1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 4Global warmingLearning about Languageit的用法()观察上面对话, 对下面句子的黑体部分进行强调。1. Human activity has caused this global warming. It is human activity that has caused this global warming. 2. Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmospher
2、e. It is in the atmosphere that greenhouse gases continue to build up. 强调句型主要是为了对一定语境下句子的某些成分进行突出、强调而采用的一种修辞手法。英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成分进行强调。一、强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构为: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分*In China, it is the elderly that/who are usually the first to taste the food served on the table. 在中
3、国, 第一个品尝端上餐桌的食物的是老人。(强调主语)*It was the scholar that/who I met yesterday. 我昨天遇见的是这位学者。(强调宾语)*It was in Beijing that he lived ten years ago. 他十年前是住在北京的。(强调地点状语)*It was because she was afraid of darkness that she never went out alone at night. 她是因为怕黑才晚上从不一个人出门。(强调原因状语从句)(1)强调句型中it没有任何意义, 只起引导作用, 但不能用thi
4、s、that等词替代。(2)强调句型只能用来强调句子的主语、宾语和状语, 但不能强调谓语。(3)当被强调部分是表示人的名词或代词时可用who代替that, 否则只能用that。(1) That was because he was ill that he was absent from school yesterday. (第一个ThatIt)(2) It was on a lonely island where he was saved last week. (wherethat)(3) It was at 10 oclock when he got home last night. (wh
5、enthat或去掉at)(4) It was a wallet which I picked up on the ground on my way home. (whichthat)二、强调句型动词的时态及数强调句型的时态取决于原句的时态: 若原句动词的时态是过去时间范畴的时态, 则it后用was; 若原句动词的时态是现在或将来时间范畴的时态, 则it后用is。*I hate jazz most. It is jazz that I hate most. 我最不喜欢的就是爵士乐。*I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as
6、 soon as possible with your generous help. It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible. 在您的慷慨帮助下, 我坚信我会尽快适应大学生活。*Tom had to face the consequences of his actions. It was Tom who had to face the consequences of his actions. 不得不面对自己的行为所带
7、来的后果的是汤姆。无论被强调部分是单数还是复数, be动词只能用单数形式is或 was。用is或者was填空。(1)It is in America that Li Leis father will work. (2)It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress. (3)It was at this school that I studied a few years ago. (4)It was by the end of last week that we had finished the whole unit. 三、强调句型
8、的疑问句式(1)一般疑问句: Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分? (2)特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ is/was+it+that/who + 其他成分? *Is it because he is ill that he cant come? 是因为生病他才不能来吗? *Was it at midnight that a fire broke out? 是在午夜时分发生了那场大火吗? *When was it that you quit the permanent job? 你究竟是什么时候辞掉固定工作的? *Why is it that he cant c
9、ome? 他为什么不能来? 若强调句型的特殊疑问句位于宾语从句的位置, 则要用陈述语序。(1)Is it from Jin Yongs books that we can see how a hero grows up? 是从金庸的书中我们可以看到一个英雄是如何成长的吗? (2)Is it the people who obey the traffic rules that matter in reducing traffic accidents. 在减少交通事故上, 是遵守交通规则的人们起紧要作用吗? (3)Was it because of the heavy snow in Europe
10、 that the flight had to be put off? 是因为欧洲下大雪, 航班才不得不推迟吗? (4)What was it that made his parents so happy? 是什么使他的父母如此高兴? (5)Why was it that you didnt come yesterday? 你为什么昨天没有来? (6)I dont know where it was that he put the book. 我不知道他把书到底放在哪里了。四、not. . . until. . . 的强调句型对“not. . . until. . . ”结构进行强调, 要用“
11、It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”这一固定结构。*He didnt realize the importance of learning English well until he went to America as an exchange student. It was not until he went to America as an exchange student that he realized the importance of learning English well. 直到作为交流生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。*We were
12、 not able to go to Canada until last year. It was not until last year that we were able to go to Canada. 直到去年我们才得以去加拿大。在“It is/was not until . . . that . . . ”句型中, 由于否定词已经前移, that后应用肯定形式。另外该句型中until不能换为till。用强调句型改写下面的句子。(1)He didnt realize he had spent the whole day on the Internet until 8 oclock. I
13、t was not until 8 oclock that he realized he had spent the whole day on the Internet. (2)He didnt realize the importance of time until my son had entered the university. It was not until my son had entered the university that he realized the importance of time. 五、强调句型的注意事项1. 强调句型的主谓一致在强调句型中, 若强调原句中的
14、主语, that/who后谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数保持一致。*It is only I who am willing to work like that. 愿意那样工作的只有我。*It is his friends who have paid off all the debts for him. 是他的朋友们帮他还清了所有的债务。2. 易与强调句型混淆的几个句型It be+时间点+when从句, 表示“某个时间发生了某事”。*It was 9 oclock when we arrived at the destination. 我们到达目的地时已经9点了。It+would be
15、/will be+时间段+before从句, 表示“还有多久某事会发生”。*It will be two years before we can see each other again. 要过两年我们才能再见面。It+was+时间段+before从句, 表示“过了多久某事才发生”。*It was three years before we met again. 过了三年我们才又一次见面。It be+时间段+since从句, 表示“从某事发生以来有多久了”。*It is two years since I joined the army. 我参军已经两年了。It/This/That/There
16、 was a time when. . . “曾经一度(那时)”, when引导定语从句。*There was a time when I lacked confidence, which made my parents very worried. 我曾经一度缺乏自信心, 这让父母很担心。It be +adj. /n. /v. -ed + that + 陈述句在这个句型中, it是形式主语, that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。*It is important that college students master a foreign language. 大学生掌握一门外语是很重要的。*It
17、 is a shame that students leave the water running without turning off the tap after washing. 洗漱完毕后学生没关水龙头而让水流个不停是可耻的。*It is requested that the work (should) be finished at once. 有人要求立即完成这项工作。强调谓语时, 借助于“do/does/did+动词原形”*We study as a group and all of us do enjoy ourselves. 我们以小组为单位学习, 而且大家确实非常开心。*I
18、do sincerely hope you take part in the speech contest. 我的确真诚地希望你参加这次演讲比赛。【巧学助记】强调结构记忆口诀it强调并不难, that总是在中间。除了谓语不用管, 主宾表状都提前。否定转移必考题, 否定强调难为你。疑问强调莫忽视, 高考场上要牢记。【知识延伸】强调句型的特殊情况(1)强调句型与定语从句结合有时强调句型的被强调部分后跟有定语从句, 这时要正确理解句子结构, 分清各自的引导词。It was in the school where they had their schooling that they had a get
19、-together again twenty years later. 在他们曾经接受教育的学校里, 他们20年后又聚在了一起。(where引导定语从句, that引导强调句型)(2)强调句型的省略形式为了表达的需要, 在上下文中, 强调句型的某个部分会省略掉, 为了正确理解句子意思, 我们可以将省略的部分补充完整。Who is making so much noise in the garden? It is the children (who/that are making so much noise in the garden). 选词填空(before/when/since/that)
20、。(1)It was seven oclock when we reached the mountain village. (2)It will be a long time before he comes back. (3)It was 4 years ago that I graduated from college. (4)It is 10 years since he came to live here. . 单句改错1. That was Tom that I met on the street yesterday. (第一个ThatIt)2. How was that he man
21、aged to get the information? (在was后加it)3. It is you, not Mike, that is in charge of the company. (第二个isare)4. It was a set of keys which I found on the playground. (whichthat)5. It was on July 1, 1921 when the Chinese Communist Party was founded. (whenthat). 用强调句改写黑体部分1. His father helped him a lot.
22、 It was his father that/who helped him a lot. 2. Because Jack came late for school, Mr Smith got angry. It was because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry. 3. You should pay special attention to table manners when attending the dinner party. It is table manners that you should pay spec
23、ial attention to when attending the dinner party. 4. Where did you disagree with my suggestions? Where was it that you disagreed with my suggestions? 5. I didnt know real happiness until I met you. It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness. 6. When shall we meet together? When is it that
24、 we shall meet together? 7. What he said disappointed me. It was what he said that disappointed me. 8. He returned the book to me yesterday. I might have put it somewhere else. He did return the book to me yesterday. I might have put it somewhere else. 根据提示用所学强调句的用法翻译下列语段。1. 我们的邻居王先生说服我们和他一起去旅游。(强调主
25、语)2. 因为我们知道他很靠得住, 所以我们同意了。(强调原因状语)3. 他关注准备工作的每个细节。(强调宾语)4. 他选择了路线, 找了交通工具并且制作了日程表。(强调主语)5. 当我们享受着温暖的阳光、欣赏着美景时, 我们是那么激动。(强调时间状语)6. 这次旅行改变了我们对王先生不好相处的印象。(强调主语)It was our neighbor Mr Wang who persuaded us to join in his journey. It was because we knew he was quite reliable that we agreed. It was every
26、detail of the preparations that he paid attention to. It was he that/who chose the route, found the transport and made the schedule. It was when we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful view that we were so excited. It was the travel that changed our impression that Mr Wang was not easy to get along with. 关闭Word文档返回原板块
