1、北京市海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解一轮巩固练习(5)及答案阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。Like distance runners on measured course, all of us will move through time in a roughly predictable pattern. In the first stage of our lives, we develop and grow, reaching toward the top of physical vitality (energy). After we grow
2、 up, however, the body begins a process of gradually wearing out. A new awareness of physical fitness may help lengthen our years of health and vitality, yet nothing we do will work to stop the unavoidable force of aging. Most of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body. The lungs become
3、 less able to take in oxygen. Powerful muscles gradually lose their strength. The heart loses power and pumps less blood. Bones grow easier to break. Finally, we meet a stress, a stress that is greater than our physical resistance. Often, it is only a minor accident or chance infection (a disease ca
4、used by virus), but this time, it brings life to an end. In 1932, a classic experiment nearly doubled the lifetime of rats, simply by cutting back the calories (unit for measuring the energy value of food)in their diet. The reason for the effect was then unknown. Today, at the University of Californ
5、ia at Berkley, Dr. Paul Seagle has also greatly lengthened the normal lifetime of rats. The result was achieved through a special protein (蛋白质)limited diet, which had a great effect on the chemistry of the brain. Seagle showed that within the brain, specific chemicals control many of the signals tha
6、t influence aging. By changing that chemical balance, the clock of aging can be reset. For the first time, the mystery (something that is difficult to understand or to explain)of why we age is being seriously challenged. Scientists in many fields are now making striking and far-reaching discoveries.
7、 An average lifetime lasts 75 years, yet in each of us lies a potential for a longer life. If we could keep the vitality and resistance to disease that we have at twenty, we would live for 800 years. 1. What does the underlined word “it”refer to? A. Physical vitality.B. Stress.C. Aging.D. Physical r
8、esistance. 2. The author believes the following EXCEPT that _.A. humans life pattern is predictableB. physical fitness cant stop the force of agingC. humans lifetime will last longer than 75 yearsD. all of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body3. How did Dr Paul Seagle lengthen the lif
9、etime of rats in his experiment? A. By limiting the protein in their diet. B. By cutting the calories in their diet. C. By resetting their clock of aging. D. By keeping their physical fitness. 4. What is probably the best title for the article? A. Two Great Experiments. B. The Mystery of Human Life.
10、 C. Ways to Lengthen Human Life. D. The Breakthrough in the Study of Aging. 【参考答案】14、BDAD Passage Thirteen (The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II)The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Ge
11、rmany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fea
12、r of another world war. While speaking out against Hitlers atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms emba
13、rgo in wars between nations at his discretion.American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelts “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitlers policies. Germanys seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia
14、 (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August,1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempt
15、ed to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) t
16、o strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American base
17、s in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United
18、 States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States.1.One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public wasA the burning of the Reichstag.German plans for conquest.C Nazi barbarism.D the pe
19、rsecution of religious groups.2.The Lend-Lease Act was designed toA help the British.strengthen the national defense of the United States.C promote the Atlantic Charter.D avenge Pearl Harbor.3.American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as beingA watchful.isolationist.C peaceful.D in
20、different.4.The Neutrality Act of 1939A permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations.antagonized Japan.C permitted the British to trade only with the Allies.D led to Lend-Lease Act.5.We entered the war against GermanyA because Germany declared war.because Japan was an ally of Germany.C after
21、 Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact.D after peaceful efforts had failed.Vocabulary1.Reich 帝国,尤指第二次世界大战前及大战期间的德国2.atrocity 凶残,残暴3.belligerent 好战的,交战国的4.discretion 判断力,自行裁决,谨慎5.empower 赋予权力6.embargo 禁运,封港7.quarantine 停船检疫,隔离,封锁,使孤立8.partition 分割,瓜分9.menace 威胁,危险10.repeal 废除,取消11.overage destroyer
22、 旧式驱逐舰12.unprovoked 无缘无故的,非因触犯而发生的13.Neutrality Acts 中立法令14.Munich Pact 慕尼黑公约15.draft act 征兵法16.Lend Lease Act 租借法17.Atlantic Charter 大西洋公约18.Pearl Harbor 珍珠港写作方法与文章大意文章讲述了第三帝国成立,美国由中立到宣战的一段历史。采用按年代先后进行叙述的写作手法。文章一开始就点明主题:“第三帝国的成立影响了美国历史,从一系列事情开始,最终导致德国和美国交战。”答案详解1.A帝国大厦焚毁,众所周知,这是纳粹希特勒精心策划的一次政治阴谋,旨在迫
23、害德国共产党。B. 德国征服计划。C. 纳粹之残暴。D. 迫害宗教团体。在文中都提到。见第一段第二句“民主的全面摧毁、对犹太人的迫害、摧残宗教、纳粹的残忍和野蛮,特别是德国及其盟国意、日、征服世界的计划激起美国极大愤怒,也带来了对又一次世界大战的恐惧。”2.B 加强美国国防。见第二段导数第五句“1941年的租借法规定:总统对他认为保卫美国所需要的国家有权卖给、交换或借给他们物资。”A. 帮助英国,不对。C. 促进大西洋公约。大西洋公约是1941年8月,罗斯福和邱吉尔会面后的联合公告。D. 报复珍珠港。是1941年日本发起袭击的报复。3.B 与世隔绝。这在第一段第三句“美国人民虽然反对希特勒的凶
24、残等事,他们一般还是喜欢孤立(与世隔绝的)政策和保持中立。1933年和1936年的中立条约规定:禁止和交战国双方贸易和借贷。”A. 观察的。C. 和平的。D. 不正确的。4.A 允许把武器卖给交战国。答案在第二段第六句“1939年的中立条约取消了武器禁运,允许进行现钞交易出口武器给交战国。”B. 和日本敌对。C. 允许英国只能和其盟国贸易。D. 导致租借条约。5.A 因为德国宣战。这在第一段已有说明。尽管希特勒坏事做尽,美国还是倾向于中立政策。第二段罗斯福在芝加哥的演讲,态度稍有改变。严厉批评希特勒的政策,但仍然以中立为主。1941年日本袭击珍珠港,不久德国宣战,美国才不得不参战。阅读理解。T
25、he internet will open up new vistas (前景),create the global villageyou can make new friends all around the world.That,at least, is what it promised us.The difficulty is thatit did not take the human mind into account.The reality is that we can not keep relationship with more than a limited number of
26、people.No matter how hard the internet tries to putyou in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.The problem is twofold(双重的)First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with.That number is about 150 and is set by the si
27、ze of our brain.Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest (投入) in them.We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute whats left among as many others as we can.The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that
28、 person will decline (减弱)until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesnt serve a socially valuable function.Of course it does.But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the wo
29、rld, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to move to the other side of the world.In one sense, thats a good thing.But it also has a disadvantage.If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certai
30、nly you arent using your time to make new friends where you now live.And I suspect that probably isnt the best use of your time.Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face.The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it wont st
31、op that happening eventually.一般认为网络在让人与人交流方面起到了非常重要的作用。而本文作者对此却持怀疑态度。他认为网络在加强人与人之间的关系方面并没有起到应有的作用。17What is stressed in the first paragraph?AThe present situation of the internet.BThe difficulty in communication on the internet.CThe socially valuable function of the internet.DThe role of the human m
32、ind in the internet communication.答案:D。主旨大意题。由文章第一段特别是最后一句“No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication,its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.”可知人类思维在网络交流中起到举足轻重的作用,故D项正确。18The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “_”Aappointment Bconnecti
33、onCinterview Dagreement答案:B。词义猜测题。句意为:问题是如果我们在一个人身上花很少时间,我们跟这个人的联系将会减弱到“他只是一个曾经认识的人”,因此划线单词意为“联系,交往”。19According to the passage, the author holds the view that_.Athe internet fails to play so valuable a role in communication as it promisedBthe internet determines the quality of social relationshipsC
34、the internet greatly increases the size of social circlesDthe internet communication is no less effective than the facetoface talk答案:A。推理判断题。由文章的一些信息“This is not ,of course,to say that the internet doesnt serve a socially valuable function.以及The internet will slow down the rate with which relationsh
35、ips end,but it wont stop that happening eventually.”等可推知网络在人与人之间的交流上并没有起到应有的作用,故A项正确。20What is the authors attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?AHe is uncertain about it.BHe is hopeful of it.CHe approves of it.DHe doubts it.答案:D。态度观点题。通读全文可知,文章讲述了网络在人与人之间的交流方面并没有起到应有的
36、作用,因此作者对网络在加强人与人之间关系方面持的是怀疑的态度,D项正确。阅读理解-(二)2012银川实验中学月考 CoconutCoconut trees can be seen all over the tropical countries everywhere in the world. Coconut trees need warm weather and produce green coconuts which are filled with a colorless coconut juice. If the coconut is fresh, inside are almost al
37、l juice and little flesh. Coconut milk is white in color and is extracted from coconut. Green coconuts have the size of a small ball. They have to be opened on top with a knife. You will get the whole coconut in front of you and you drink the coconut juice with a straw(吸管). Once you finish you can a
38、sk to cut the coconut in pieces and eat the flesh inside.DragonfruitDragonfruits official name is Pitaya. Its a kind of fruit which is very tasteful despite its outside looks. The pink colored skin is not to be eaten. Cut the fruit in half and use a spoon to eat the grayish flesh. The black seeds ca
39、n be eaten but they are not digestible. Cempedak(小木菠萝)Cempedak is a native kind of Malaysian fruit. The taste of the fruit is similar to the related Jackfruit(波罗蜜)with a hint of Durian(榴莲). A sweet, mild, and juicy flesh surrounds the peanutlike seeds in a thick layer. The outer cover of the fruit i
40、s slightly sticky. Cempedak can be eaten fresh. DurianDurian is one of those tropical fruits you love or hate. I was once told that the smell of durian is the “smell of hell” though I can not comment on this as I have never been to hell! I was also told that in many parts in Indonesia, Malaysia and
41、Thai hotels, durian is not even allowed because of the smell. However, durian is a very popular tropical fruit in Malaysia. Durian is easy to recognize. They are huge green brownish fruits, usually sold at markets and on the roadside. It is known as “the King of Fruit” on the basis of the fact that
42、it has many vitamins, calcium, iron and other minerals.20Which of the following has the seeds that can be eaten?ACoconut. BDragonfruit.CCempedak. DDurian.21According to the passage, we can learn that_.Acempedak is the other name of Jackfruit Bthe home of cempedak is Malaysia Ccempedak has the flavor
43、 of durianDcempedak has a smooth cover22In many Malaysia and Thai hotels, why is durian not even allowed?ABecause it can make eaters addicted.BBecause the local governments forbid the selling.CBecause it has a smelly flavor.DBecause it can be used as a weapon.23Why is durian called “the King of Frui
44、t”?ABecause it contains many vitamins and minerals.BBecause it looks strong.CBecause it has a strange flavor.D Because all the people like it.【要点综述】文章向我们介绍了几种水果,以及这些水果的营养价值以及弊端。20B细节理解题。分析全文可知,只有火龙果的种子可以吃,只是不易消化。21B细节理解题。分析Cempedak部分可知,这种水果原产地是马来西亚。22C细节理解题。分析Durian部分可知,榴莲由于具有奇特的臭味,在印度尼西亚,马来西亚和泰国的许多宾馆,这种水果是不允许出售的。23A细节理解题。分析Durian部分最后一句可知,榴莲之所以叫“水果之王”,因为它富含维生素,钙,铁等矿物质。