1、目 录 Contents A.题型全突破B.考情全揭秘考点5考点6考点7考点8考点1考点2考点3考点4题型全突破继续学习高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题题型全突破1A.题型概述词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧,词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会顺藤摸瓜,通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外,这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种:1.在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。2.专业化程度较高的词。3.生僻词。4.常用代词。此类题旨在考查考生在特定语境中理解词(短语、句子)的能力以
2、及通过上下文或构词法猜测超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的能力。因此,考生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响到这类题的得分率。高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破2B.常见设问形式1.The underlined phrase in the second paragraph could be replaced by .2.The underlined word in the first paragraph probably means .3.What is the meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph?4.Which of
3、the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word?5.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to?6.What do you think the expression stands for?7.Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word in Paragraph 3?8.According to the passage,the underlined word
4、 is known as .高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破3C.选项特点1.正确选项的特点(1)相应词语的同义词语。(2)对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。2.干扰项的特点(1)对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。(2)故意丢三落四。(3)半对半错。(4)曲解原意。这些干扰项有时会使用较多原句中的表达方式,给人似是而非的误导,考生要多加注意。高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破4方法1 根据上下文语境进行猜测猜测任何词义都离不开上下文,所以可借助上下文对需要猜测的词、短语或句子进行合乎逻辑的推测。典例1 2015新课标全国,C Salvador Dali(19041989)
5、was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor
6、will find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938,works on paper,objects,and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.考点一高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破5The visitor will e
7、nter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning,the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限),From the infinity small to the infinity large,
8、contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia
9、 in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题题型全突破631.What does the word contributions in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.解析 根据最后一段可知,多家博物馆通力合作,共同精选展出作品。文中提到像西班牙马德里的
10、博物馆和圣彼德斯堡的博物馆这样的机构也提供萨尔瓦多达利的作品参加展览。由此推测,contributions指作品,故选A。答案 A高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破7方法2 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测英语文章中的代词one,it,that,them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事物。典例2 2014安徽,E You may not have heard of Ashoka,but for the past 27 years,this association,founded by Bil
11、l Drayton,has fought poverty(贫困)and sickness,promoted education and encouraged small businesses.To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising changemakers seeking to solve(解决)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker
12、.考点二高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破8Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change.The important thing is to simply give yourself permission.If you see a problem that you care about,you can help solve it.The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wa
13、nts to grow into a happy,healthy,contributing adult.In fact,it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka,which handled the rubbish problem facing the city,helped local farmers an
14、d provided an income for poor people there.高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破9When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets,attracting rats and disease,they discovered that 80%of it was natural waste.So they educated the poor people in the city
15、 to compost(把制成堆肥)this waste.They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers(化肥)which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years.At first,they were refused,but once they were able to persu
16、ade them that there was money to be made,the project took off.In 2009 sales were$14,000.考点二高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破10Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.73.
17、The underlined word them in Paragraph 3 probably refers to .A.the local farmersB.Masqsood and IftekharC.Drayton and his teamD.the poor people in Dhaka返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题题型全突破11解析 考查代词指代。在1995年,Masqsood和Iftekhar教城里的穷人把垃圾制成堆肥,因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场。起初他们遭到了拒绝,但是当他们使这些人信服这样做有钱可赚时,这一项目得以实施。故画线的them指代the poor peo
18、ple in the city。故选D。答案 D高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破12方法3 根据同义或类比关系进行猜测当词语被并列连词and,or,as well as所连接或词语之间有just as,like,similarly等时,前后的两项内容在含义上是接近的或相近的,由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词或短语所表达的意义。典例3 1.2.3Something else,however,has been on the rise.While GM seeds are expensive,GM companies tell farmers that they will make g
19、ood profits by saving money on pesticides(杀虫剂).On the contrary,US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops.The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true,said Bill Christi
20、son,President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.考点三返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题题型全突破1358.What does the underlined word boost in the third paragraph probably mean?A.Control.B.Evaluate.C.Obtain.D.Increase.解析 联系上下文及boost所在句子的意思可知,其承诺是你能够使用很少的化学物质并且可以提高产量,本题的关键词为and,因此D项正确。答案 D高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破14方法
21、4 根据定义或解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。此类由定义或解释来猜测词义的方法很多:表示定义关系的常见信息词有be,mean,represent,be called/named,be considered,be defined as(被定义为),be known as,refer to等;表示同位关系的常见信息词有that is,that is to say,in other words,namely,or rather(精确地说)等;有些生词会以破折号、括号、逗号、冒号等暗示读者,解释说明前面的词。典例4
22、12Do you know what a territory is?A territory is an area that an animal,usually the male,claims(声称)as its own.Only he and his family are welcome there.No other families of the same species(物种)are welcome.Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome.If a stran
23、ger should enter your territory and threaten you,you might shout.Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.考点四返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题题型全突破1557.What is a birds territory?A.A place where families of other species are not accepted.B.A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.C.An area
24、for which birds fight against each other.D.An area which a bird considers to be its own.解析 文章第二段首先提出什么是territory,紧跟着就是对territory的解释,由定义可推知,这里territory指的是鸟类的地盘。答案 D高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破16方法5 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测在一个句子或段落中,有时会出现对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述,考生可以利用这种关系猜词悟义。表示对比关系的词语主要有however,but,instead,despite,unlike,y
25、et,while,whereas(反之,而,却),rather than,instead of,in spite of,on the contrary,on the other hand,in contrast等。典例5 There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care.To water his flowers,he used two buckets.One was a shiny and new bucket.The other was a very old and dilapidated one,which h
26、ad seen many years of service,but was now past its best.考点五返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题题型全突破1756.What does the underlined word dilapidated probably mean?A.Dirty.B.Dark.C.Worn-out.D.Plain-looking.解析 由onethe other结构可知,old and dilapidated对应前面的shiny and new。由此可判断dilapidated的意思应与shiny and new相反,即worn-out。答案 C高考帮英
27、语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破18方法6 根据举例进行猜测在一些阅读材料中,为了阐明某一种重要观点或者讲清楚某一抽象概念,作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释,从而使读者理解得更具体些,而这些例子恰好为猜测词义提供了重要线索。表示列举关系的信息词有like,for example,for instance,such as,include等。典例6 In his book,he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching
28、 extremely important tipping points,such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica考点六返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题题型全突破1973.The underlined words tipping points most probably refer to .A.freezing points B.burning points C.melting points D.boiling points解析 本题要求猜测tipping points的意思,根据下文的
29、例子such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica可知,tipping points的意思为融化点,与C项同义。答案 C高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破20方法7 根据因果关系进行猜测在有些文章或段落中,两种现象或两个事物之间可能会构成因果关系,我们可以利用这种关系来猜测词义。典例7 1.2Of course,the good of oxen is not limited to plowing.In fact,they are seen as boats on land for t
30、heir ability to carry loads.Besides,the whole body of an ox is full of treasures.Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition,and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes.With all these qualities,oxen are regarded as generous creatures.考点七返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题题型全突破2160.The words boats on lan
31、d underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to .A.animals for taking goods B.creatures for pulling plowsC.treasures of the folk culture D.tools in the farming economy解析 画线部分后的for their ability to carry loads 是对前面的解释说明,由此可以很轻松地得到结果:牛被看作陆地之舟,是一种运输货物的动物。答案 A高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破22方法8 根据构词法进行猜测英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀
32、)和词尾(后缀)所组成的。词根是单词最基本的部分,表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申或转变原词的意义或改变词性。掌握前缀、后缀规律有助于理解词义。如un-,im-,in-,dis-,il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词,后缀-ful,-ly,-ism,-ness等可改变词性。典例8 2017山西重点中学协作体考试 The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past.The three-day event is not fixed(固定的)to the same dates each year,
33、but generally takes place in November or December.It is well attended by tourists,but even better attended by locals(当地人).考点八高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习题型全突破23During the opening ceremonies,after the official greetings from the government leaders,people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before t
34、he viewing stands,and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship.One following another,groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditiona
35、l culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns(喇叭)and beat drums(鼓)as they dance in different designs.On their knees in the sand,a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair:their long,dark,shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.The local a
36、nd visiting Italian dogs are anxious to run after hares.The crowd is on its feet for the camel races.Camels and riders run far into the distance,and then return to the finish line in front of the cheering people.返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题题型全突破24Towards the evening,there comes the grand finale of the openin
37、g day,an extremely exciting horse race.All the riders run very fast on the horseback.Some riders hang off the side of their saddles(马鞍).Some even ride upside down their legs and feet straight up in the air all at full speed.Others rush down the course together,men arm in arm,on different horses.On a
38、nd on they go.So fast and so wonderful!27.The underlined word finale in the fourth paragraph most probably means the of the opening day.A.first part B.middle C.last part D.whole解析 由语境Towards the evening以及final,finale,finally之间的联系可知该词在此处的意思是开幕式中的最后一项,故答案为C。答案 C考情全揭秘高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘1词义猜测题包括单词猜
39、测题、短语意思猜测题、代词指代题和句意理解题。而高考中考查最多的是单词猜测题,但在近两年的高考中加大了对短语意思猜测题的考查力度。Passage 12016乙卷(全国),C体裁:记叙文 话题:干细胞运送志愿者的经历 词数:248 难度:建议时间:5分钟 I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012,Ive done 89 trips of those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box becau
40、se Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient,weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘2 I had one trip last year where I was caught b
41、y a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:“Well,Im really sorry,Ive got some bad news for you there are no flights from Washingt
42、on.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient please,please,youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道)me through
43、 Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘3For this courier job,youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.试题分析第一段介绍了自己的工作特点,29题可以根据上文讲到的方法1(根据上下文语境进行猜测)来做题;第二段围绕I am always cons
44、cious of time我总是有时间意识来展开介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历;第三段总结概括,再次说明这项工作的特殊含义以及重要性。高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘4难句突破句式分析:For this courier job是介词短语,在句中作状语;that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life是宾语从句,in that box是宾语从句中的地点状语,youve got something是宾语从句中的主谓宾;that is potenti
45、ally going to save somebodys life是定语从句,修饰前面的something。句意:对于这份传递员的工作而言,你会自觉地意识到你手中的那个箱子装着可能挽救某人生命的东西。高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘529.Which of the following can replace the underlined word courier in Paragraph 1?A.provider B.delivery manC.collectorD.medical doctor30.Why does Peter have to complete his tri
46、p within 42 hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice wont last any longer.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.【答案与解析】本文介绍了一个名叫Peter Hod
47、es的人从事的有关干细胞传递的志愿者工作,并主要讲述了他的一次难忘的经历。在传递干细胞的过程中,他深刻地意识到时间就是生命。高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘629.B 考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的Since March 2012,Ive done 89 trips of those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box可知,作者是干细胞传递员,故选B。30.D 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细
48、胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last可知,冰维持的最长时间是42小时,故选D。31.B 考查细节理解。根据第二段的最后一句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled可知,这位女士安排作者乘坐一架小型飞机改道经纽瓦
49、克回到了英国,故选B。Passage 22015新课标全国,A体裁:记叙文 话题:彩电带来的烦恼 词数:265 难度:建议时间:5分钟高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘7My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I le
50、t a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fort
51、unately,I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘8Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电)noise.For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial,a loud noise would sound for a few secon
52、ds.Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show,and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.Wh
53、en neither of these methods removed the static noise,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me$62,and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.高考帮英
54、语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘9难句突破句式分析:这是一个主从复合句。连词because引导原因状语从句,同时该从句又包含了一个由that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词clothes。句意:我能够在一年多前买下它(电视机)是因为我让我的亲戚们在我生日时给我钱而不是买大量不合身的衣服。难句突破句式分析:这是一个复合句。句子的主干是The set worked;that引导的是一个结果状语从句,其中主句中使用了when引导的时间状语从句,从句中until引导的也是一个时间状语从句。句意:刚买回家时,电视运转得非常好,以至于我会直到电视台结束了当晚节目的播放后才关机。22题为短语意思猜测题,此
55、短语考生不熟悉,需要借助语境来猜测其意义。高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘1021.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldnt return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.22.Which of the fo
56、llowing can best replace the phrase signed off in Paragraph 1?A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed all-night movies23.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A.By shaking and hitting it.B.By turning it on and off.C.By switching channels.
57、D.By having it repaired.高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题继续学习考情全揭秘1124.How does the author sound when telling the story?A.Curious.B.Anxious.C.Cautious.D.Humorous.【答案与解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者用诙谐、幽默的语气讲述了自己高价购买的一台电视机给自己带来的诸多烦恼。21.C 考查细节理解。依据第一段中的I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day lat
58、er,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.可知答案。返回目录高考帮英语阅读理解 词义猜测题考情全揭秘1222.A 考查词义猜测。结合画线部分所在的句子The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.可知,此处指作者一开始把它带回家时,一切如此顺利以至于作者一直
59、看到电视台停止播放节目。故选A。23.D 考查细节理解。依据最后一段的My trip to the repair shop cost me$62,and the set is working well now可知,最终作者到维修店才使电视机恢复正常。24.D 考查态度判断。由文章第一段的My color television has given me nothing but a headache.,第二段中的I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.,以及最后一段中的but I keep expecting more trouble可知,作者用幽默的语气描述了这台电视机给自己带来的烦恼。
