1、高考怎么考语法填空就是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语美文中，在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上，挖去10个空所为。这10个空又根据提示词的有无分为有提示词和无提示词两种，这两种题型究其实质还是对基本语法知识的考查。Passage 1(2017全国卷)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界)_61_ a
2、method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side _62_(effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.aseffectsFat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required _63_(process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury a
3、nd for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt _64_(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.As _65_ result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even _66_(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food _67_(be)full of f
4、at and salt；by _68_(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However,be _69_(care)not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possib
5、le to have too much of both,_70_ is not good for the health.to processare removedaworseis eatingcarefulwhich【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响。61解析：as 考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”，所以填 as，意为“作为”。62解析：effects 考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart dis
6、ease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式 effects。63解析：to process 考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。64.解析：are removed 考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又因 fat and salt 是动词 remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填 are removed。65解析：a 考查冠词。as a result 为固定搭配，意为“结果”。66解析：worse 考查比较级。短语 Even worse 意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故用 worse。67解析：is 考查
7、时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为 Fast food，故填 is。68解析：eating 考查非谓语动词。介词 by 后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填 eating。69解析：careful 考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。70解析：which 考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词 which。Passage 2(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger ra
8、ilway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road,_63_(lay)the tr
9、ack and then building a strong roof over _64_ top.When all those had been done,the road surface was replaced.crowdsfrom layingtheSteam engines _65_(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been _66_(fair)unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved
10、to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using _67_ every day.Later,engineers _68_(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the _69_(introduce)of electric-powered engines and li
11、fts.The Central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success)of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages,and proved extremely popular with the public.were usedfairlyit managed introductionsuccessful【文章大意】本文为说明文，介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的过
12、程。【段意梳理】第一段：介绍了世界上第一个地下客运铁路的创建以及相关事宜。第二段：蒸汽机是地下客运铁路的动力机，尽管它让乘客感到不舒服，但乘客数量却大增。第三段：地下客运铁路发展成现在的地铁。61解析：crowds 考查名词复数。因为 crowd 为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。62解析：from 考查介词。此处是指“当他们来回上下班时”。63解析：laying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为 This，谓语动词 included 后由 and 连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填 laying。【易错点拨】该句中的 lay 不是与前面的谓语动词 includ
13、ed并列，而是与 digging up 和 building 并列。句式结构的分析是解答该题的关键。64解析：the 考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在 top 前加 the。65解析：were used 考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍 1863年的事情，而且 Steam engines 与 use 之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 were used。66解析：fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词 unpleasant，故在其前填 fairly。67解析：it 考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly”可知，此处用 it 代替 the r
14、ailway。【知识拓展】one 指代上文提到的单数的人或物，指“同一类中的一个”，表示泛指意义；that 指上文出现的名词，表示同类的东西，既可指代可数名词单数，又可指代不可数名词，常有后置定语修饰，表特指；it 指上文提到的同一事物，与前面的名词是同一个，表特指。68解析：managed 考查动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以填managed。69解析：introduction 考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。70解析：successful 考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的the
15、most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。Passage 3(2017全国卷)She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _41_(rest).Instead,she is earning 6,50
16、0 a day as _42_ model in New York.Sarah _43_(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44,wants her to give up school to model full-time.But Sarah,_44_ has taken part in shows along with top models,wants _45_(prove)that she has brains
17、as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her _46_(educate)restingahas been told/was toldwhoto proveeducationShe has turned down several _47_(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to uni
18、versity to get a degree _48_ engineering or architecture.Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school _49_(come)first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is _50_(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I dont want to have nothing else to fall bac
19、k on when I cant model any more.”invitationsincomescertainly【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了 16 岁的 Sarah 在上学的同时兼职做模特，并且取得了巨大的成功；虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特，但是 Sarah 仍然坚持要完成学业。41解析：resting 考查固定搭配。spend time doing sth.是固定搭配，故填 resting。42解析：a 考查冠词。该空后面 model 是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，故填 a。43解析：has been told/was told 考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell
20、与Sarah是被动关系，因为第二段在讲述父亲和Sarah的想法时都是用现在时，因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影响，故可以填has been told。此外，“被告知”这件事情发生在过去，故也可填was told。【易错点拨】考生在考虑动词的时态时，经常会忽略语态，如此题容易误填told。因此，当考查动词的时候要从句意理解出发，考虑动作的主语与动词之间是主动还是被动的关系。44解析：who 考查定语从句。此句Sarah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句。先行词为Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填who。45解析：to prove 考查非谓语动词。want t
21、o do是固定搭配，故填to prove。46解析：education 考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式，故填education。47解析：invitations 考查名词单复数。invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，要用复数形式，故填invitations。48解析：in 考查介词。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。49解析：comes 考查动词时态。全文均为现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。【易错点拨】动词如果使用一般现在时，要注意主语是不是第三人称单数。此题容易误填come。50解析：cer
22、tainly 考查副词。此处fun是名词，但空处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填certainly。全国卷3年考情分析 注：2017、2016年全国高考共3套试题，有的按甲、乙、丙卷分类，有的按、卷分类，其对应关系为卷乙卷，卷甲卷、卷丙卷，本书按、卷分类，以下各题型同。近3年全国卷七套试题的语法填空部分充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。1有提示词有提示词的语法填空考查了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致；非谓语动词；形容词的比较等级；名词的数；代词的格以及词类转换。(1)动词的考查是语法填空的重点，包括谓语动词和非谓语动词。近 3 年的七套试题对动词的考
23、查比较稳定，基本是每套 35题，涉及的范围比较广，几乎涵盖了除虚拟语气之外所有动词的用法。预计将来对动词的考查将一如既往地稳定，虚拟语气也应引起大家的注意。(2)名词、代词的考查每年都会涉及。名词主要考查单复数的变化，代词主要考查人称代词主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词的变化。在此提醒大家关注一下反身代词的考查。(3)形容词、副词的比较等级偶有考查，近 3 年的七套试题中出现了两次，都是考查的比较级。但最高级也应成为大家关注的对象。(4)词类转换的考查相对稳定，平均每套题两个左右，形容词变副词是考查的重点，另外，动词变为名词，名词与形容词的互变等都应在备考中多注意。2无提示词无提示词的语法填空考查
24、了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、从句引导词、助动词以及语境填词。(1)冠词、介词主要考查基本用法及固定搭配；并列连词主要看前后的逻辑关系；助动词主要是疑问句或否定句；语境填词包括按固定搭配或逻辑关系选择合适的词。(2)从句引导词指的是三大从句的引导词，包括定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；名词性从句的连接词、连接代词和连接副词；状语从句的连词。但是考查的比较简单，只要搞清从句的基本用法大体都能做对。(3)另外，there be 结构与强调句型也应在备考中多关注。题目怎么做一、有提示词(一)提示词为动词“一定三思”解“动词”命题点 1.考查谓语动词若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的
25、动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态，还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。(2017全国卷)When fat and salt _64_(remove)from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.分析：are removed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，64 空所在的时间状语从句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语 fat and salt 是复数概念，且与 remove 是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构 are removed。(2017全国卷
26、)Later,engineers _68_(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.分析：managed 考查时态。分析句子结构可知，68空所在句的句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。由时间状语later和became known as.可知应用过去时。命题点2.考查非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词通常是非谓语动词，就要确定是v.-ing形式，v.-ed形式，还是不定式。一般来说，v.-ing形式表示主动、进行；v.-ed形式
27、表示被动、完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road，_63_(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over the top.分析：laying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，63空所在的句子已有谓语动词included，故空处应填非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。(2017全国卷)But unlike her school friends,16-year
28、-old Sarah is not spending half-term _61_(rest)分析：resting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，61空所在的句子已有谓语动词is not spending故空处应填非谓语动词。spend time(in)doing sth.“花费时间做某事”。(2016全国卷)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _63_(create)special designs.分析：to create 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，63空所在句已有谓语动词combine，且不与comb
29、ine作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语，故答案为to create。(2015全国卷)A study of travelers _68_(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.分析：conducted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，68空所在句已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语。故答案为conducted。命题点 3.考
30、查词类转换有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求进行词类转换。(2017全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her _66_(educate)分析：education 考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词 her 应该用来修饰名词，educate 的名词形式是 education。(2017全国卷)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will impro
31、ve the taste of your food.However,be _69_(care)not to go to extremes.分析：careful 考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。(2016全国卷)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top _61_(attract)分析：attraction 考查词类转换。表示最具吸引力的地方，应用名词形式。故答案为attraction。(二)提示词为名词或代词“一同二变”看“名、代”命题点1.考查名词、代词的数与格所给提示词是名词时，一般考查
32、单复数的变化，偶尔考查所有格；所给词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。(2017全国卷)This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side _62_(effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.分析：effects 考查名词复数。side
33、effect 副作用，由前面的 some和下文中的两个例子 overweight and heart disease 可知名词 effect 用复数形式 effects。(2016全国卷)Recent _66_(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.分析：studies 考查名词的数。本句的谓语动词是 show，说明空格处的主语是名词复数 studies。(2016四川高考)By that time,the panda no longer needed _68_(
34、it)mother for food.分析：its 考查代词的格。此处表示“它的母亲”，故使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词 mother。故答案为 its。命题点2.考查名词的词类转换及人称代词变为反身代词所给提示词是名词时，有时考查词类转换，主要是名词变为形容词或动词。所给提示词为代词时，有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。(2017全国卷)The Central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success)of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels a
35、nd bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public.分析：successful 考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。(2015全国卷)As _69_(nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on mo
36、st days.分析：natural 考查词类转换。结合空格后的architects可知应该用形容词作定语，修饰名词，因此填natural。(2017咸阳市模拟)When I got to the exit again,I found _66_(I)driving to the place we had driven in.分析：myself 考查人称代词转化为反身代词。空格内的词与前面的I相对应，应是我发现“我自己”，故用反身代词myself。(三)提示词为形容词或副词“二步思维”破“形、副”命题点 1.考查形容词或副词的比较等级所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需考虑是否变为比较级或最高级。(2
37、017全国卷)Even _66_(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.分析：worse 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse 更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。(2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of _61_(great)and less importance.分析：greater 考查比较等级。本
38、空所填之词与less是并列关系，应用比较级的形式。故答案为greater。(2014辽宁高考)The _68_(hard)you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.分析：harder 考查固定句式中的比较等级。这里是“the比较级，the比较级”句式，表示“越就越”。故答案为 harder。命题点 2.考查词类转换所给提示词是形容词时，还需要考虑形容词转化为副词或名词。(2017全国卷)It is _70_(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I dont want t
39、o have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.分析：certainly 考查词性转换之形容词变副词。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词 fun,certain 的副词形式为 certainly。(2016全国卷)The title will be _63_(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.分析：officially 考查词类转换。修饰谓语部分应用副词形式。故答案为officially。(2015全国卷)In addition to their simple beau
40、ty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _63_(able)to“air condition”a house without using electric equipment.分析：ability 考查词类转换。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。故答案为ability。二、无提示词“二步”准填无提示词命题点1.填代词无提示词的考查中，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、不定代词以及it的用法。(2017全国卷)Like anything，it is possible to have too
41、 much of both，_70_ is not good for the health.分析：which 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。(2017全国卷)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using _67_ every day.分析：it 考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词
42、。分析句意可知，此处用it指代上文提到的the railway。命题点2.填介词如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。(2017全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree _68_ engineering or architecture.分析：in 考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or archi
43、tecture工程学或建筑学学位。(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work.分析：from 考查介词。travel to and from work上下班。(2014全国卷)When the b
44、us finally came,we all hurried on board.I got a place next _64_ the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.分析：to 考查固定搭配中的介词。此处是一个固定短语 next to，意为“挨着”。故答案为 to。命题点 3.填冠词如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。(2017全国卷)It took three years to complete and was built using an i
45、nteresting method.This included digging up the road,laying the track and then building a strong roof over _64_ top.When all those had been done,the road surface was replaced.分析：the 考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。(2017全国卷)Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as _62_ model in New York.分析：a 考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约作为一
46、名模特儿每天收入 6 500 英镑。用不定冠词 a 表泛指。(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,_70_ other is with mum she never suspects.分析：the 考查冠词。one.the other.是固定搭配，意为“一个另一个”。故答案为 the。命题点 4.填并列连词空格处是否填并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分，如两个主谓结构完整的词、句子、
47、短语等，而且相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系。(2016全国卷)In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,_61_ Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.分析：and 考查并列连词。这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用 and。(2014全国卷)But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months.分析：or 考查并列连
48、词。句意：但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。a few days 和 a few months 为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用 or 连接。命题点5.填从句连词从句连词是指三大从句的引导词，它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词，首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,_65_ I was the first Western TV repo
49、rter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.分析：when 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格 处 所 在 的 句 子 是 定 语 从 句。定 语 从 句 修 饰 前 面 的“the mid-1980s”，且从句缺少时间状语，故用 when 引导该定语从句。(2016全国卷)Over time,_65_ the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it wo
50、uld cook more quickly.分析：when/as 考查状语从句的引导词。此处空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“当时候，随着”，应用 when/as。(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _64_ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.分析：that或which 考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意和句子结
51、构可知此处是一个定语从句，因为先行词是物，且引导词在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which。(2014广东高考)I didnt understand _20_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.分析：why 考查宾语从句的引导词。“我”不知道/不明白_会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。命题点6.填助动词或情态动词有时，我们需要用助动词来构成某些句式，如疑问句、否定句或强调句型等；另外，有时也需要根据语境填上相应的情态动词。(2014全国卷)
52、Then the driver stood up and asked,“_68_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”分析：Did 考查一般疑问句式中的助动词。分析语境，此处指司机问“有人在上一站丢失手提箱吗？”。这是一个问句，同时丢失东西的动作已经发生，应用一般过去时，因此填did。注意首字母要大写。故答案为Did。(2014全国卷样题)Mum:Are they there?Oh,my goodness.I _9_ have put them in there when the phone rang.分析：must 考查情态动词。结合语境可知，此
53、处表示对过去发生的事情进行的肯定推测，故用 must。命题点7.其他语境填词无提示词的空格有时也需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适当的词。(2016全国卷)So,get an early start and try to be as productive _65_ possible before lunch.分析：as 考查固定搭配。as.as possible为固定搭配，意为“尽可能”。故答案为as。(2015全国卷)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care
54、.A few hours _62_，Id been at home in Hong Kong,with its choking smog.分析：before或earlier 考查逻辑关系。根据句意和“Id been at home”的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前，我待在香港的家里”，“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作arrived之前，故此处填before或earlier均可。(2014辽宁高考)Oh.,if you dont mind,Ill stop and take a deep _70_.分析：breath 考查固定搭配。take a deep breath 意为“深深地吸一口气”，属于
55、固定搭配，故答案为 breath。课堂巩固训练Passage 1(2017烟台诊断)The IMA Blood Bank _1_(set)up in 1995 with a goal that no needy patient should ever die due to lack _2_ blood in Dehradun and its surrounding areas.Deeply _3_(move)by the pain and suffering of a child who was being taken to Delhi with a bleeding leg wrapped
56、in plastic bags,_4_(simple)because there was no blood bank in Dehradun,Dr.Dipak started a movement to create a blood bank by engaging(联合)with the local community._5_ began as a small activity has taken the shape of an inspiring institution of international standards.Due to the huge voluntary support
57、 from the local people,the blood bank has enough blood to function round _6_ clock to serve the local patients.was setofmovedsimplyWhatthe_7_(help)more people in India,the IMA Blood Bank has also developed a team to educate the public about blood donation.They are trying to make people understand th
58、at donating blood is one of the highest _8_(form)of charity.It can be donated by almost any adult who is _9_(health).It is safe to donate every three to six months because blood is recovered very quickly in the body.Meanwhile,the media plays a major role in _10_(create)a higher level of awareness ab
59、out blood donation.This will encourage more and more people to donate blood voluntarily.To helpformshealthycreating体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 主题：IMA 血库【语篇导读】本文介绍了在印度建立 IMA 血库的目的、原因以及可能性，并介绍了献血的安全性。1解析：was set 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：IMA 血库是在 1995 年建立的，它的目标是在德拉敦及其周围地区不再有贫困的病人因为缺少血液而死去。根据时间状语 in 1995 可知，应用一般过去时；主语 The IMA
60、 Blood Bank 与 set up(建立)之间是被动关系，因此，应用被动语态。故填 was set。2解析：of 考查介词。句意见上一题解析。此处lack是名词，lack of为固定短语，意为“缺乏”。故填of。【测训诊断】本题考生易误填介词in，原因是混淆了lack与lacking的搭配。lack作名词时，其后常接介词of；lacking为形容词，意为“没有的；缺乏的；不足的”，其后常接介词in。3解析：moved 考查非谓语动词。句意为：仅仅因为在德拉敦没有血库，一条腿还在流血的孩子，用塑料袋包扎着伤口，正被带去德里，迪帕克医生被这个孩子的痛苦和遭遇深深触动，(从而)和当地社区共同发
61、起创建血库的运动。根据设空后的by可知，设空处应用过去分词作状语，主语Dr.Dipak和move(触动)之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故填moved。4解析：simply 考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处用于修饰 because 引导的原因状语从句，作状语，故用副词形式。故填 simply。5解析：What 考查名词性从句。句意为：作为小型活动开始的运动已经成为一种激励人的符合国际标准的机构。设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指物，故用 What 引导该从句。6解析：the 考查冠词。句意为：由于当地人们自愿的大力支持，血库已有足够的血液日夜不停地为服务当地病人发挥作用。round the
62、 clock 为固定短语，意为“日夜不停地”。故填 the。7解析：To help 考查非谓语动词。句意为：为了帮助更多的印度人，IMA 血库还培养了一个团队向公众普及献血常识。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，因此，应用动词不定式表目的。故填 To help。8解析：forms 考查名词单复数。句意为：他们努力使人们明白献血是最高形式的慈善行为之一。“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“最之一”。故填 forms。9解析：healthy 考查词性转换。句意为：几乎任何健康的成人都可以献血。设空处作系动词 is 的表语，应用形容词。故填healthy。10解析：
63、creating 考查非谓语动词。句意为：同时，媒体在创造更高水平的献血意识方面起了重要作用。设空处前是介词 in，因此要用动名词作宾语。故填 creating。Passage 2(2017江西重点中学协作体第一次联考)Anyone who has had a long-term disease knows that recovering at home can be lonely.This can be _1_(especial)true of children.They may feel _2_(leave)out.Now,these children may have a high-te
64、ch friend to help feel less alone.A small robot may help children who are recovering from long-term _3_(ill).The robot like human beings takes their place at school.And their school friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks.especiallyleftillness(es)Through
65、the robot,a child can hear his or her teachers and friends.He or she can also attend class from wherever they are recovering whether at home _4_ from a hospital bed.Dolva,one of the scientists who _5_(be)concentrating on developing the robot,explains _6_ the robot AVI works.She says from home,the ch
66、ild uses a tablet or phone to start the robot._7_(use)the same device,he or she can control the robots movements.Inside the robot,there is a small computer linked _8_ a 4G network.The robot is _9_(equip)with speakers,microphones and cameras,which makes communicating _10_(easy).So its the eyes and th
67、e ears and the voices at school.Hopefully AVI will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.orarehowUsingto/withequippedeasier体裁：说明文 题材：科学技术主题：机器人帮助患病孩子减少孤独感【语篇导读】病人由于长期患病在家，可能会感觉很孤独，对于孩子更是如此。本文介绍了一种机器人，可以帮助患病的孩子减少孤独感。1解析：especially 考查词性转换。句意为：对孩子们来说可能更是如此。设空处修饰形容词true，要用
68、副词，故填especially。2解析：left 考查非谓语动词。句意为：他们可能会感觉被忽略了。feel作连系动词，leave out表示“遗漏；忽略”，与主语是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作表语。故填left。3解析：illness(es)考查词性转换。句意为：一个小型机器人可能会帮助那些正从长期患病中恢复的孩子们。long-term 为形容词，意为“长期的”，后应接名词。故填 illness(es)。4解析：or 考查连词。句意为：孩子们无论是在家还是躺在医院的病床上康复，都可以听课。根据句中的 whether 可知应填 or，whether.or.为固定搭配，意为“无论还是”。5解析：
69、are 考查主谓一致和动词的时态。句意为：多尔瓦作为潜心研究机器人的科学家之一，解释了机器人 AVI 是如何工作的。本句中，who 引导定语从句，先行词为 scientists，故从句谓语动词应用复数形式；全文主体时态为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时。故填 are。6解析：how 考查宾语从句。句意见上一题解析。设空处引导宾语从句，作 explains 的宾语，根据句意，句中缺少状语，表“方式”，故用 how 引导该从句。7解析：Using 考查非谓语动词。句意为：孩子们用同样的设备便能操控机器人的行动。句中已有谓语 can control，因此，设空处应用非谓语动词；use 与其逻辑主语
70、he or she 之间为主动关系，且在句中作方式状语。故填 Using。8解析：to/with 考查介词。句意为：在机器人内部，有一台连接到 4G 网络的小电脑。be linked to/with.为固定搭配，意为“与连接”。故填 to/with。9解析：equipped 考查动词的语态。句意为：该机器人装配了扬声器、麦克风和相机，这让交流更加容易。be equipped with.为固定搭配，意为“装配有”。故填 equipped。10解析：easier 考查形容词的比较级。句意见上一题解析。设空处在定语从句中作 makes 的宾语补足语，而且本句暗含比较意义，应用形容词的比较级。故填 easier。
