1、. Important words1. n.v.收获；收割 2._ n.庆祝，祝贺3. adj.宗教上的；虔诚的_ n.4._ vi.vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死 5. n.信任；信心；信仰6. n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门 7. n.到达；到来；到达者8. vt.获得；得到9. n.独立；自主 _ adj. 独立的；自主的10. vt.搜集；集合；聚集11. n.农业；农艺；农学_adj.农业的；农艺的12. n.奖；奖品vt.授予；判定13. vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕_ n.14. adj.充满活力的；积极的 15. n.习惯；风俗16. adj.遍及全世界的；世界性的17. n.许可；允许 18.
2、 vi.道歉；辩白19. vt.vi.淹没；溺死 20. adj.明显的；显而易见的21. vt.提醒；使想起22. vt.原谅；饶恕_ 过去式_过去分词. Important phrases.1. 发生 2. 纪念；追念3. 盛装；打扮；装饰4._ 搞恶作剧；开玩笑5. 期盼；盼望 6. 日夜，整天7. 好像 8. 出现；到场9. 守信用；履行诺言10. 屏息；屏气11. 出发，动身，使爆炸12. 使想起.单词短语解析1. take place vi. 发生;举行Great changes have taken place in our country since 1976.自1976年以来
3、，我们国家发生了巨大的变化。Please make sure when and where the accident happened.辨析:take place / happen / occur / come about / break outtake place “发生,举行”事先计划或预想到的happen “发生,碰巧”强调偶然性，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。break out (战争，灾害，疾病)爆发occur作“发生、想到、突然想起”解，其意义相当于happen。come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。共同点：均为不及物动词，
4、无被动语态2.celebration n. 庆祝，庆贺 celebrate v.辨析：celebrate“庆祝”，后面跟某个节日或物。congratulate“祝贺”，一般搭配为congratulate sb. on (doing)sth.“祝贺某人某事”。 Lets hold a party to celebrate your birthday and at the same time congratulate you on your passing the examination.3. starve vt. & vi.(使)饿死;饥饿 starvation n.饥饿；饿死starved a
5、dj. 饥饿的，饿死的 a starved child 饥饿的孩子starve for/be starved of 希望/渴望得到某物 starve to do sth.渴望去做die of starvation 死于饥饿 starve to death饿死I would rather starve than beg.The children are starving for love.Millions of people starved to death during the war. 战争中数以百万计的人挨饿至死.5. dress up打扮；修饰dress vt.给穿衣服dress sb.
6、/oneself给某人或自己穿衣服sb. be dressed in+衣服/颜色 穿衣服Helen dressed up to go to the birthday party.The boy is only two years old, but he can dress himself.The woman is dressed in red (skirt).6. play a trick on搞恶作剧 play a joke on开玩笑make fun of开玩笑 laugh at嘲笑某人Lets play a trick on him，shall we?7. gain vt. 获得；得到
7、n.c,u 收获；获利gain experience / fame / independence 获得经验/名望/独立gain sth. from 从处获得某物Im new on the job, but I am already gaining experience.我干这工作是新手，但我已经在积累经验了。No pains, no gains.（谚语）不劳无获。8. gather vt.& vi.（使）聚集，集合gather together聚集,聚合 gather up收集，打起精神gathering n.聚会，集会 a family gathering 家庭聚会All the child
8、ren gathered round the old man to listen to his story.所有的孩子都围在老人身边听故事。9. award n. 奖品，奖 vt授与,判定辨析：award / reward award n.“奖品”、“奖金”，指因为作出杰出成就而受奖win/get/receive anthe 1st 2nd award for sth.因而获奖一二等奖vt.“授与”、“颁发”、“判给” award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 授奖给某人reward n.“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬as a reward，in reward
9、 for作为对的回报vt. 表示“报答”、“酬谢”之意 reward sb. for sth. 因 奖赏某人； reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人10admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕 admiration n.u 钦佩；羡慕admire sb. for sth./ doing sth. 在某方面钦佩某人 in admiration赞美地/钦佩地I greatly admire your honesty.I admire him for his courage.11. look forward to 盼望；期待 Im looking forward to seeing
10、 you this summer vacation. 我期待暑假见到你 I m really looking forward to our vacation. 短语归纳 短语中to是介词，后接名词、代词及动词-ing形式：lead to导致；通向 object to反对 refer to查阅；提到 stick to粘住；坚持 devote.to 贡献给；致力于 see to 负责，处理 get close to接近；差点get down to着手做 get/be used to 习惯于 pay attention to 注意 12. as if/though 好像as though和as if
11、引导方式状语从句或表语从句用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气, 根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。当从句中的谓语动词与现在事实相反，用一般过去时态，be动词用were；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。后面的从句也用陈述语气。 He talks as if he knew about it.She acted as though nothing had happened.It looks as if it s going to rain当从句主语和主句主语一致, 从句谓语中又含有动词be时, 可把主语和be一起省去。 He looked about as though (he was) in search of something他四下张望, 好像寻找什么。
