1、Section Grammar动词ing形式的用法课前语法感知.教材语法感知教材原句Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored.Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the
2、volcano will flow next and how fast.Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice.Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.Having studied volcanoes
3、now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.探究发现(1)动词ing形式有一般式(doing)和完成式(having_done)两
4、种。(2)动词ing形式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作之间一般没有时间先后之分，如例句。动词ing形式的完成式所表示的动作通常先于谓语动词发生，如例句、和。一般情况下，非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，倘若非谓语动词有自己独立的逻辑主语，则构成独立主格结构，如例句。.真题语法感知1(2018全国卷)We will visit Disneyland Paris park, _ (stay) until late to see the parade and the fireworks.答案：staying2(2018北京高考)A month before my first marathon,
5、 one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, _ (leave) me only two weeks to train.答案：leaving3(2018天津高考)He smiled, _ (shake) his head.答案：shaking4(2017天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ (allow) more patients to be treated.答案：allowing5(2016浙江高考)I
6、 had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _ (work) with students.答案：working6(2016天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.答案：making课堂合作探究一、动词ing形式的时态、语态及意义名师点津动词ing形式的一般式也可以表示先于谓语的动作，但是一般两者之间没有时间间隔，而其完成式则表示与谓语动词所表示的动作有明显的时间间隔。【即景活用1】单句写作站在山顶上
7、，我发现下面的房子看起来像小玩具。_， I found the houses below look like tiny toys.由于我正在使用，这辆自行车不能借给你。_ by me now, the bike cant be lent to you.排队等了半个小时，这位老人忽然意识到他把支票落在了车里。_， the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.由于被交通阻塞耽搁，我晚到了一会儿。_ by the traffic jam, I arrived a little late.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们决
8、定不接受挑战。_ full preparation, we decided not to take on the challenge.答案：Standing on the top of the mountainBeing usedHaving waited in the queue for half an hourHaving been held backNot having made二、动词ing形式作状语动词ing形式作状语，与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，即句子主语是动词ing形式表示的动作的执行者。【即景活用2】单句写作他正接受提问，感到有点紧张。_ to answer the ques
9、tion, he felt a bit nervous.他躺在草地上，久久地凝望天空。He lay on the grass, _ the sky for a long time.他们坐在花园里，谈论着快乐的日子。They sat in the garden, _.杯子掉到了地板上，摔得粉碎。The cup dropped onto the floor, _.因为没有被邀请参加宴会，怀特先生决定自己去看电影。_ to the party, Mr White decided to treat himself to a movie.答案：Being askedstaring attalking a
10、bout the happy daysbreaking into piecesNot having been invited课后演练提能基础题.单句语法填空1_(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.答案：Finding2It snowed heavily last night, thus _ (cause) the traffic problems today.答案：causing3He sent me an email, _ (hope) to get further informatio
11、n.答案：hoping4_ (judge) from media reports, the result has been unclear.答案：Judging5Not _ (receive) her email, I wrote her another one, telling her what I wanted her to do.答案：having received.单句改错1Love is a beautiful song, brings us wild joy and happiness._答案：bringsbringing2The last bus went, we had to
12、walk home._答案：wenthaving gone3Living in Beijing for many years, Tom knew the city well._答案：LivingHaving lived4Generally spoken, body languages are important in our daily life._答案：spokenspeaking5Compared the sun with the earth, we find the latter is much smaller._答案：ComparedComparing.单句写作1一般说来，汉语更为难学
13、。_， Chinese is more difficult to learn.答案：Generally speaking2因为在这个城市住的时间不长，我对它不很了解。_ in this city very long, I knew little about it.答案：Not having lived3孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。The kids entered the classroom, _.答案：singing and dancing4别人给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？_ such a good chance, how could she let it get away?答案：Ha
14、ving been given5看过所有的医学证据，我现在不碰软饮料了。_ all the medical evidence, I dont touch soft drinks now.答案：Having seen能力题.阅读理解ADuring an earthquake, you should know what to do. If the earthquake strikes while you are inside a house, you should lie on the floor under a strong table or other furniture. If there
15、is no furniture, you can cover your head with your arms and keep still in the corner of the room. You should keep away from windows, glass walls, or anything that can fall.If you are in bed, hold firmly onto your bed and make use of a pillow to safeguard your head. You may use a doorway but only whe
16、n it is close to you. It should also be considered whether it is strong enough to deal with the load.If you are running out, do not use lifts, even if they work. Electricity may go out at any time. Many injuries happen when people try to rush out. This means you ought to stay in your house or perhap
17、s wherever you are.When you stay outdoors, you should stay far from buildings, power wires or lights. You should be in the open until the quake stops. Remember that many earthquake deaths outside the house come from falling apart walls, flying glass and other falling things.If an earthquake strikes
18、and you are driving, you should pull up to the side of the highway and stop as quickly as possible. You ought not to stop under trees, buildings or energy wires. Dont stop in the middle of the street as it could trouble others.When trapped, you shouldnt move. Your mouth should be covered with a piec
19、e of clothing or a handkerchief. This is because it is possible for you to breathe in some dust. Do not shout whenever possible. You should only shout in the end to get help from rescuers.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在地震中我们应该怎样自救。1What is the writers purpose of writing this passage?ATo tell us the dangers of
20、an earthquake.BTo tell us what to do before an earthquake.CTo tell us what to do when an earthquake strikes.DTo tell us why running during an earthquake is dangerous.答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“During an earthquake, you should know what to do.”可知选C项。2If there is no furniture in the room during an earthquake,
21、 you should _.Alie still on the floorBstay near the windowCkeep still in the corner of the roomDstay in the centre of the room答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If there is no furniture, you can cover your head with your arms and keep still in the corner of the room.”可知C项正确。3According to the passage, during an earth
22、quake, you had better not _.ause a lift to escape Bstay outdoorsccut off electricity Dkeep driving to escapeAa，d Bb，cCa，b Dc，d答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you are running out, do not use lifts .”和第五段第一句“If an earthquake strikes and you are driving, you should pull up to the side of the highway and stop as q
23、uickly as possible.”可知选A项。4What is the last paragraph mainly about?AWhen to call out for help in an earthquake.BWhat to do when trapped in an earthquake.CHow to make use of a handkerchief in an earthquake.DHow to avoid breathing in some dust in an earthquake.答案：B段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“When trapped, you shou
24、ldnt move. Your mouth should .”可知，最后一段主要讲的是在地震中被困住了该怎么做，故选B项。1furniture n. 家具 2.handkerchief n. 手帕1keep away from 远离 2.even if 即使B(2018玉溪高二检测)In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about half a dozen generate the str
25、ong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hu
26、ndredseven thousandsof miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the
27、process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat is switched to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to turn around in a counterclockwise motion.The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost
28、more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released by a hurricanes rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months.Water, rather than wind, is the main source of death and destroying in a hurricane. A typical hurricane bri
29、ngs 6to12inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the seathe mountains of water moving towards the lowpressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves towards shore.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了飓风的形成过程以及飓风给大自然和人类带来的巨大危害。5An
30、 ordinary tropical storm is called a hurricane when _.Ait occurs in the Caribbean seasBits winds reach 75 miles per hourCit makes its way to the coastlineDits winds begin to circle on the sea答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知热带风暴达到至少每小时75英里，这样就会形成飓风，有些还会登陆海岸。6The counterclockwise movement of the hurricane is caus
31、ed by _.Athe lowpressure area in the center of the stormBthe force of waves of waterCthe increasing heatDthe trade winds答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to turn around in a counterclockwise motion.”可知，当热量上升，刚产生的飓风就开始以逆时针方向盘旋。7What does the third paragraph mainly
32、talk about?AThe hurricane is extraordinarily powerful.BThe hurricane is used to generate electricity.CThe hurricane can otherwise offer an unusual sight.DThe hurricane can give people an unforgettable experience.答案：A段落大意题。第三段主要表述飓风所携带的能量是我们无法想象的。飓风的降雨在一天里所释放的能量就可以满足整个美国6个多月的电力需要。故A项切题。8What is the w
33、orst thing about a hurricane?AThe rough water.BThe violent winds.CThe heat it gives out.DThe length of its life.答案：A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Water, rather than wind, is the main source of death and destroying in a hurricane.”可知，水是飓风造成死亡和破坏的主要因素，而不是风。1disturbance n. 扰动；干扰2moist adj. 潮湿的3counterclockwise adj. 逆
34、时针(方向)的4release vt. 释放1make ones way to . 朝前进2trade winds 信风.语法填空There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is _1_ there are seven times more trees than we _2_ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes
35、 a _3_ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. Thats a three _4_ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new number is unable _5_ (change) anything.What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has c
36、ut the number of trees on the planet _6_ half. A good example of this is _7_ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are _8_ (responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毁林) and farm
37、land. The scientists said this figure is “_9_ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort _10_ (need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide.”1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案：1.that2.thought3.calculation4.followed5.to change6.by7.the8.responsible9.extremely10is needed/will be needed
