1、必修一Unit 4Earthquakes.阅读理解A(2020成都市高中毕业班三诊)“Like a monster, it destroys everything.” Thats how one school girl described a tsunami (海啸)On Dec. 26, 2004, a magnitude-9.1 earthquake in Indonesia set off a massive tsunami. It killed more than 290,000 people across a dozen countries and cost an estimated
2、 $10 billion in damage.Nov. 5 is World Tsunami Awareness Day and at the United Nations, disaster risk reduction was high on the agenda.“What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped，” said Bulgarians U. N. Ambassador Georgi Velikov Panayotov. He was on vacation in Thailand in 2004 a
3、nd survived the tsunami. “What we can do is build early warning systems and, of course, educate the population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave，” he said.On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9 earthquake rocked northeastern Japan triggering a fierce tsunami that also damaged the Fukushima Daii
4、chi nuclear plant, south of Sendai.“When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011, people thought that we were prepared for it，” said Japans U. N. Ambassador Koro Bessho. “It caused severe damage. We had dams; we had drills. However, we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the ea
5、rthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years，” he said. These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness. In 2015 the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was born. It aims to help create a better understan
6、ding of disaster risk and improve preparedness for an effective response.Indonesia is made up of thousands of islands which are disaster-prone (灾害频发的). Willem Rampangilei, head of Indonesia National Board for Disaster Management, said his government now has plans for every disaster-prone city.Countr
7、ies at risk are also expanding their education programs. Children from an early age are taught how to react in case of a tsunami and then go with their classmates to higher ground away from coastal areas to avoid the walls of water the tsunami triggers.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了两次海啸带来的灾难及人们面对海啸应该做什么，并说明一些国
8、家已在改进灾害防范准备工作以减少损害。1What does Georgi Velikov Panayotov mainly talk about？ B A. The general features of a tsunami.BWays for humans to face a tsunami.CHis suffering in the 2004 tsunami.DThe loss caused by the 2004 tsunami.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的“Georgi Velikov Panayotov”定位到第四段，根据Georgi Velikov Panayotov所说的话“W
9、hat I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped”“What we can do is build early warning systems and，of course，educate the population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave”可知，他主要谈论的是人类面对海啸的方式。故B项正确。2In Koro Besshos opinion, why did the 2011 earthquake cause severe damage？ C AIt ca
10、used a fierce tsunami.BIt destroyed a nuclear plant.CThe size was beyond expectation.DThere was no effective defense system.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的“Koro Bessho”定位到第六段，根据该段中的“We had dams；we had drills.However，we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of po
11、ssibly every 500 years or thousand years”可知，Koro Bessho认为地震规模超出了预期，造成了严重破坏。故C项正确。3What common belief pushed different countries to take action to face a coming tsunami？ B AChildren should be protected by all means.BThe improvement of preparedness can reduce damage.CProper response in case of a tsuna
12、mi can save ones life.D. Stronger measures should be taken in disaster-prone areas.解析：细节理解题。根据第七段第一句“These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness.”可知，这些地区的国家都认为改进防灾准备工作可以减少损害。故B项正确。4Which can be the best title of the text？ D A World Tsu
13、nami Awareness DayBNations Attacked by a Massive TsunamiCThe Unpredictable and Destructive DisasterDLearn from Disasters to Prevent Future Ones解析：标题判断题。本文主要介绍了两次海啸带来的灾难及人们面对海啸应该做什么，并说明一些国家已在改进防灾准备工作以减少损害。故D项“从灾难中学习以预防未来的灾难”最适合作本文标题。B(2020郑州市高中毕业年级第三次质检)Fires sweeping across the Amazon rainforest are
14、 a hot topic as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change crisis and endanger biodiversity (生物多样性)As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest is often called“the lungs of the world”. It is also home to about three million species of plants
15、 and animals, and one million local people. The vast area of the rainforest plays an important role in the worlds ecosystem because it absorbs heat instead of reflecting heat back into the atmosphere. It also stores carbon dioxide and produces oxygen, ensuring that less carbon dioxide is released, r
16、educing the effects of climate change.“Any forest destroyed is a danger to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity，” Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. “The great danger is that a lot of carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere，” he stresse
17、d. “In the midst of the global climate crisis, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon rainforest must be protected，” UN Secretary General Antnio Guterres said.Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) show that the number of forest fire
18、s in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August a year ago. A total of 71,497 forest fires were registered in the country in the first eight months of 2019, up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018, INPE said. “We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest
19、have decreased by between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months，” Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose degradation (恶化)could have severe consequences for global climat
20、e and rainfall. The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined, but the emergency has gone beyond Brazils borders.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。科学家和环保组织担心席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，危及生物多样性。而在2019年，位于巴西的部分亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。5What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A AThe great role of the Amazon rainforest.B
21、The effects of consistent climate change.CThe causes of the decreasing biodiversity.DThe results of the Amazon rainforest fires.解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“As the largest rainforest in the world，the Amazon rainforest is often calledthe lungs of the worldIt is also home to about three million species of plants
22、and animals，and one million local people.The vast area of the rainforest plays an important role in the worlds ecosystem”可以判断，第二段主要讲述的是亚马逊雨林的重要作用。故A项正确。6Why does the author mention the figures in the fourth paragraph？ D A. To explain the process of the research.BTo present the bad influence of fores
23、t fires.CTo prove the great importance of the rainforest.DTo show the urgency of protecting the rainforest.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的数据可知，亚马逊雨林地区森林火灾数量激增，而森林面积则在减少，故D项“为了说明保护亚马逊雨林的迫切性”。正确。7What does the author want to tell us in the passage？ C AThe dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.BThe biodiversity ma
24、kes the rainforest unique.CThe rainforest fires result in serious consequences.DThe global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.解析：写作意图题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是对最后一段“Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest.beyond Brazils borders.”的理解可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了告诉大家亚马逊雨林火灾造成了严重的后果。故选C。8Which section
25、of a magazine might this passage probably be taken from？ B AClimate and life.BNature and geography.CHumankind and society.DScience and technology.解析：文章出处题。本文主要介绍了席卷亚马逊雨林地区的火灾可能会对全球气候和生物多样性造成伤害，引发严重的环境危机。据此可以判断，这样的文章一般会出现在杂志的“自然与地理”栏目。所以B项正确。.阅读七选五(2020广州市一模)Tropical CyclonesHave you ever seen a TV w
26、eatherperson pointing to a large,white spiral of storm clouds spinning over the Earth on the videoscreen? If so, then youve gotten a small look at what the most powerful storm in the world looks likea tropical cyclone (热带气旋) 1.F The warm air at the equator (赤道) rises into the atmosphere, cools off,
27、and then sinks back down. As this cycle repeats itself over and over again, the storm begins to grow and the winds around the storm begin to move faster. Depending on where a tropical cyclone is in the world, it is called either a hurricane, a typhoon, or a cyclone. If tropical cyclones move over th
28、e northwestern Pacific Ocean, theyre called typhoons. 2.G In the South Pacific or the Indian Ocean, theyre called cyclones. The center of a tropical cyclone is called the “eye ”. 3.D Most of the strong winds do not reach the eye of the storm, so it is the calmest part. 4.B A tropical cyclone that is
29、 rated a Category 1 is the weakest; it is still dangerous, but the winds are not as high. A Category 5 tropical cyclone is the strongest; this type of storm can cause catastrophic damage.Once these tropical cyclones come onto land, they no longer have the warm ocean water they need to grow larger an
30、d consequently become weaker. This doesnt stop them from causing a lot of damage before they go away. 5.A AThey still may produce strong rain and even tornadoes. BTropical cyclones are categorised based on their strength. CThey withdraw as quickly as they arrive and leave the land untouched.DThe res
31、t of the storm moves in a circle around the eye at incredibly high speed.E. Tropical storms with wind speeds that reach 74 miles per hour are called hurricanes.F. Tropical cyclones start as tropical storms that form in warm ocean waters near the equator.G. Such storms moving over the northeastern Pa
32、cific or the Atlantic Ocean are termed hurricanes.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了热带气旋的形成、名称、级别等相关内容。1根据空后内容可知，本段介绍热带气旋是如何形成的，且F项中的“near the equator”与空后一句中的“The warm air at the equator (赤道)”形成呼应。所以选F项。 2根据段首句可知，本段主要介绍产生于不同地区的热带气旋有不同的名称，又结合空前一句中的“theyre called typhoons”和空后一句中的“theyre called cyclones”可知，空处应是介绍在什么地
33、区产生的热带气旋称作飓风。所以选G项。 3根据语境可知，D项中的“around the eye”与空前一句“The center of a tropical cyclone is called theeye”呼应，此处应是介绍风眼周围的状况。所以选D项。4本空是段首句。根据本段的关键词“Category”可推知，本段主要介绍热带气旋的级别。故B项符合题意。5根据空前一句“This doesnt stop them from causing a lot of damage before they go away”可知，已经减弱的热带气旋仍然会有很大的破坏性，空处应是进一步介绍热气旋带来的影响。故
34、A项“它们仍然可能产生强降雨甚至龙卷风。”符合语境。.语法填空(2021四川省成都七中段测)Ecotourism is a new term in todays tourism industry. It is 1.typically (typical) considered as an ecologically sustainable tourism with a primary focus on visiting fragile and relatively 2.undisturbed (disturb) natural areas, especially the ones where sp
35、ecial and unusual plants, animals and cultural heritages are the main attractions. 3.It takes ecology and culture into consideration. Therefore, programs 4.concerning (concern) the protection of some natural and cultural spots also form a part of ecotourism.Ecotourism is developing at an 5.increasin
36、g (increase) speed. According to a recent report by the World Tourism Organization, ecotourism in recent years has enjoyed 6.an annual growth of about 5% worldwide. So far, more than 80 activities 7.have been listed (list) for ecotourism and they include bird watching, hiking, diving, photography an
37、d taking part in 8.varieties (vary) of local cultural events.Big cities are still the major places 9.that/which attract tourists in our society today.However, it seems some smaller towns and country areas may well become the new destinations for people 10.to visit (visit) tomorrow because they are r
38、ich in ecological, cultural and historical resources.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了最近很流行的一种新型旅游方式：生态旅游。具体说明了这种旅游的特点及发展情况。1考查副词。在英语中副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，形容词通常作定语(修饰名词)或作表语。本句中使用副词充当状语修饰谓语动词。所以要填typically。2考查形容词。句意：生态旅游通常被认为是一种从生态学来看可以持续的旅游业，主要关注参观脆弱的和相对未被打扰的自然地区。形容词undisturbed意为“未被打扰的”与natural一致。所以要填undisturbe
39、d。3考查代词。句意：它考虑到生态和文化。句中代词it指代上文出现的同一名词ecotourism，故本句中要填It。4考查介词。因此，关于保护自然和文化地点的项目也形成了生态旅游的一部分。介词concerning意为“关于”，句中介词短语concerning the protection of some natural and cultural spots充当定语修饰名词programs。所以要填介词concerning。5考查形容词。句意：生态旅游正以越来越快的速度发展。句中increasing意为“不断增加的，越来越的”，充当定语修饰名词speed。所以本句中要填increasing。6考
40、查冠词。句意：根据世界旅游协会，最近几年生态旅游每年增加了百分之五。句中不定冠词an修饰名词短语 annual growth表示泛指，而定冠词the表示特指。所以要填an。7考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，超过80项活动被列在了生态旅游业的名单里。本句主语more than 80 activities与动词list构成被动关系，时间状语so far通常要和现在完成时连用。所以本句要填现在完成时的被动语态形式have been listed。8考查名词短语。句意：它们包括观鸟、远足、跳水和摄影以及参加各种各样的地方文化活动。名词短语varieties of“各种各样的”，在句中充当定语修饰名词短
41、语local cultural events。所以要填varieties。9考查定语从句。句意：在当今社会大城市仍然是吸引游客的主要地方。定语从句的先行词是places，关系代词that/which指代先行词，引导定语从句并在句中充当主语。所以要填that/which。10考查不定式复合结构。句意：乡村地区也许会成为未来人们参观的新的目的地。不定式的复合结构“for sb to do sth”是为了说明不定式动作的发出者，在此作后置定语修饰the new destinations。所以本句中要填to visit。.短文改错My classmates and I take part in a w
42、ildness survival program from July 10th to July 13th this summer.Before we started, we given a compass, a map, a first-aid kit, tents, food, any clothes and so on.On the way we climbed three more hills and swam across two rivers.We lost our way in the forest.Lucky we found the right direction with a
43、 compass.As soon as they arrived at the campsite, we put up our tents, made a fire and then started cooking.We also learned what to give first-aid.Through the program, we learned to use knowledge gaining in class to solve problem.It was quite an unforgettable experience for me.答案：My classmates and I
44、 part in a wildness survival program from July 10th to July 13th this summer.Before we started, we given a compass, a map, a first-aid kit, tents, food, clothes and so on.On the way we climbed three more hills and swam across two rivers.We lost our way in the forest. we found the right direction wit
45、h compass.As soon as arrived at the campsite, we put up our tents, made a fire and then started cooking.We also learned to give first-aid.Through the program, we learned to use knowledge in class to solve .It was quite an unforgettable experience for me.解析：1考查动词的时态。根据语境应用一般过去时。故taketook。2考查动词的语态。句子的
46、主语we是give的动作承受者，应用被动语态。故we后加were。3考查代词。some“一些”，用在肯定句中；any“一些”，用在否定句和疑问句中。故anysome。4考查代词。根据上下文只有三座小山，应去掉more。故hills前的more去掉。5考查副词。根据下文可知此处应用副词作状语。故LuckyLuckily。6考查冠词。根据前文提到compass应用定冠词the修饰。故athe。7考查代词。根据主句的主语we判断。故theywe。8考查疑问词与不定式连用。根据give后有宾语“first aid”，不定式中缺少方式状语。故whathow。9考查非谓语动词。根据knowledge是gain的动作承受者，应用过去分词修饰。故gaininggained。10考查名词。根据problem前没有限定词，单数可数名词不能单独使用。故problemproblems。
