1、重要国际组织与社会公益机构一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)fountainmuseum palace castle situated gallery temple statue exhibition admit charge performance hold book accessible carnival arrangement relaxation construction cover (二)主题词汇训练.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思1The castle was originally surrounded by some wall
2、s, all of which remain.城堡2Several women knelt down before the statue of Buddha and prayed.塑像3He bought this painting in a gallery near the museum. 美术馆4The audience was fascinated by their superb performance. 表演5I cant wait to the time of the beside carnival comings to town. 狂欢节6The palace contains m
3、any art treasure.宫殿7A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free but you will be charged if your home gets picked.收费8The beautiful park is situated on the west of the lake.位于.单句语法填空1The majority of galleries and all special exh
4、ibitions (exhibit) are fully accessible.2Mike，do you know that my sister Amy was admitted (admit) to Beijing University last year?3We all took part in the ceremony held (hold) in our school.4Train tickets can be booked (book) online a minimum of 35 minutes and a maximum of 60 days before departure.5
5、It was once only accessible (access) by that top opening, but there is now easy access through a side path for visitors.6Im glad to hear you will spend the Spring Festival with my family! Now Im going to tell you our arrangements (arrange)7Many high school students in the United States get training
6、in construction (construct) skills by building real houses.8Yoga，as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation (relax)二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解AFinding a mountain goat resting on a cliff (悬崖) might thrill many of the millions of to
7、urists who visit Wyomings Grand Teton National Park every year, but park officials say it might be time for the bearded animals to go.The problem, according to the park, is that Grand Tetons 100 or so mountain goats threaten about 80 bighorn sheep. The bighorn sheep numbered as many as 125 just a fe
8、w years ago. The strong goats spread disease and compete with bighorn sheep for food. Unlike smallsized bighorn sheep，Grand Tetons mountain goats arent native to the park. They were introduced to the park in the 1960s.Grand Teton spokeswoman Denise Germann said，“Weve got a management responsibility
9、to protect the native species. After hearing from the public on the proposal (提议) in January, park officials expect to decide as soon as midFebruary on what to do about the mountain goats.”The goats are reproducing rapidly. Now might be the best time to reduce the animals before theyre too many to b
10、ring under control, according to the Park Service.One wildlife biologist who studies bighorn sheep praised the proposal.“Mountain goats original habitat is nowhere close to where theyve been introduced in the US to provide hunting opportunities，” said Rob Roy Ramey ，with Nederland, Coloradobased Wil
11、dlife Science International, Inc.“Wildlife managers should get rid of mountain goats not only in Grand Teton but elsewhere to help struggling bighorn sheep. Unfortunately, state wildlife agencies sell nonnative wildlife viewing opportunities to the public，” Ramey said. “This is not a zoo in the wild
12、erness. It should really be for native wildlife.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。大蒂顿公园引进的石山羊品种威胁了当地大角羊的生存。1What can be learnt about the bighorn sheep in the park?ATheir size is huge.BTheir number is decreasing.CThey arrived in the 1960s.DThey threaten local species.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“mountain goats threaten about 80
13、bighorn sheep”“The bighorn sheep numbered as many as 125 just a few years ago.”可知，现在大角羊有80只，几年前多达125只，因此公园里大角羊的数量在减少。2How did the public help park officials protect the bighorn sheep?ABy providing suggestions.BBy driving away mountain goats.CBy volunteering in the park.DBy taking over Grand Teton Na
14、tional Park.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After hearing from the public on the proposal (提议) in January”可知，公众对此事提出了建议。3What is Germanns attitude towards the bighorn sheep?ACurious.BProud.CSurprised. DConcerned.解析：选D观点态度题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Weve got a management responsibility to protect the native species.”可推知，Germa
15、nn对大角羊是关心的。4What was the purpose of bringing in mountain goats in the beginning?ATo offer hunting chances.BTo sell nonnative wildlife.CTo satisfy wildlife managers.DTo increase diversities of sheep.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，引进石山羊的最初目的是提供狩猎机会。BWhile elephants born without tusks (长牙) are not unheard of, t
16、hey normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population. However, that is not the case at Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the countrys conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole,
17、 an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory.Poole says before the countrys 15yearlong conflict, the park was home to over 4,000 elephants. However, by the t
18、ime the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to get money. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the parks tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.This is not the first time res
19、earchers have observed a great change in the population of elephants. At Zambias South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Management Area, areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants 25 years old or older and 13% of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008
20、 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory.The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get r
21、id of, or at least reduce elephant hunting. However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, to change the trend.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，有33%的雌象出生时就没有长牙。大象行为专家认为，这是人们为了获得珍贵的象牙，而对大象进行持续不断地猎杀而造成的非自然的进化。5What is the probable c
22、ause of the phenomenon mentioned in Paragraph 1?AIllegal hunting.BConstant farming.CA pure coincidence. DNatural evolution.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段尾句可知，由于持续不断地猎杀大象以获取珍贵的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化。据此可知，第一段中提到的现象的可能原因是非法猎杀大象，故A项正确。6Why did people kill so many elephants during the conflict in Mozambique?ATo get mone
23、y by selling ivory.BTo develop new decorations.CTo provide food for local people.DTo make ivory products.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，人们猎杀大象是为了通过销售象牙来获得钱，故A项正确。7Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants?AGorongosa National Park.BSouth Luangwa National Park.CRuaha National Park.DL
24、upande Game Management Area.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句和第三段可知，Ruaha国家公园是最早记录无长牙雌象的地区，故C项正确。8What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to?AElephants facing greater danger.BElephants growing more slowly.CFewer female elephants staying alive.DMore female elephants being tuskless.
25、解析：选D词义猜测题。根据尾段第二句可知，科学家们并不确定对拥有较高比例无长牙雌象的大象们来说需要多长时间才能改变这种趋势。据此可推知，画线词指代“更多的雌象没有长牙”，故D项正确。.阅读七选五Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19,000pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks? They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of
26、 us can imagine. 1 .So how do the trainers at Sea World do it? The first thing they do is reinforce (强化) the behavior that they want repeatedly in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope. 2 ， in a position where the whale cant help but do whats expected of it. Every time the whale goes over
27、the rope, its given positive reinforcement and gets fed with fish. But what will happen when the whale goes under the rope? Nothing no criticism, no warnings and no feedback. 3 .Positive reinforcement is the key of that simple principle that produces such splendid results. And as the whale begins to
28、 go over the rope more often, the trainers begin to raise the rope. It must be raised slowly enough so that the whale doesnt starve. 4 . Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently. Secondly, undercriticize. People know they need help when they mess up. 5 ， people will
29、 not forget the event and usually will not repeat it.So we need to set up the circumstances so that people cant fail. Overcelebrate, undercriticize . and know how far to raise the rope.AThis is a great challengeBAnd the whale stays right where it isCIf we figure out a way to motivate the whaleDThey
30、start with the rope below the surface of the waterEIf we undercriticize, punish and discipline less than expectedFWhales are taught that their negative behavior wont be acknowledgedGThe simple lesson learned from the whale trainers is to overcelebrate语篇解读：在驯兽师的训练下，体型庞大的鲸能跃出水面进行跳绳表演。驯兽师训练鲸的秘诀是：如果鲸完成被
31、要求的动作，则给它奖励；如果没有完成被要求的动作，则不给出任何反馈，以此让它知道这样的行为是得不到认可的。1选A根据空处所在位置可知，空处起着承上启下的作用；由空处上文可知，在驯兽师的训练下，鲸能跃出水面22英尺进行跳绳表演；据此可推知，这是一个很大的挑战，故A项正确。2选D根据空前一句可知，驯兽师训练鲸的第一步是反复强化他们想要让鲸做的动作，在这种情况下，让鲸跳绳；由此可推知，此处表示开始时，他们会将绳子放在水中，故D项正确。3选F根据上文可知，如果鲸完成被要求的动作，则会得到鱼作为奖赏；如果鲸没有完成被要求的动作，则不批评、不警告，也不给它反馈，由此可推知，这样做是为了让鲸知道，如果它没有
32、完成被要求的动作就得不到认可，故F项正确。4选G根据空后一句“Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently”和尾段第二句中的“Overcelebrate”可推知，在训练鲸的过程中，当它完成了被要求的动作时我们应当多赞扬，故G项正确。5选E根据上文中的“Secondly, undercriticize”可知，该处讲的是从驯兽师那里学到的第二个道理：少批评；据此可推知，此处讲的应是“少批评”的好处，故E项符合语境。.语法填空An amusement park or theme park is a
33、 group of entertaining 1 (attract), rides, and other events in a location for the enjoyment of various people.For many, theres only one good reason 2 (go) to an amusement park：the roller coaster.Others, however, would rather hide behind the closest candy stand 3 go near a coaster.Roller coasters oft
34、en appeal to (吸引) kids whose lives are 4 (bore), stressful or controlled, an expert says.“The summers 5 kids could be kids and float down a river in an inner tube are over.Roller coasters are a way of 6 (break) out of routines (常规) in which too much 7 (expect) of you by others in everyday life.You c
35、an let go and scream and shout or do whatever you want.” Attendance at amusement parks shows many adults feel 8 same way. 9 (compare) with skateboarding, extreme mountain biking, and other adventure sports, riding roller coasters is safe.Parents 10 (general) dont mind when kids go on coasters.Roller
36、 coasters also bring people together.Riders share the thrill and adventure of surviving what feels like an extreme experience.语篇解读：本文介绍了娱乐公园或主题公园里的一个娱乐项目过山车。1attractions考查名词。设空处作宾语，表示“吸引人的事物”，且其前有a group of限定，故填attractions。2to go考查非谓语动词。reason后接带to的不定式作定语，故填to go。3than考查连词。would rather do .than do .
37、意为“宁愿做也不愿做”，故填than。4boring考查形容词。设空处作表语，说明孩子们的生活的样子单调的，无聊的，故填boring。5when考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词summers，且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。6breaking考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词of的宾语，故填breaking。7is expected考查时态和语态。由“by others”可知，too much与expect之间是被动关系，且由“in everyday life”可知，此处描述的是一般情况，故填is expected。8the考查冠词。feel the same way表示“感觉一样，有同样的感觉”，故填the。9Compared考查非谓语动词。compared with/to .意为“与相比较”，故填Compared。10generally考查副词。设空处作状语修饰谓语动词，故填generally。
