1、第11讲特殊句式(倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句和it句型)考点归纳1:完全倒装的情况1.以then,here,there,out,in,up,down,away,off等副词开头的句子,且句子主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。若主语为代词,则不用倒装;2.地点状语放句首谓语主语;3.There be/lie/exist/stand/live/appear/remain主语(there be 句型);4.表语系动词主语。倒装句考点归纳2:部分倒装的情况1.含有否定意义的词和短语(如:never,hardly,seldom,little,few,not until,not,not only,no soo
2、ner,no longer,nowhere,by no means,at no time,neither,nor,under no circumstances,in no way等)放在句首时,其后用部分倒装;2.only状语(如:副词/介词短语)或状语从句放在句首时,其后用部分倒装;3.so/suchthat结构中,将so/such 置于句首时,主句用部分倒装。4.so放在句首表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物时,用“sobe 或助动词或情态动词主语”的倒装句式。要注意如果一个并列句中含有两个性质不同的谓语,另一个省略的倒装结构要用“so it is/was with sb./sth.
3、”或“it is/was the same with sb./sth.”来表示。5.当虚拟条件句含有had,should,were时,可省略if,将had,should,were 放在句首而构成倒装,具体结构如下:(1)动词原形as/though主语might/may主句。(2)副词as/though主语谓语动词主句。考点归纳3:其他形式的倒装1.as引导的让步状语从句中,可将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面而构成倒装。若提前的表语是名词,一般不用冠词。2.当such用作表语时,通常采用倒装语序。3.有时为了强调而将谓语部分的分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装。考点归纳1:反意疑问句的陈述部分
4、含有由un,im,in,dis,等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。Your father is unhappy,isnt he?(不能用is he?)反意疑问句考点归纳2:否定陈述句简略肯定问句这种反意疑问句,在进行回答时,一定要注意答语前后要一致,尤其注意汉语的翻译。He didnt come to the party last night,did he?Yes,he did.(汉语:不,他昨晚来参加晚会了。相当于 Yes,he came to the party last night.)No,he didnt.(汉语:是的,他昨晚没有来参加晚会。相当
5、于No,he didnt come to the party last night.)考点归纳3:陈述部分用must(may,might)havev.ed表示推测时,若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用过去时形式。陈述部分用must(may,might)havev.ed表示推测时,若句中没有过去时间状语,问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday,didnt he?(不用mightnt he?/hasnt he?)考点归纳1:在when,while,if,as if,though(
6、或although),as,until,once,whether,unless,where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。省略句考点归纳2:代替性省略Im afraid,I hope,Im sure后跟否定的宾语从句时,只有一种形式,即Im afraid not,I hope not,Im sure not.而I expect/imagine/suppose/think 的否定式有两种,即I expect/imagine/suppose/think not 或I dont expect/imagine/suppose/think so。考点归纳3:当省略不定式的内容时
7、,则须保留to。考点归纳1:it指代时间时,有如下一些句型:(1)It is(about/high)time for sth.(for sb.)to do sth.that从句(should do/did,必须用虚拟语气)(2)It is/has been some time since从句(从句用一般过去时)(注意从句中延续性动词意义为否定。)it句型考点归纳1:it指代时间时,有如下一些句型:(3)It/This is the first/secondtimethat从句(必须使用现在完成时)(这是某人第次做了某事)(4)It was 时间点when从句(5)It was/will be
8、some timebefore从句it句型考点归纳2:it 作形式主语代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正主语;由于在翻译时,汉语习惯上会加上“这、那”之意,所以常见的干扰项就是this 和that。1.Its adj./n.for sb.to do sth.常见形容词:easy,difficult,convenient,possible 等。2.Its adj.of sb.to do sth.常见形容词:kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,honest,wise,foolish,polite,clever,right,unwise,stupid,thoughtful
9、,rude,silly,impolite等表示某人的品行的词语。3.It is no use/no good/useless/senseless doing sth.4.It is adj./n.that从句5.It is v.ed that从句常 见 过 去 分 词:said,reported,known,expected,thought,believed,considered,suggested等。注意:当过去分词表示命令、建议、坚持、忠告等意义的词时,从句要用虚拟语气(should)do。6.It doesnt matter/makes no difference特殊疑问词/whethe
10、r引导的从句7.It seems/appearsthat从句:似乎/好像8.It happensthat从句:碰巧,恰巧考点归纳3:it作形式宾语1.主 语 think/consider/find/feel/believe/regard/make itadj./n.(for sb.)to do.2.主语believe/imagine/think/consider/find/feel/make/regard/it adj./n.that从句3.主语think/consider/find/feel it no good/use doing sth.4.主语hate/dislike/love/lik
11、e it when从句(表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶)5.主语appreciate it if从句6.主语see to/answer for itthat从句:确保主语depend on it that从句:指望,确信4、5、6为特殊句型:用it 代替其后的整个句子,it等于整个句子,但不能省略。考点归纳4:it在强调句型中的运用1.如果被强调的部分是人,可用that 或who,其他情况一律用that。2.强调句的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it 被强调部分 that 句子的其余部分。强调句的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词 is/was it that 句子的其余部分。3.特殊疑问词的强调句型在从
12、句中的使用。如:Can you tell me what_it_is_that makes this book so popular?例1:(2011福建卷)Its nice.Never before_ such a special drink!Im glad you like it.A.I have had B.I had C.have I had D.had I【解析】C 否定词never放在句首句子用部分倒装。例2:(2011陕西卷)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_benefits our
13、 work most.A.who B.which C.that D.what【解析】C考查强调句型。所填词与it is构成强调句型,被强调部分是not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do,指物,用that,选C。例 3:(2011四 川 卷)Was it on a lonely island_he was saved one month after the boat went down?A.where B.that C.which D.what【解析】B考查强调句。此处为强调句的一般疑问句。强调句的一般疑问句构成是:i
14、s/was it 被强调部分that其他部分。故选B项。句意:他是不是在船沉没一个月后在那座孤岛上被救起的?例4:(2010江西卷)Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A.did he begin B.had he begun C.he began D.he had begun【解析】Anot until放在句首要用部分倒装,可还原为正常语序:He didnt begin to know how important the family was for him until he left his home.例5:(2010全国卷)The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.A.this B.that C.one D.it【解析】Dit的两个重要用法是作形式主语和形式宾语。本题中it在宾语从句中作形式主语,it在这里代指后面的真正主语to have a holiday。【小结】特殊句式是必须掌握的难点知识:倒装句主要考查全部倒装和部分倒装的使用情况。反意疑问句在高考中考查的比较少。省略主要考查从句中某些引导词或某些句子成分的省略。it句型考查it作形式主语、形式宾语以及它在强调句中的运用。