1、Section Grammar 被动语态和动词不定式的被动式语法图解探究发现用所给词的适当形式填空1Larry persuaded his wife that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her (harm)2Claire thought it was ridiculous (offer)sympathy by a robot.3How awful(it is)(discover)by her.4By that time,Tony expected the house completely _(transform)to be harmedto be
2、offeredto be discoveredto betransformed我的发现以上各句皆用了不定式的一般式的被动语态。不定式一般式的被动语态的基本结构为：。to be done一、被动语态的基本构成一般时进行时完成时现在am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehas/have been done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来shall/will be doneshall/will have been doneIm asked to clean my room once a week.我被要求
3、每周打扫一次房间。English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.广播上正在播英语课程。It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。The work will have been finished by the end of next month.到下个月底前这项工作将会完成。即时演练 1 单句语法填空He (envy)by many men,because he has a big house,a car and a happy family
4、.The tourists(accompany)by a guide when they travelled in Beijing.Hi,Li Ping.Can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry.It (repair).We wont start the work until all the preparations _(make)is enviedwere accompaniedis being repairedhavebeen made二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1否定词 not 的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之
5、后。He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctors degree.听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。2复合结构的被动语态主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。注意：在主动句中，make,hear,see 等词后接不定式时要省略 to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略 to。You dont have to make Peter work hard.Peter doesnt have to be made to wo
6、rk hard.你没有必要逼迫彼得努力学习。3双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的直接宾语变为主语，用 for 或 to 引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语。My father is telling me an interesting story now.An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.Im being told an interesting story by my father now.现在，爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。4短语动词在主
7、动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。The old man was often laughed at.那位老人经常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介词 at)即时演练 2 句型转换(把下列句子变为被动语态)My father gave me a nice present on my birthday.A nice present by my father on my birthday.He made Tom stand outside of the gate for half an hour.Tom by him outside of the gate for half
8、an hour.My uncle took good care of me when I was young.I by my uncle when I was young.was given to mewas made to standwas taken good care of三、动词不定式的被动式和用法当动词不定式动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，不定式要用被动语态。不定式的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。其构成形式和意义如下：构成意义一般式to be done表示在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作完成式to have been done表示发生在谓语动词之前的
9、被动动作To be given such a good opportunity made me a little surprised.(主语)被给了这么好的机会，我有点惊讶。The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.(宾语)那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。He got to the station only to be told that the train had left.(状语)他到达车站后被告知那列火车已经走了。The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.(定语
10、)下一步要做的事是把土运走。No harm seems to have been done to them.(表语)对他们似乎并没有造成损害。即时演练 3 单句语法填空His father left the small village,never (see)again.We all thought it a great honour _(invite)to attend the opening ceremony.He asked (send)to Tibet to help the local people.to be seento have been invited to be sent四、
11、主动形式表示被动意义1主动语态表被动意义的几种情况(1)英语中有很多动词，如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,wear,open,sell,read,write,wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义。此时，主语通常是物，且常常和 easily,well 等副词连用。His books sell well,so they are sold out soon.他的书很畅销，因此很快就卖光了。The machine runs well.这台机器运转良好。(2)表示感受、感官的系动词如 feel,sound,taste,look 等
12、，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构时，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。2动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的常见情况(1)不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间构成动宾关系，且句中出现了动作的逻辑主语时。The villager will show you the secret path to take.这位村民将告诉你要走的秘密小道。We still have many poor children to take care of.我们仍有许多贫困儿童要去照管。(2)如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现，则用不定式的被动
13、式。Ill go to the post office.Do you have anything to be posted?我要去邮局。你有东西要邮寄吗？(此句中的不定式 to be posted 的执行者不是句子的主语 you 而是 I)(3)在“主语(人/物)be形容词不定式”句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词常见的有：amusing,comfortable,dangerous,difficult,easy,good,fit,hard,important,impossible,interesting,nic
14、e,pleasant,funny 等。These apples are good to eat.这些苹果很好吃。The book is too expensive for me to buy.这本书太贵，我买不起。(4)某些动词(如 blame,let 等)的不定式用在 be 后作表语时，用主动形式表被动意义。The house is to let.此房出租。Who is to blame for starting the fire?谁应为引起这场火灾负责？(5)在 need,want,require,bear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The
15、 house needs repairing/to be repaired.这座房子需要修理。即时演练 4 单句语法填空The old man found the computer was hard _(operate)We have four reading passages (complete)in the coming holiday.This cheese (not,cut)easily.Its too soft.The girl is easy (get)along with.These small trees need (take)good care of.to operate t
16、o completedoesnt cutto gettaking/to be taken链接高考单句语法填空1(2019全国卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we _(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm.2(2019江苏高考改编)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals (install)by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.3(2017全国卷)When fat and salt (
17、remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.were invitedwill have been installedare removed4(2017北京高考改编)In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones_(not,invent)yet.5(2017北京高考改编)If the new safety system _ _(put)to use,the accident would neve
18、r have happened.6(2017天津高考改编)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.haventbeen invented had beenputis regarded7(2017江苏高考改编)He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he(follow)8(2016北京高考改编)The students have been working hard on
19、their lessons and their efforts (reward)with success in the end.9(2015安徽高考改编)It is reported that a space station _(build)on the moon in years to come.10(2015天津高考改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides.was being followedwill be rewardedwillbe builthas been
20、reached演练提能.单句语法填空1The next thing (do)is to clean the classroom.2I find the problem is very difficult (solve)3The billionaire is reported in the local newspaper _(rob)last week.4Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the students,but it remains (see)whether they will enjoy it.to be doneto solvet
21、o havebeen robbedto be seen5The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle (hear)6You cant use the machine today because some parts _ (replace)this week.7Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of books (donate)to the rural schools last week.8To make way for the
22、wide street,these houses need _(pull)down.9What about your new clothes?They are a little expensive but the cloth (wash)well.to be heardarebeing replacedwas donatedpulling/to be pulledwashes.完成句子1(2019全国卷书面表达)I want to inform you that _ (将举行一场排球比赛)next week.2(2017北京高考书面表达)Of the two trips to the Yang
23、tze River and Mount Tai,(两者都被极力推荐)3(2017北京高考书面表达)Several days later,_(当 视 频 被 播 放 时)on the graduation ceremony,it was well received.volleyball game will be heldaboth are highly recommendedwhen the videowas played4(2016全国卷满分作文)To begin with,the pictures you take (应该与有联系)the theme of the exhibition wh
24、ich is environmental protection.5Would you please keep quiet?An important notice _(正在播放)and I want to listen.should be connected withisbeing broadcast.短文改错My parents tend to making almost all decisions for me.They chose schools and subjects for me.Sometimes even the daily timetables have to be decid
25、e by them.In my opinion,deciding everything for children do not help them but harm them in many ways.Firstly,it will make children lack independence,in which is unfavorable to their development in the long run.Secondly,in many cases parents decisions go against childrens personally ideas and interes
26、ts,which will naturally influence our growth.I do believe to grow to be independent is the natural way for everybody.Parents should give us chances to make our own decision.They may help us make choices instead replacing us to make choices.答案：第一句：makingmake第二句：chosechoose第三句：decidedecided第四句：dodoes第五句：去掉第一个 in第六句：personallypersonal;ourtheir第七句：thea第八句：decisiondecisions第九句：instead 后加 of谢谢 观 看
