1、Grammar直接引语和间接引语Direct and Indirect SpeechS:My name is Sally.T:She said that her name was Sally.S:I want to be teachers when I grow up.T:She said that she wanted to be teachers when she grew up.Direct speechIndirect speech直接引语：直接引述别人的原话间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话一、定义-什么叫做直接引语和间接引语？二、直接引语和间接引语的转化类型1)He said,“Im
2、 going to Beijing.”He said that he was going to Beijing.2)He asked,“Are you a doctor?”He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.3)She said,“What are you doing?”She asked me what I was doing.转述他人的陈述陈述句 的转化转述他人的疑问一般疑问句 的转化转述他人的问题特殊疑问句 的转化Jane said to her friend,“I want to watch TV.”Jane told her friends(t
3、hat)she wanted to watch TV.1.陈述句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：Jane told her friends(that)she wanted to watch TV.1.said to变成told2.用that引导间接引语，可省略3.注意人称代词和时态的变化1.陈述句2.一般疑问句 He said,“Do you have any difficulty with English?”He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my English.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要
4、改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序They asked him if/whetherIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.They asked him if/whether it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.2.一般疑问句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：They said to him,Is it easy to improve the conditio
5、n of the soil?3：间接引语改成陈述句语序1：主句改为asked2：用if/whether引导间接引语，表示“是否”4：注意时态问题 Tom asked me,“Are you going to learn English?”Tom asked whether/if I was going to learn English.3.特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked me what my name was.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序特殊疑问句：“When do yo
6、u harvest the wheat?”they asked him.(They asked him)They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heheharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.2.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.1Tom asked me,“Who is your brother?”To
7、m asked me who my brother is.4.选择疑问句 He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked,“Will you take bus or take train?”I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror5.祈使句直接引语是祈使句时，用ask/tell/order sb.(not)to do sth.
8、句式。“Please come with me,Tom,”said the teacher.-The teacher asked Tom to go with him.“Dont run so quickly,”Mr.Black said to him.-Mr.Black told him not to run so quickly.直接引语间接引语（陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句）四部走：做判断 变人称(和中文里的逻辑是一样的，要符合常理)变时态 变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方位性动词特殊变时态直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时The boy said that he liked the
9、teacher.The boy said,“I like the teacher.”现在进行时过去进行时He said,“Iam watchingTV.”He said that he was watching TV.现在完成时过去完成时Tom said,“Ihave drunk the milk.”Tom said that he had drunk the milk.变时态直接引语间接引语一般过去时过去完成时They said that they had seenher in the street.They said,“We saw her in the street.”过去完成时不变He
10、 said,“Ihad finished my work before lunch.”He said that hehad finished his work before lunch.一般将来时过去将来时Tom said,“I ll do ittomorrow.”Tom said that he would do it tomorrow.The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变The g
11、eography teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.2.如果直接引语所强调的动作或者状态现在仍然存在，时态可不变Miss Zhang said,“I am a teacher.”Miss Zhang said she is a teacher.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。She says,“Ill never forget the days in the countr
12、y.”主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that,said to sb.that,told sb.that，不可直接说told that直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词 this,that,these thosenow,then,todaythat day this week that week yesterday the day before last weekthe week beforefour days agofour days beforethe day before yesterday two days befor
13、e tomorrow the next daynext monththe next month here there come,go,bring take直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词shallshouldwillwouldmaymightcancouldmustshouldshould（不变）wouldwould（不变）mightmight（不变）couldcould（不变）must/had to直接引语和间接引语(二)祈使句变间接引语的用法一.1）直接引语如果是肯定的祈使句，变为间接引语时，在动词不定式之前用tell(让)，ask(请)，order(命令)，command(命令)，
14、warn(警告)，advise(建议)等含有祈使意义的动词。tell/ask/order/command sb.to do sth.“Hurry up.”he said.He told me to hurry up.2）若祈使句为否定式，在动词不定式之前加nottell/ask/order/command sb.not to do sth.He said to them，“Dont go out.”He ordered them not to go out.二有些表建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可用suggest，offer等动词加以转述，此时注意这些词的固定搭配。He said，“
15、Lets go to the school.”He suggested that we(should)go to the school.三直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what/how引导，也可用that.She said，“What a lovely day it is！”She said what a lovely day it was.或：She said that it was a lovely day.注意：有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的意思采用适当的动词变为陈述句。“Happy New Year！”he said.He wished me a Happy New Year.【链接
16、训练】“Dont give up the hope before you really try hard.”Sam said.变间接引语为_Sam told me not to give up the hope before I really tried hard.【解析】祈使句变间接引语时常用ask/tell sb.(not)to do sth.，注意人称和时态的变化。“Will you come here next Sunday？”Sunny asked.变间接引语为 _A Sunny told us to come here next Sunday.BSunny told us to g
17、o there next Sunday.CSunny asked if we would go there the next Sunday.DSunny asked us to come here the next Sunday.【解析】一般疑问句变为间引时用if或whether前面用ask，come变成go,时间状语加the【答案】CWhat did the doctor say?He _ Jim to _ in bed for 2 days.Asaid；lie Badvised；layCadvised；lain Dtold；lie【解析】考查间接引语中动词的选用及搭配。tell sb.to
18、 do sth.“告诉某人做某事”；say sb.to do sth.不搭配，所以排除A项；advise后虽可接sb.to do sth.，但是B项和C项的lay和lain都不是躺“lie”的原形，所以都被排除掉。【答案】D“Be careful with the dog，”said he.He _ me to be careful with the dog.Asaid Bwarned Cbegged Dhoped【解析】考查间接引语的动词选用。句意为：他告诫我小心那条狗。warn是“告诫，警告，提醒”的意思；A项和D项搭配不对；C项的beg是“请求；恳求”的意思，所以也不对，排除掉。【答案】B
