1、Unit 5 The power of nature基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.diagram n. 图解；图表；示意图2.volcano n. 火山3.hurricane n. 飓风；风暴4.questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表5.database n. 数据库；资料库6.fountain vi.& vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出n. 喷泉；源泉7.helmet n. 头盔8.boot n. 靴子9.typhoon n. 台风10.thunderstorm n. 雷暴.汉译英1.ash n. 灰；灰末2.bungalow n. 平房；小屋3.fog n. 雾4.rainbow n.
2、 彩虹5.balcony n. 阳台6.tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖高频应用1.alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边prep. 在旁边；沿着的边2.wave n. 波浪；波涛vi. 波动；起伏；挥手3.potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能adj. 可能的；潜在的4.candidate n. 候选人；候补者5.precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的6.novelist n. 小说家 7.document n. 文件；证件8.shoot vt. 射中；射伤 9.sweat n. 汗vi. 出汗10.bathe vi. 洗澡；游泳 11.guarantee vt.
3、保证；担保拓展变形1.erupt (vi.) (指火山)爆发；突然发生eruption (n.) 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发2.equipment (n.) 设备；装备equip (vt.) 装备；配备3.appoint (vt.) 任命；委派appointment (n.) 约定；任命4.evaluate (vt.) 评估；评价；估计evaluation (n.) 评估5.absolute (adj.) 绝对的；完全的absolutely (adv.) 绝对地；完全地6.suit (n.) 一套外衣；套装 (vt.) 适合；使适宜suitable (adj.) 合适的；适宜的7.actual
4、(adj.) 实在的；实际的actually (adv.) 实际上8.uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的；不舒适的comfortable (反义词) (adj.) 舒服的；舒适的uncomfortably (adv.) 不舒服地；不舒适地9.unconscious (adj.) 失去知觉的；未察觉的conscious (反义词) (adj.) 有知觉的；有意识的10.anxious (adj.) 忧虑的；不安的anxiously (adv.) 不安地anxiety (n.) 担心；焦虑；渴望11.panic (vi.& vt.) (使)惊慌 (n.) 惊慌；恐慌panicked
5、 (过去式/过去分词)12.diverse (adj.) 多种多样的；不同的diversity (n.) 多种多样；多样性13.appreciation (n.) 欣赏；感激；感谢appreciate (vt.) 欣赏；感激1.后缀ment的名词equipment 设备advertisement 广告announcement 通知；通告achievement 功绩；成就punishment 惩罚treatment 对待；治疗appointment 任命；约定requirement 要求agreement 协议2.含“ist(人)”词根的单词novel(小说)istnovelist 小说家den
6、t(齿)istdentist 牙医capital(资本)istcapitalist 资本主义者reception(接待)istreceptionist 接待员physics(物理学去s)istphysicist 物理学家volcanology (火山学去y)istvolcanologist 火山学家3.含词根“rupt(破)”的词erupt“e向外rupt 破”向外破即“爆发”interrupt“inter中间的rupt破”从中间打破即“打搅”corrupt“cor共同rupt破”共同破坏即“腐败的”abrupt“ab离开rupt破”突然断开即“突然的；唐突的”bankrupt“bank银行r
7、upt破”银行破了即“破产的”一 动词介/副词1.burn to the ground 全部焚毁2.glance through 匆匆看一遍3.vary from . to . 由到不等二 be形容词/名词介词/副词4.be compared with 与相比5.be about to 即将6.be amazed at 对感到惊讶7.be home to 是的栖息地三 动词/介词宾语8.take notice 留意；注意9.in the distance 在远处10.make ones way 前往11.have a gift for 有的天赋1.“taken.”相关短语take notice
8、 留意；注意take effect 生效；起作用take charge 开始管理；接管take exercise 锻炼take pains 努力；尽力；下功夫take photos 拍照take steps 采取措施2.“have a/ann.for”短语have a gift for 有的天赋have a preference for 偏爱；特别喜爱have a desire for 想要；渴望have a nose for 对敏感；很善于发现have a taste for 对有兴趣_1.现在分词作状语Having_collected_and_evaluated_the_informati
9、on (收集和评估这些信息之后), I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(教材P34)2.be about to do . when . “刚要这时”I was_about_to_go_back_to_sleep_when (刚要回去睡觉这时) suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.(教材P34)3.独立主格结构The other two climbed down into the crater to
10、 collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience (这是我的第一次经历), I stayed at the top and watched them.(教材P35)4.It is said that . “据说”It_is_said_that (据说) this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.(教材P39)单句语法填空1.Have you ever co
11、nsidered how weak humans are _ (compare) with a volcano, hurricane or earthquake？答案：compared2.Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I dont mind because danger _ (excite) me and _ (make) me feel alive.答案：excites; makes3.However, the most important thing about my job is _ I help protect ordinary
12、people from one of the most powerful forces on earththe volcano.答案：that4.I was appointed _ a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.答案：as5._ (work) hard all day, I went to bed early.答案：Having worked6.I was fast asleep _ suddenly my bed began shaking and I h
13、eard a strange sound.答案：when7.I ran out of the house into the back garden _ I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.答案：where8.The height of the land _ (vary) from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home _ a great variety of rare plants and animals.答案：varies; to9.There are many
14、stories _ (tell) about Tianchi.答案：told10.They were bathing in Tianchi _ a bird flew above them.答案：when考点步步冲关1 appointvt.任命；委派；指定；约定I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.(P34)二十年前我被任命为火山学家，为夏威夷火山观测站工作。(1)appoint sb. (to sth.)/(as) 任命某人为
15、appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事appoint a time/place for . 为约定时间/地点(2)appointment n. 任命；约会make/have/fix an appointment with sb.与某人预约keep an appointment 守约；践约miss an appointment 失约；爽约(3)appointed adj. 约定的；指定的即时练1单句语法填空He _ (appoint) as general manager for his rich experience as well as excellent educati
16、onal background.I have an _ (appoint) with Dr Smith, but I need to change it.My patient didnt turn up at the _ time; that is, she missed an _. (appoint)答案：was appointedappointmentappointed; appointment一句多译她是这些年来唯一一个被选进董事会的女性。She is the only one of the women _ the board these years.(定语从句)She is the o
17、nly one of the women _ the board these years.(非谓语动词短语)答案：who has been appointed toappointed to2 suitn. 一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.(P34)我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。(1)a suit of 一套/副(2)suit sb. fine 很合某人的意；
18、对某人很合适suit . to . 使适合于(3)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的be suitable for 适合于be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事(4)suited adj. 合适；适宜；般配的be suited for/to . 适合做；适合于fit多指大小、尺寸、形状的合适match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配suit多指合乎需求、口味、性格、款式等即时练2单句语法填空He bought a small notebook, which was very suitable _ him while on business because of its
19、 convenience.Only in that way can you find jobs that are best suited _ your abilities and interests.Theyd soon be penniless and homeless if she couldnt find _ (suit) work.Jim and Mary seem _ (suit) to each other, in spite of their quarrels.答案：forto/forsuitablesuited用fit/suit/match的适当形式完成句子尽管样式不适合我，但
20、我还是想买这件夹克，因为我穿着很合身而且它和我的裤子很配。I want to take this jacket because it _ me well and _ my trousers, though the style doesnt _ me.答案：fits; matches; suit3anxiousadj.忧虑的；不安的I was so anxious and couldnt move at first.(P38)我非常担心，一开始吓得动弹不得。(1)be anxious to do sth.急于做某事be anxious about sth.担心/忧虑某事be anxious fo
21、r sb. 为某人担心be anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事be anxious that . 担心(2)anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望with anxiety 焦虑地(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地即时练3单句语法填空Watching him climb up the cliff, everybody was breathless _ anxiety.Its natural for parents to be anxious _ their childrens future.As you know, everybody is anx
22、ious _ (see) his article published as soon as possible.If you are worried about your health, share your _ (anxious) with your doctor.We waited _ (anxious) for our examination results.答案：withaboutto seeanxietiesanxiously1make ones way 前往；取得成功教材原句It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly m
23、ade our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.(P35)穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的火山中心。make way for . 为让路in this/that way 用这种/那种方法on ones way to . 在去的路上feel ones way 摸索着前进lose ones way 迷路wind ones way 蜿蜒向前force ones way out 挤出去；冲出去即时练1用way相关短语的适当形式
24、填空So long as you work hard, you can _ in life.Could you mail these letters _ downtown?Without experience in it, we have to _.The Great Wall _ across north China like a huge dragon.答案：make your wayon your wayfeel our waywinds its way2vary from . to . 由到不等教材原句The land varies in height from 700 metres
25、above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.(P39)这里地面的高度由海拔700米至2,000多米不等，是多种多样的珍稀动植物的生长地。(1)vary from . 和不同vary with . 随而变化vary in size/colour 大小/颜色不一样vary between . and . /from . to . 由到情况不等；在到之间变动(2)variety n. 种类；多样化a variety ofvarieties of 各种各
26、样的(3)various adj. 各种各样的即时练2单句语法填空Office hours vary _ company to company and country to country.Rooms vary _ size and some are equipped with televisions and telephones.The prices of some vegetables vary _ the season.The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss _ (var
27、y) issues.Every solid object will reflect a sound, _ (vary) according to the size and nature of the object.Malaysia, a multiracial and multicultural country, is famous for its _ (vary) of food.答案：frominwithvariousvaryingvarieties1The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for la
28、ter study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.(P35)翻译另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。this being my first experience是独立主格结构。独立主格结构主要由“n./pron.v. ing/v. ed/to do/adj./adv./prep.”构成。此结构中，名词或代词起着逻辑主语的作用，其他部分表示状态、状况或动作。独立主格结构本身不是句子，但在语意上相当于一个句子，在句子中作状语
29、，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子主体部分分开。名师点津(1)独立分词结构：名词或代词主格分词如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，则使用表示主动意义的现在分词；如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则使用表示被动意义的过去分词。(2)独立不定式结构：名词或代词主格不定式在独立不定式结构中，如果名词或代词主格是不定式动作的执行者，则两者为主动关系，用不定式的主动形式；如果名词或代词主格是不定式动作的承受者，则两者为被动关系，用不定式的被动形式。(3)名词或代词主格形容词(副词、名词、介词短语)(4)There/It/This/That being名词/
30、代词主格这是独立主格结构的一种特殊形式，在意义上表示存在，充当原因状语或条件状语，其中的being不能省略。即时练1单句语法填空Time _ (permit), students can find a parttime job to decrease the burden of their family.Much time _ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.There _ (be) no light, we had to feel our way in th
31、e dark.答案：permittingspentbeing一句多译整座房子只有这一扇窗子是临街的，因此无论从对面或是从侧面都不必担心邻居的窥视。_ in the house facing the street, so no neighbours glances were to be feared from across the street or at the side.(并列句)_ in the house facing the street, no neighbours glances were to be feared from across the street or at the
32、side.(独立主格)答案：This was the only windowThis being the only window2It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.(P39)翻译据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。句中It is said that . 为固定句式，意为“据说”，it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。该结构相当于people say that .，还可以
33、改成“Sb. is said to do sth.”结构，其中不定式有时态和语态的变化。类似结构：It is thought that . 大家认为It is believed that . 人们相信It is reported that . 据报道It is hoped that . 人们希望It is well known that . 众所周知It is supposed that . 据推测即时练2单句语法填空He is thought _ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the jo
34、b.Carbon dioxide is said _ (heat) the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.答案：to have actedto be heating一句多译据说前几天她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。_ she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.She _ about wildlife protection the other day.答案：It is said thatis said to have written a report现在分词作状
35、语1时间状语Walking along the street, I met Mary.当沿着街道走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。2原因状语Being tired, I stopped to have a rest.因为累了，我停下来休息一下。3条件状语Turning to the left, youll find the school.左转，你就会找到学校。4让步状语Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.虽然知道我住在哪里，但他从不来看我。5伴随状语I stood there, waiting for the bus.我站在那儿等公交车。6结果状
36、语It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.雨下得很大，给这个地区造成严重的洪灾。7现在分词的完成式(1)句型(2)用法：v.ing的完成式表示该动作发生时间早于主句谓语表示的动作Having finished my work, I went to bed.完成我的工作之后，我上床睡觉了。重点提示(1)现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。(2)分词短语作状语时，与主句之间不可出现并列连词。(3)分词的否定形式是通过在分词前加not, never等否定词构成。即时练.单句语法填空1He sends me an ema
37、il, _ (hope) to get further information.答案：hoping2_ (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.答案：Finding3She works in a theatre, _ (follow) in her fathers footsteps.答案：following4_(defeat) many times, he didnt lose heart.答案：Having been defeated5_ (chat) for several hours,
38、 they came to realize that they had a lot in common.答案：Having chatted.单句改错1We couldnt afford to stay at a hotel, run out of nearly all our money._答案：run前加having2Having not seen a rainbow before, he was very excited._答案：Having notNot having3Buying the precious necklace, she had no money left._答案：Buyi
39、ngHaving bought4His parents died, to leave him an orphan._答案：to leaveleaving5Having been told many times, but he still didnt obey the rule._答案：去掉but基础达标演练.单句语法填空1A fire broke out in our town recently and a large factory _ (burn) to the ground.答案：was burned/burnt2He made his reasons for resigning _ (
40、absolute) clear.答案：absolutely3The pop star walked out of the stage, _ (wave)her hands elegantly to her crazy fans.答案：waving4It is the second time that the volcano _ (erupt) in less than a month.答案：has erupted5This study may contribute to treating _ (anxious) and stress better.答案：anxiety6I was about
41、to hand in the paper _ I found another mistake and then corrected it carefully.答案：when7This _ (be) my first performance, I was so nervous that I felt I could hardly breathe.答案：being8_ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.答案：Having wait
42、ed9The sun began to rise in the sky, _ (bathe) the mountain in golden light.答案：bathing10Changbaishan is Chinas largest nature reserve and is home _ roe deer.答案：to.单句改错1There was no bus, we had to take a taxi to go to the station._答案：wasbeing或we前加so2Her feelings varied from joy and fear as she watche
43、d him fight._答案：frombetween或andto3Hearing the news that he had appointed as general manager of the big company, he was filled with excitement and joy._答案：had后加been4Among the wounded were the dance instructor, who had just told the class that she was pregnant._答案：werewas5The mother was standing at th
44、e gate, anxiously to see her son._答案：axiouslyanxious.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1我的朋友李华是一个很有潜力的人。(potential abilities)_答案：My friend, Li Hua, is a person who has potential abilities. 2大学毕业后他被任命为一名消防队员。(appoint . as .)_答案：After graduating from college, he was appointed as a firefighter. 3一天下班后，他正要去购物，这时他发现一间房屋着火了。
45、(break out)_答案：One day after work, he was about to go shopping when he found a fire broke out in a house. 4跑到现场，他匆匆地看了一下火情，穿过人群，不惊不慌地冲进燃烧的建筑物里。(glance through)_答案：Rushing to the spot and glancing through the situation of the fire, he made his way through the crowd without panic, and went into the bu
46、rning building.5他冒着生命危险救出了被困的五个孩子。(risk)_答案：Risking his own life, he saved five children trapped in the fire. 6他的英勇行为受到了同事和领导的表扬。(because of)_答案：Because of his heroic behavior, he was praised by his colleagues and leader.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：My friend, Li Hua, is a person who has potential abi
47、lities. After graduating from college, he was appointed as a firefighter. One day after work, he was about to go shopping when he found a fire broke out in a house. Rushing to the spot and glancing through the situation of the fire, he made his way through the crowd without panic, and went into the burning building. Risking his own life, he saved five children trapped in the fire. Because of his heroic behavior, he was praised by his colleagues and leader.
