1、淮安中学II部高三英语第二轮专题复习 书面表达导与练 编制：刘燕飞 第一课时 书面表达分析与指导（一）高考真题分析首先分析江苏高考近几年的书面表达：04年书面表达以表格形式提供信息，要求考生以书信的形式表达表格中的内容，向你的笔友Bob陈述你家乡江城的情况；05年建设和谐社会；06年奥运会志愿者；07年阳光体育活动。出题都和热点话题相关。08年要求根据汉语提示，写一篇关于如何倾听的文章。09年书面表达内容来自信息时代的熟悉话题鼠标，要求考生以鼠标为切入点，表达在计算机时代鼠标的必要性、便捷性和过分依赖鼠标的习惯带来的一些不利影响。所以我们平时还是要注意多注意积累写热门话题方面的内容。2010年
2、考纲中书面表达示例增加到两个，一个是根据汉语提示的信息用英语写一篇150个单词左右的短文。第二，根据对所给漫画的理解，描述一下他们可能的做法并发表考生的看法。第二个示例给了考生更大的自由发挥空间，但同时需要考生扎实的语言功底和谋篇能力。（二）考纲写作要求考试大纲对写作的要求：“根据所给提示与要求进行书面表达。考生的表达应能：1在一定的语境中准确使用英语语法和词汇；2使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地用英语表达自己的意思。”（三）书面表达解题思路1、认真审汉语提示，认真读图或读表，完全理解出题者的意图后再下笔。切忌一上来就下笔写。平时考试中总有一些同学一上来就写，写到半路发现文不对题，大笔划掉影
3、响卷面，浪费时间。2、理清思路列出题纲，将要点列入其中。 记住，150个词的短文只需写15句话左右。如果是看图作文，应根据连环画给每幅图列出要点。如果是图表，应根据图表列出所有的内容要点。如果是中文提示，可将简略的中文提示添加上主语，以免写出的句子缺少主语。3、注意文章的人称时态、顺序、开头结尾。4、提笔写作，一气呵成，将每个要点规范地表达出来，尽量套用一些现成的句式（如：从课文里；从口语等级测试纲要中；从考前背诵的一些范文中），力求准确到位。再通读自己的写作，是否有与要求不符的地方，要点是否写全；时态、语态有没有用错；搭配有没有错误；有无逻辑性的错误；连接是否与恰当，复杂句是否用得准确。5、
4、抄写在指定地方，所阅卷者的主观印象非常重要，因此要求我们书写一定要漂亮，字体美观，不要过大，也不要过小。 6、汉英表达的差别汉语和英语有着天壤之别；汉语讲究工整、对仗，唐诗宋词是当年的流行歌曲。英语则强调逻辑性。如：“每天锻炼一小时、健康工作五十年、幸福生活一辈子。”这三句话的内在关系应看成条件关系。“If we exercise for an hour every day, well have good health to work fifty years and live happily all our lives.”或：“The Ministry of Education calls o
5、n students to exercise for an hour every day, in the hope that they will have good health to work fifty years and enjoy the whole life.”不少的考生写成：“Exercise an hour every day, work healthily for fifty years and live happily all our lives.”7、高分理由内容要点；语言地道，读来顺畅；有一些较高级词汇和一些较复杂的句子结构（如：复合句、倒装句、强调结构）；适当地运用了一
6、些语句间的连接成分（如：first of all; generally speaking; to be frank; firstlysecondlyfinally; after that; however; when; as soon as; before; after; at the same time; also; still; meanwhile; as well as; on the one handon the other hand, someothers; as a result; onethe other; bothand; neithernor; eitheror; besid
7、es; whats more.）；书写工整、美观，卷面整洁。8、特别提醒: 1）一定要审清所给要点，不要忘记说明部分和注意部分的内容。确立提纲，时间允许情况下要打草稿。尤其对于那些难以确定的表达一定要进行推敲。工整誊写，网上阅卷对此有严格的要求，卷面会给阅卷老师第一印象，第一印象好了，主观印象感情分就上去了，所打的作文分数肯定会比较高。2）时态的适当运用。要确定文章应该采用的时态。时态错了，全盘皆输。在表现事件、行为之间的时间先后关系时，可以用“一般”时态为基点，瞻前顾后，采用相应的时态。例如，报道、日记、故事之类的题材，通常是记叙过去发生的事情。因此，“时间立足点”常用一般过去时。以此为基点
8、，“瞻前”是“过去完成时”， “顾后”是“过去将来时”。叙述当前的经常性事件、自然、社会现象，通常用“一般现在时”为立足点，“瞻前”视其影响用“一般过去时”或“现在完成时”， “顾后”则是“一般将来时”。以“一般将来时”为立足点的题材，多是以预测性、计划性的行为作为中心事件。当然，有些记叙文内容较多，时间跨度大，谓语时态的形式也必然随之多变。但不管怎样，在下笔之前，通观全局，确定好相关要点的时间立足点，就不难引出各种相应的其他时态形式。3）准确使用过渡词，使文章行文连贯。注重开头句和结尾句。根据目前高考的趋势，书面表达中多为学生的自己发挥提供了空间。我们要注意不能本末倒置和无意义的发挥。4）高
9、分的作文一定要求要有比较复杂的结构，平时背诵些句型还是重要的。当然基础不牢的同学尤其要追求语言的正确性，没有把握词汇或句型不要乱用。记住：不要片面追求多用较高级词汇与句型(有时等于垃圾)!- 阅卷老师语5）绝对不能抄袭试卷上如阅读理解等的原有材料或写与话题无关内容(一票否决)!6）不失时机地引用一些谚语、格言可以提高自己作文的品味（四）书面表达基本技巧首先认真审题。读懂题目所给信息，初步确定要点内容，并可用序号标出以免遗忘。列题纲使用要点条理化，序化，统筹安排布局。勿要直译，需意译。尤其对看图情景作文要构建完整故事结构，不可逐句罗列了事。要刻意把好语言关。要用自己最熟悉的句型结构和词语，力求文
10、理通顺，语言准确。没有把握的词句不要写，确有把握的可以锦上添花遇到一时想不起的词语，需变通。可以用同义近义词代替，也可以用否定词加反义词来表达，亦可变换句式。不可钻牛角尖，更不能生造词语，汉化表达。注意文章的长度。看具体内容而定，如果内容多，应多用复杂句式，如果内容不多，为了达到词的限数应多用简单句式，并适当增补合理内容。注意保持卷面整洁，书写工整清楚，书写的好坏会直接影响阅卷老师的情绪。最后应注意复查全文。看内容要点有无遗漏，标点、格式、大小写是否规范，是否有语病等。附一：江苏省高考英语书面表达评分原则：1）本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2）评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档
11、次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3）词数少于或多于规定要求20个的，从总分中减去2分。4）评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。5）拼写和标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可以接受。6）如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。附二：常用过渡性词语逻辑角度合适的过渡性词语时间顺序first, second, then, finally/at last, immediately, suddenly , soon空间顺序here, there, o
12、n one sideon the other side, in front of, at the back of, next to对称顺序for one thing, for another thing, on one hand, on the other hand转折顺序but, however, while, though, otherwise因果顺序because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of)条件顺序as long as, so long as, on condition that, if, unless让步顺序though, as, e
13、ven if/though, whether, who(what, when, where)-ever递进顺序whats more, besides, to make the matter worse, whats worse过渡性插入语I think, Im afraid, you know, As we all know附三：备战策略 写作分值占得多，重要程度不用说； 字数要写一百五，难度上升要把握； 写作套路贯始终，快速省时很有用； 亮点词汇增光彩，配以句式更不赖； 注意分段条理清，加分句型记分明； 卷面整洁是基础，只会增分不吃苦； 表达完毕看一遍，拼写错误可避免； 考前坚持背和写，高考
14、一定乐中喜。第二课时 高考英语书面表达模版（一）问题解决类作文写作套路1Nowadays, _问题_has become a problem we have to face. Though its easier said than done, with the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it.By （解决方法一）, we can not only （好处一）but also （好处二）.In addition, we can （方法二） .Third, what is the most importan
15、t is that （方法三） . Only when we （对策）can we （前景预测）.套路2In recent days, we have to face a problem that （描述问题现状）.People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. First of all （解决方法一）. Though this method has its good sides like it can （带来的好处）, one of its bad sides it brings about is that it can （带
16、来的坏处）. What is more, （解决方法二） is another means. But it also has its advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, （好处） . On the other hand, （坏处）.All in all, the solutions may not bring the perfect result, but as long as we do it with our brains and hands, we will one day resolve the problem.套路3With
17、the development of modern industry, more and more people are concerned about the problem （描述现状）. Accordingly,（伴随此现状而出现的一些新问题） problem is becoming more and more serious. People have found many solutions to this problem. For instance, （采取措施一）. However, Im against the idea of （应反对的措施）We can imagine how
18、 uncomfortable it would be to （前景预测）.In brief, （结论） . But this problem is very complicated. Perhaps people can hardly rely on only one way to solve the problem completely.（二）积极有利类作文写作Nowadays, 主题plays an important role in our life. For example, （举例说明主题的现状）. Generally, its advantages can be listed as
19、 follows. First, （好处一）. Besides, （好处二）. Through the above analysis, my attitude toward this matter is positive, and the reasons are simple. It not only brings us （好处之一）, but also gives us （好处之二）we have not expected. Therefore, I can see its bright future from now on.（三） 利弊分析类写作套路1 Nowadays many peop
20、le prefer 主题because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First, （优点之一）. Besides, 优点之二.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that (第一个缺点) . To make matters worse, （第二个缺点）.Th
21、rough the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to （我的看法）.套路2In recent years 主题has become （现状）. However, there are both positive and negative points associated with it. The most important advantage of 主题is （第一个优点）; you can （举例说明）. Fu
22、rthermore, （第二个优点）. You will （举例说明）. Another point in favor of A is （第三个优点）. You can （举例说明）. On the other hand, 主题has its disadvantages. Perhaps the most obvious is （缺点一）. Undoubtedly, （缺点二）; obviously （缺点三）. In addition to these points, 11（缺点四）. To conclude, although 12 （概述主题的缺点）, I would say that
23、the advantages outlined above outweigh the disadvantages.套路3 With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful. The phenomenon of （主题）is an example of the former/latter
24、 ones. There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most typical ones. First, （优点一）. In the second place, （优点二）. Eventually, （优点三）. The negative effects on our life/or sth else could be seen in several ways, too. The apparent example is that （举例说明缺点一）. In addition, （缺点二）
25、. On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society. There is still a long way for us to improve/eliminate （主题） and make our life more comfortable. Everything has two sides of effects on human life. 主题is no exception, too. The most apparent and positive effect
26、is （优点一）. It will bring us （举例说明一）. It also will give us （举例说明二）. the second advantage lies in （优点二）. As I have mentioned above, however, A has a negative influence on （缺点一）. Furthermore, A could make us feel （缺点二）. Sometimes （缺点三）. From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of
27、A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by that way, 对前景的预测套路4 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in _题目议题_. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are sev
28、eral positive aspects as follows. Firstly, _优点一_. And secondly _优点二_. Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, _讨论议题_ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, _缺点一_. In addition, _缺点二_. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of _讨论
29、议题_ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the _讨论议题_. （四）观点对比类作文写作套路1 The topic of （主题） is becoming the most popular one recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favori
30、te. They hold their view for the reason of （支持A的理由一）. Whats more, （理由二） Moreover （理由三）. However, others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly, （支持B 的理由一） . Secondly, （理由二）Thirdly, （理由三）. From my point of view, I think （我的观点） . The reason is that （原因）.套路2Many student
31、s like （主题）. Among them there are two types of attitude in （主题）. some of them think that A . They think that （支持A 的原因）and they should （结果）.Other students, however, dont think so. They feel that B. They argue that 支持B 的原因. I like A. Because （支持A 的理由）. So, as a result, I （选择A 的结果） . By A, I can （重申支持A
32、 的理由）. I like this way of （主题）.套路3When asked about A, Some people say that （观点一）. They argue that （理由）.But I could not agree with them in several points. First, I think （我反驳的理由一）. Furthermore, I believe that （理由二）, and do not believe that （理由三）. At last,（理由四）.In a word, my personal view emphasizes o
33、n （应采取的对策） in a scientific point, but not from 应反对的做法套路4 There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文题目_. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一_. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to
34、this attitude as follows: in the first place, _原因一_.Furthermore, in the second place, _原因二_. So it goes without saying that _观点一_. People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeoplehold the idea that _观点二_. In their point of view, on the one hand， _原因一_. On the other hand, _原因二_. Therefore,
35、 thereis nodoubtthat _观点二_. As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat _观点一或二_.Itis not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _. （五）定义解释类写作套路1The good old proverb （名言或谚语）reminds us that （释义）. Indeed, we can learn many things from it.First of all, （理由一）. For example, （举例说明
36、）Secondly, （理由二）. Another case is that （举例说明）. Furthermore, （理由三）.In my opinion, （我的观点）.套路2A famous saying goes that （名言或谚语）. It means that （释义）. I have had such experiences for many times. （举例说明）. Its also the same in （举例说明）.Another case in point is （举例说明）, （举例说明）.I like the saying （我的观点）, which en
37、courage me （理由）.套路3There is an old sayingA. Its the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.Usually, （提出与A 相反的情况）. But it isnt always the case. （赞成A 的理由）.Assume that （正面举例）. The result is that （带来的结果）.On the contrary, （反面举例） . Consequently, （带来的结果）.Whatever you
38、 do, please remember the sayingA. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot from it.套路4 It is well know to us that the proverb: “_谚语_” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means _谚语的含义_. The saying can be i
39、llustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is _例子一_. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb _谚语_. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come
40、 to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: _谚语_. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（六）英语图表作文写作 As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in thetable (graph / picture / p
41、ie / chart), _作文题目的议题_ has been on rise/ decrease (goes up / increases / drops / decreases), significantly / dramatically / steadily rising / decreasing from _ in _ to _ in _. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that _. There are at least two good reasons account
42、ing for _. On the one hand, _. On the other hand,_ is due to the fact that _.In addition, _ is responsible for _.Maybe there are some other reasons to show _.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that
43、 _. I am suremy opinion is both sound and well-grounded.附一：常用句首短语及句式（Phrases and Sentences Used to Start an Essay）1. With the (rapidly) growing popularity of Internet surfing (computers/cars/mobile phones/ pagers/PDP television/. ) in China, the quality of our lives is improving for the better.2. Wi
44、th the (rapid) growth of our economy (heavy industries/transportation system/market economy/population/private enterprises/housing industry/. ), an increasing number of problems, such as (water shortages/traffic jams/industrial pollution/waste of energy/desert spreading/. ), are beginning to surface
45、.3. With the (rapid) development of science and technology (market economy/electronic industry/ information industry/higher education/. ) an increasing number of people come to realize that (knowledge is power/a weak nation has no International prestige/education is of vital importance .4. There is
46、a wide concern that many large state-owned companies are in deficit (赤字) (quite a few Chinese cities face the problem of water shortages, industrial pollution and waste of energy/various kind of superstition flare up/. ).5. Currently, there is a widespread concern over drug abuse (high unemployment
47、rate / wildlife extinction /environmental pollution/desertification/organized crime/widespread corruption /energy crisis/water shortages/traffic jams/increasing traffic accidents/. )6. In the past two decades (In the past five years), millions of private enterprises ( private schools / supermarkets
48、/ fast food restaurants/. ) have mushroomed all over China7. There are three major values of owning a car (a computer/an apartment/a mobile phone/a beeper/. ). To begin with . Next . Last . There are, on the other hand, more reasons against it. First(!y) . Second(!y) . Finally8. Different people hav
49、e different attitudes towards the biding of the 29th Olympic Games (access to WTO/private cars/high unemployment rate/Internet surfing/private schools/state monopoly of telecommunication/urbanization/stock/. ) Some are in favor of. while others are against 9. When it comes to the access to WTO (Inte
50、rnet surfing / private schools / brain-drain / e-business / high rate of unemployment/Chinas football / recycling / widespread corruption ) most people believe that. But other people argue that.10. Recently, extensive studies (statistics/surveys/investigations/.) show (reveal/indicate/ demonstrate /
51、 prove/. ) that 107 Chinese cities and 1231 small towns suffer water shortages.附二：常用句尾短语及句式（Phrases and Sentences Used to End an Essay）1. Without computer (cell telephone / PDP television / cars / microelectronics / telecommunication / Internet/genetics advances/. ), it would be difficult to imagine
52、 modern life.2. We should redouble our efforts to build China into a powerful (prosperous / better. ) nation with international prestige3. It is necessary for us to take effective measures to correct the situation (fight corruption/ prevent excessive exploitation of natural resources/ease water shor
53、tages/. )4. In order to make our world a better place in which to live, we must learn to live in harmony with all wildlife species (stop polluting our environment right away/conscientiously follow family planning).5. In short, (population explosion, environmental pollution and exhaustion of natural
54、resources) are the major problems to be solved to make our world a better place in which to live.6. I want to be a teacher (a doctor/or to do something) not only because., but also because.7. It goes without saying that science and technology is the primary productive force. (knowledge is something/
55、creativity is everything/cheating never pays/. )8. Living in harmony with nature (wildlife) has become a part of modern civilization.9. The state-owned enterprises (The township enterprises) have only two choices: solve these longstanding problems through reforms or go bankrupt(破产)10. We should not
56、let the golden opportunity slip by. On the contrary, we should seize any opportunity and face the challenge with confidence, courage and wisdom. 第三课时 考前热身练与评近年来， 我国各级政府都提出要建设环保型社会，号召人们从身边小事做起。现在请你以木木的名义就废旧电池的处理问题给报社写一封信，内容要点如下：1环境专家的观点：废旧电池应当回收，否则会污染环境；生产厂家应负责回收和处理；政府应借鉴国外经验，给厂家一定的补贴。2生产厂家的观点：这不仅仅是他
57、们的责任；应考虑到厂家的利益，回收处理将耗费大量的人力、物力。3你自己的观点：（2-3条） 注意：1. 开头和结尾已给出。字数120左右。 2参考词汇：环境专家：environmentalist 给补贴：give a subsidy toDear Editor,Nowadays, few people pay enough attention to dealing with waste batteries. Im writing to say something about it._Best wishes,Yours,Mu Mu参考答案：Dear editor,Nowadays few peo
58、ple pay attention to dealing with waste batteries. Im writing to say something about it.Environmentalists think we should recycle waste batteries. If not dealt with properly, they will seriously pollute the environment. Above all, the battery factories should be responsible for this. At the same tim
59、e, our government should learn from some foreign countries, giving the factories a subsidy to recycle and deal with waste batteries.However, batter factories argue that it is not only their responsibility to recycle and deal with waste batteries. They have to take profits into consideration and it i
60、s a waste of labor and money to do it well.In my opinion, all the people should be educated to protect the environment. Our government should help battery factories and we must throw waste batteries here and there.Best wishesYours,Mu Mu【实例透析】 （2009年浙江高考题）5月1日，高二（3）班的学生志愿者Li Yue和Zhzng Hua 去阳光敬老院（Suns
61、hine Nursing Home）开展志愿者活动（送水果、打扫、聊天等）。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100-120词左右的新闻报道。1、 时间、地点、人物、活动；2、 老人们的反应；3、 简短评论。注意：报道的标题和记者的姓名已给出（不计词数）。Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly_ By Chen Jie, School Newspaper满分作文展示Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly One May Day, Li Yue and Zha
62、ng Hua, students from Class Three, Grade Two, went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival,(1) Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed, and respectfully they presented the elderly with(2) flowers and fruits.Then they started working at once, cleaning the windows an
63、d sweeping the floor.(3) Everything done,(4) they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people. When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness. They said it was such a beautiful day that(5) they would remember it forever. Li Yue and Zhang Hua wer
64、e very happy. What they did(6) has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives. By Chen Jie, School Newspaper作文亮点之处(1) Upon their arrival的使用比when they arrived更为简炼、精彩。(2)此处的 present sb. with准确到位。(3) cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor分词短语作状语，使句子的表达更加高级。(4) Everything done独立主格结构的正确使用显示了
65、考生很强的语言功底。(5) 使用了句式such that为文章增色不少。(6) What they did名词从句是为作文增加档次的亮点句子。满分揭秘考生能够充分捕捉提纲中的有效信息，语言流畅，表达地道，并注意高级词汇和句式的应用，是一篇优秀的习作。提纲式作文指导1、作文特点 提纲式作文是把材料分成信息块，列成独立的文字信息或给出某种情景和内容要求，让考生根据相关信息或这些情景及要求写出自己的思想。它的特点是：1）文字信息化 要求学生根据相关信息写出自己的看法。2）思维空间化 考生要在保证要点齐全的基础上发挥自己的想象，表达自己的某种思想。2、技巧点拨认真审题，避免跑题；归纳要点，做好取舍；打
66、好腹稿，发表观点。【即时巩固】假设你是王林，是江南中学高三（1）班的学生。你3月10日给中国日报写一封信，讲你最喜欢中央电视台动物世界栏目的事，并提出了一些自己的看法。要点如下： 1你喜欢“动物世界”这个栏目，不仅是因为你认为动物是人类的朋友，而且主持人把 节目办得生动活泼。 2通过节目了解了许多过去不知道的东西。例如许多动物和它们的生活情况，人与动 物的关系及保护动物的意义。 3最近听到有些人伤害动物园里的动物，问是否能立法更严厉地惩处那些伤害甚至屠杀动物的人。注意：1不要遗漏要点。2生词：主持人host；关系relationship；严厉地severely。3词数：150词左右。4开头和结尾已给出。Class 1, Grade 3, Beijing No. 4 Middle SchoolMarch 10, 2008Dear editors.
