meanwhile. It is equally important to use proper 66 (equip) for computer work. Having an adjustable chair is 67 (benefit). It helps you maintain the good posture and provides adequate support for your neck while you are sitting. It is also recommended 68 you buy neck support pillow
34、s and neck collars. They may help relieve your pain and allow your neck to recover slowly over time.If your tech neck problems keep worsening, then it is time to seek help 69 a qualified health professional. As a general rule, the sooner you seek treatment, the 70 (likely) it is that you will succee
35、d in treating the problem. 【文章大意】本文阐述了过度看手机和电脑屏幕对健康带来的危害及预防和治疗这种危害的建议。61.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要谓语动词。依据是：此句左边(前面)再加1等式才成立：即0谓语(没有谓语)-1+1=0(没有连词)。再根据该句叙述客观事实，因此谓语动词使用一般现在时态，而主语是动名词短语Staring down at your phone or computer for long periods of time，故填单数第三人称形式的谓语，即puts。62. 【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要非谓语动词。依据
36、是：此句等式左右相等：即2谓语(leads, is called) -1=1(what；因when后没有主语不计数)。再根据动词leave与it(指代上文的pain)是动宾关系可知：设空处需要所填词与untreated构成过去分词短语作时间状语，因此填left。63. 【解析】根据设空所在的位置和语境可知，设空处需要修饰正规句子的副词作状语，因此填Fortunately。64.【解析】To begin with(首先)是起强调作用的固定用语，因此填To begin65. 【解析】take a break是一个固定词组。故填a。固定词组需要牢记，其构成形式无道理可讲，是习惯、是约定俗成。66.【
37、解析】设空处需填可作动词use宾语的词，它需要名词、代词作宾语，因此填equip的名词形式equipment。67.【解析】设空处需要填形容词。依据是：is后需要表语。名词，形容词，非谓语动词都可作表语，而benefit本身既是名词又是动词，显然此处使用名词和动名词都不符合语境，而且表语常是形容词。那么只能填benefit的形容词形式beneficial了。68.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要连词。依据是：此句右边(后面)再加1等式才成立：即：2谓语(is also recommended，buy)-1=0(无连词)+1。再根据设空所在句位置和it可知：该句是一个由it代替th
38、at(因从句不缺主要成分且表达确切意义)引导的从句作形式主语的句式，故填that。69.【解析】设空处需要填介词。依据是：help在此是名词，设空后还是名词短语a qualified health professional。再根据语境可知seek help from sb这个结构适合此处，因此填from。70.【解析】设空处需要填形容词比较级。依据是：“the more+句子，the more+句子”这个句型结构暗示填more likely。D(2020届吉林省重点高中高三上第二次月考卷)话题：名校简介难度：建议用时：7分钟The University of Oxford is truly a
39、n international university. Its 61 (old) than any other university in the English-speaking world. Its thought that teaching 62 (take) place there as early as the 11th century. 63 (lie) in and around the city center of Oxford, the university consists of 44 colleges and halls as well as the largest li
40、brary system in the UK. There are 22,000 students at Oxford in total, around 40% of 64 are international students. A quarter of the city of Oxfords residents(居民) 65 (be) students, giving the city the youngest population in the UK. Oxford is 66 youthful city with plenty to see and do. Students can ch
41、oose 67 (spend)their time studying or help themselves to various activities available. The universitys particular 68 (strong) is the sciences, and its ranked number one in the world for medicine. Its also ranked highly for sport， with its top rowers taking part every year 69 the world-famous boat ra
42、ce with the University of Cambridge on the River Thames.It has a friendly rivalry(竞争)with Cambridge for the title of best university in the UK and is 70 (regular) ranked as being one of the top three universities in the world.【文章大意】短文介绍了牛津大学的历史和现状。61.【解析】设空处需要填形容词。依据是：设空处后面的than暗示填比较级，故填older。62.【解析
43、】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要谓语动词。依据是：此句左边(前面)再加1等式才成立：即1谓语(was thought)-1+1=1(that)。再根据设空所在句的时间状语“as early as the 11th century”可知，这个句子叙述的是过去的事，因此使用一般过去时态。故填took。63. 【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要非谓语动词。依据是：此句等式左右相等：即1谓语(consists) -1=0(无连词)。再根据名词university与动词lie是主谓关系，另外动词“lie”和“in and around the city center of Oxfor
44、d”构成的短语与后面的句子是因果关系，因此设空处填现在分词作原因状语。故填lying。句意是：由于坐落于牛津市中心和市郊广大地区，这所大学用有44学院、众多大厅以及英国最大的图书藏量和馆舍。64. 【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要连词。依据是：此句右边(后面)再加1等式才成立：即：2谓语(are，are)-1=0(无连词)+1。再根据around 40% of与前面22,000 students有关可知从句含有一个非限定性定语从句，其先行词是students，在从句中作介词of的宾语，因此填whom。around 40% of whom构成的短语作are internationa
45、l students的主语。65. 【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要谓语动词。依据是：此句左边(前面)再加1等式才成立：即0谓语(没有谓语)-1+1=0(没有连词)。因为设空所在句叙述的是现在的事实，因此使用一般现在时态，主语是复数形式的名词residents。故填are。66. 【解析】设空处需要填限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词)。依据是：可数名词除习惯用法外不可以单数形式独立出现，它前面一定有限定词限定(修饰)。此处说处于某种状态的牛津市，故填a。类似的还有：a rising sun一轮初升太阳，a heavily polluted earth被严重污染的地球。67.【解析】根据设空所在句已知部分判断，设空处需要非谓语动词。依据是：此句等式左右相等：即1谓语(can choose) -1=0(无连词)。再根据choose to do句型结构可知填to spend。68.【解析】设空处需要填名词。设空所在句缺主语，空前面都是本句主语的定语，因此填strong的名词形式strength。69. 【解析】设空处需要填介词。依据是：固定词组take part in暗示填in。70. 【解析】设空处需要填副词。依据是：设空所填词修饰动词rank，因此填regular的副词形式regular。
