1、专题11交通与旅游【美文阅读1】My First Ride to Malaysia by TrainThere were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole f
2、amilies stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the
3、 long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru (柔佛巴鲁马来西亚城市）was just another cit
4、y like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive, I decided to wave back.From then on my jou
5、rney became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.The day passed fast and I even
6、forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug. I
7、had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.I looked forward to the return journey.第一次坐火车去马来西亚一路行来，到处可见微笑的孩子们。他们清楚地知道火车经过他们家门的时间，那个时候就会站在铁路边向那些素昧平生的驶向槟榔屿的旅客们挥手欢呼。他们还常常会全家出动，站在门外挥手、微笑，好像火车上是他们最爱的亲人。这就是马来
8、西亚淳朴的村民，我为之感动。之前我总是乘飞机或开车去马来西亚，这是我第一次坐火车。我特别不喜欢长途火车旅行，于是带上了一堆读过的、没读过的杂志，来消磨时光。我四下环顾，车厢里没有一张熟悉的面孔。我叹了口气，坐下来继续读那本经济学。不久之后，火车穿越新柔长堤，进入了马来西亚半岛。柔佛巴鲁是一个像新加坡一样的城市，车外人群熙熙攘攘，我丝毫提不起兴趣。穿过这座城市之后，一排排橡胶树、绵延数里的绿地映入了我的眼帘。随后我看到了第一个村庄，这时我立刻来了精神，我决定也向他们挥手致意。从那时起，我的旅程就开始变得有趣了。我把那些杂志扔进垃圾桶，决定融入马来西亚的生活。从此一切都开始充满了生机。青山好像在和
9、我说话，树木也好像在向我微笑。我新奇地看着车外的一切，就好像是第一次看到它们一样。时间过得很快，直到感觉到饥肠辘辘的时候，我才想起还没有吃午饭。我看了看手表，吃惊地发现已经是下午3点了。不久火车在巴特沃思停了下来。我看着周围的人们。他们看起来是那样美丽。当叔叔面带微笑出现在我面前时，我抱住他，给了他一个大大的拥抱。以前我可从没有这样做过。他似乎有些吃惊，不过很快在他饱经风霜的脸上就浮现出了温暖而开心的笑容。我们挽着手臂朝他的车走去。我已经开始期待回程之旅了。重点单词:1. Penang pn n. 槟榔屿（位于马来西亚）2. relish rel vt. 喜爱3. the Causewaykz
10、we 新柔长堤（沟通新加坡和马来半岛的纽带）4. Butterworth 巴特沃斯 （马来西亚地名）5. weather-beaten we,bi:tn adj. 饱经风霜的 重点短语 / 亮点句式：1. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives.他们还常常会全家出动，站在门外挥手、微笑，好像火车上是他们最爱的亲人。as if 意为好像，引导方式状语从句，从句的谓语动词可以用真实语气也可以用
11、虚拟语气。如：The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up. 那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。The boss speaks aloud as if he is angry.老板说话声音很高，好像他真的生气了。2. It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia.不久之后，火车穿越新柔长堤，进入了马来西亚半岛。It is/was not long before . 意为很快，不久之后。如：It wont be long before he r
12、eturns to the court.过不了多久，他就会返回球场。It was not long before they got married。不久以后，他们就结婚了。3. be tired of 厌烦。如：You may be tired of working for someone else. 你可能厌倦了为别人工作。4. join in加入；参加。如：My parents join me in wishing you a happy future.我和我父母都祝你未来幸福。Soon the whole crowd joined in to sing the song.很快整个人群都加
13、入进来唱这支歌。5. look forward to 盼望，期待。这个词组中的to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。如：I look forward to your guidance.我期待获得您的指导。We look forward to hearing from you soon.我们盼望着不久能收到您的回信。【美文阅读2】 The biggest cruise ship in the world导读：关于世界之最你肯定知道不少，但你了解世界上最大的游轮吗？现在一起去游览一下吧。The Oasis of the Seas is the worlds largest cruise
14、ship. It can carry up to 6,200 passengers, who are served by over 2000 crew members. The vessel is 40% bigger than any other cruise ship in the world, has a weight of 225,000 tons and is five times the size of the Titanic. It has a total of 15 decks and is as high as a twenty-storey building.The shi
15、p was built in Finland and is owned by Royal Caribbean International. Its maiden voyage was scheduled for early December 2009. The ship was stationed in Fort Lauderdale Florida, from where it went on week-long cruises of the Caribbean Sea.The Oasis of the Seas has virtually everything a tourist can
16、dream of. Biggest attraction is a giant open-air theatre for 750 passengers that is a swimming pool by day and an entertainment arena at night. Passengers can wander through a park full of real trees and exotic plants, eat and drink in 24 restaurants or travel up and down between decks in a movable
17、bar. There is something for everyone: a small golf course, a basketball court, an ice rink and two rock-climbing walls. Mothers can leave small children in nurseries while they go shopping in the ships boutiques.The best and latest technology makes the Oasis of the Seas one of the most modern ships
18、on the seas. But, the captain says, its very easy to manoeuvre because everything is automated and runs with computers.The owners hope that the Oasis of the Seas will earn them a lot of money. The vessel cost over 1.5 billion dollars to build and with a starting price of about 1,700 Euros for a nine
19、 day cruise it is not exactly cheap. But spending a holiday on the worlds biggest ship should be worth something.世界上最大的游轮海洋绿洲号是世界上最大的游轮。它最多可搭载6 200名乘客。由2000多名机组人员为这些游客服务。该船大于世界上任何其他游轮的40，重达225,000吨，是泰坦尼克号的5倍大。它共拥有15层甲板，高达二十层高的大楼。该船在芬兰建造，属于皇家加勒比国际游轮。它于2009年12月初进行了首航。 该船驻扎在佛罗里达州劳德代尔堡，从那里继续为期一周的加勒比海巡航。
20、 海洋绿洲号上几乎有游客所梦想的一切。它的最大的吸引处是一个可以容纳750乘客的巨大的露天剧场。在白天它是一个游泳池，而在夜间它是娱乐竞技场。乘客可以漫步在充满了真正的树和异国情调的植物的公园中，吃喝在24家餐馆中或旅行在甲板之间一个可移动的酒吧中。船上有为每人提供的小型的高尔夫球场、篮球场、溜冰场和两堵攀岩墙。母亲可以把孩子留在托儿所，而他们却去船上的精品店去购物。最好的和最新的技术使海洋绿洲号成为海洋上最现代化的船舶之一。 但是，船长说，它非常容易操纵，因为一切都是自动化的，在计算机上运行。该船的所有者希望海洋绿洲号赚很多钱。超过150亿美元建造的船舶成本，起拍价约1700欧元，一个9天的
21、巡航，它并不便宜。但是，在世界上最大的船上度过假期，应该是值得的。【重点单词】1. arena rin n. 舞台；竞技场2. exotic gztk; eg- adj. 异国的；外来的3. boutique butik n. 精品店；专卖流行衣服的小商店4. manoeuvre mnuv v. 操纵【重点短语 / 亮点句式】1. up to 多达；直到。如：The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。Her clothes are always right up to the minute. 她的衣服总是式样最新的。2.
22、 The vessel is 40% bigger than any other cruise ship in the world, has a weight of 225 000 tons and is five times the size of the Titanic. 该船大于世界上任何其他游轮的40，重达225 000吨，是泰坦尼克号的5倍大。该句子中bigger than any other为比较级结构表示最高级含义；形容词或副词的比较级than + any (other) + 单数可数名词 / any of the other+复数名词 / the others / any of
23、 the others.”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“甲最”。five times the size of为倍数的表达法。如：The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江是中国最长的河流。3. maiden voyage 初航；首航。如：In 1912, the Titanic sank on her maiden voyage. 1912年，“泰坦尼克”号在处女航中
24、失事沉没。【练习】1. How are your recent trip to Sichuan? Ive never had _ one before.A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant2. Whats the most attractive part of The Oasis of the Seas?【答案】1. B 句意：“最近你到四川的旅行怎么样？从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与a more pleasant连用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高级。2. It is a gia
25、nt open-air theatre for 750 passengers that is a swimming pool by day and an entertainment arena at night. “交通与旅游”话题包括国内外旅游、交通规则、指路与问路、咨询与预订食宿、行程描述等方面。这些话题与学生的日常生活关系密切。世界上的交通方式多种多样雪橇、马车、自行车、汽车、轮船等等。轮子的发明和使用使人们的出行速度发生了翻天覆地的变化，轮子也是社会进步的推进者。远在天南地北、千里之外的新鲜果品，快速运到各地供人们尝鲜；上学、上班、旅游、物资运输、传递信息，可以风雨无阻，这些都是公共交
26、通带给我们的好处，它既方便了人们的出行，又对减轻环境污染有重要的意义。高考英语通过这些话题让学生了解旅游的相关知识，培养学生热爱生活的健康情操。“交通与旅游”这个话题常与阅读理解、完形填空、七选五、语法填空等相结合进行考查，分值所占比重较高。例如，写作可以才能够如下角度来命题：(1)酒店、景点、票务等的订购及费用；(2)太空旅游、生态旅游；(3)私家车激增的利与弊；(4)度假方式的变化及其原因；(5)旅游计划的拟订、准备及注意事项；(6)交通安全；(7)交通方式的变化及其对人们生活的影响；(8)问路与指路；(9)国外旅游注意事项、护照、签证的申办及其费用；(10)描述旅游经历。20182020
27、的高考试题均涵盖有这一话题，其他年份的高考试题中，2017年北京卷书面表达，2017年浙江卷短文改错，2016年全国卷阅读理解D篇；2016全国卷语法填空；2015年新课标卷I语法填空，2015年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇，2015年江苏卷阅读理解A篇，2014年新课标全国卷完形填空；2014年江西卷阅读理解B篇，2014年安徽卷完形填空；2010四川卷完形填空等。【话题词汇】 1.aboard prep.在(船、飞机、火车、汽车等)上2.abroad adv.在/到国外3.accelerate vt.& vi.(使)加速，加快4.accommodation n.膳宿5.adventure n.
28、冒险；奇遇6.aeroplane n.(英)飞机7.agent n.代理人，经纪人8.aircraft n.飞机(单复数同形)9.airliner n.班机10.airport n.机场11.alternative n.选择；adj.可供选择的12.amazing adj.惊人的13.attract vt.吸引；引起14.attractive adj.迷人的，有吸引力的15.baggage/luggage n.行李16.board n.木板；布告牌；委员会；vt.上(船、火车、飞机等)17.book vt.预订；预约18.brake n.闸；vt.& vi.刹车19.cab n.(美)出租车2
29、0.carriage n.四轮马车；(火车)客车厢21.castle n.城堡22.canal n.运河23.crowded adj.拥挤的24.delay vi.& n.拖延，延误，延迟，延期；耽搁25.destination n.目的地，终点26.disadvantage n.不利条件；弱点27.fantastic adj.(口语)极好的，美妙的，很棒的28.ferry n.渡船29.flight n.航班30.fountain n.喷泉31.guidance n.引导，指导32.guide n.向导，导游33.helicopter n.直升飞机34.impressive adj.给人印象
30、深刻的；令人钦佩的35.insurance n.保险36.journey n.旅行；路程37.land vi.着陆，登岸(陆)；降落38.lorry n.(英)运货汽车，卡车39.monument n.纪念碑，纪念物40.museum n.博物馆，博物院41.obey v.遵守42.outing n.郊游，远足43.pack n.包，捆；vt.打包，包装44.palace n.宫，宫殿45.passenger n.乘客，旅客46.passport n.护照47.passerby n.过客，过路人48.pedestrian n.步行者，行人49.pilot n.飞行员50.platform n.
31、站台51.port/harbor n.港口，码头52.pyramid n.金字塔53.queue n.行列，长队54.reception n.接待55.reserve vt.预订；保留56.route n.路线；路程57.satisfy vt.满足；使满意58.scene n.风景；景色59.scenery n.风景，景色，风光60.secure adj.安全的；有把握的，牢靠的61.sight n.情景，风景；视力62.sightseeing n.游览，观光63.sign n.符号，标记65.site n.地点；遗址66.spot n.地点；场所；vt.认出；发现67.steward n.(
32、火车、飞机、轮船等)男服务员；男乘务员68.subway n.地铁69.suitcase n.(旅行用)小提箱，衣箱；行李箱70.temple n.庙宇，寺院71.terminal n.终点站72.tip n.& vi.(给)小费73.tour n.参观，观光，旅行74.tourism n.旅游业；观光75.tourist n.旅行者，观光者76.traveller n.旅行者77.trip n.(短途)旅行，旅程78.truck n.卡车，运货车79.underground n.地铁；adj.地下的80.vehicle n.机动车81.visa n.签证82.voyage n.航行；旅行1.
33、a dream trip梦想之旅2.a place of interest名胜3.a summer resort避暑胜地4.a mustsee place必游之地5.appeal to对有吸引力7.be aimed at针对；旨在8.be struck by被迷住9.be/get stuck in被困在10.beyond description难以形容11.book a single/double room预定一个单人/双人房间12.cancel the flight取消航班13.check in登记入住14.check out结账离开15.catch ones eye吸引某人的眼球16.co
34、ntribute to引起；导致17.doubledecker train双层火车18.driving license/permit驾照19.express train特快列车20.economic class经济舱21.go aboard上船、飞机、火车、汽车等22.have a good time/have fun玩得很开心23.highspeed rail高铁24.hold up耽搁，推迟25.nonstop flight直达航班26.passenger plane客机27.put up投宿28.railway station火车站29.sailing boat帆船30.selfdriv
35、ing travel自驾游32.travel agency旅行社33.travel brochure旅行指南1.As is known to us allAs is known to us all，Mount Huashan is famous for its breathtaking cliffs and its unique characteristics.正如大家所知道的，华山以它险峻的悬崖和它独一无二的特征而出名。2.on/upon名词或动名词On arriving at the top of the hill，we were deeply attracted by the beaut
36、iful scenery.一到达山顶，我们就深深地被这里美丽的风景所吸引。3.the moment引导时间状语从句The moment we arrived，we were given a warm welcome by the local people.我们一到达就受到了当地人的热烈欢迎。【写作必备】1.旅游与探险(tourism and adventure)(1)相关名词：travel, journey, trip, tour, travel agency (旅行社), guide, airlines/airways, flight ticket, passport, visa, iden
37、tity (ID) card (身份证), tent, camp, hotel, tourist attraction(旅游景点）, places of interest, scenic spots (景点), national park, DIY tour(自助游), space tourism(太空旅游), group/organized tour(团体游), a self-driven trip(自驾游)(2)相关动词短语：go on a wildlife tour/a hiking trip参加野生动物之旅/去远足；be on holiday/a visit 度假/旅行；see sb
38、off 送行explore a forest/ a desert/ another planet 森林/沙漠探险；外星球探险(3)相关形容词：interesting, exciting, attractive, fantastic, boring/dull, tiring, comfortable, funny, well-organized2.交通方式(methods of transportation) (1)walk/ on foot 走路，步行(2)ride a bike/by bike 骑自行车(3)drive a car/by car 开小轿车(4)take a bus/by bu
39、s 乘公共汽车(5)take a taxi/by taxi乘出租车，打的(6)by boat/ship/water/sea 坐船/走水路(7)transfer(在旅途中)转乘、换乘3.指路(showing the way)(1)Its about five minutes walk. (2)Take bus No. 2 and get off at the next stop.坐2路车，在下一站下车。(3)Turn right at the second turning. / Take the second turning on the right. (4)Go / Walk down /al
40、ong the road and turn right. Youll see the post office.4.交通安全(safety rules and warnings)(1)safety first安全第一 (2)traffic light交通灯，红绿灯(3)traffic rules/ regulations交通规则 (4)keep left/ right靠左/靠右(5)crossroad/crossing十字路(6)wait until the green light 等到绿灯再走(7)traffic jam交通堵塞(8)traffic accident交通事故 I阅读理解阅读下面
41、短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A My mother always said, You young men should explore your own country before stepping out into the world. It seemed like a tough task. But luckily for me, Via Rail Canada offered youths between the ages of 18 and 25 the chance to ride the train across Canada for the mon
42、th of July in 2017. I jumped at the opportunity and secured an inexpensive ticket.Excitement was at its peak as I approached the train station on the morning when my 22-day adventure was to begin. I jumped on board the passenger vessel (车厢) like it was the train to Hogwarts in Harry Potter. The trai
43、n headed west in search of our first destination the scenic town of Banff, Alberta. After just an hour on the train, desperation already came on me. The thought of three full days on those tracks broke my spirits. As I gazed out towards Lake Superiors glistening (闪闪发亮) waves, I decided if I was to b
44、e stuck in here, I would need to enjoy my time.Those three days turned into a summer camp on rails. Real friendships with the crew were born within that train. Stops were made in small, remote railroad villages. A large group of strangers turned travelling companions would rush towards the villages
45、to reward our endless patience with local cuisine. At night, we would walk to the glass-domed (玻璃穹顶) train car,which gave a scenic view of the night sky, untouched by light pollution.After three days, we arrived in Banff. Before my adventure of taking the train across Canada, if I could have skipped
46、 the travel and arrived at the destination, I would have. But that is no longer true. Ive learned that the journey can be more enjoyable than the destination.1.What made the authors train trip possible?A.The attraction of the splendid scenery.B.A time-limited ticket offer for youths.C.The encouragem
47、ent from his mother.D.His determination to face the tough tasks.2.Which of the following best describes the author as a young man?A.Considerate.B.Determined.C.Smart.D.Adaptable.3.What has the author learned from his adventure?A.To enjoy travelling on his own.B.To skip to the final destination.C.To e
48、xplore more in the process.D.To be content with train service.BFifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to
49、take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and
50、 reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didnt want to mess with that.Anoth
51、er 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engagi
52、ng with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some strangers bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which
53、 some woman I dont even know has been immortalized(使永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that
54、is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.4.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A.Her camera stopped working.B.A woman blocked her view.C.Someone asked her to leave.D.A frie
55、nd approached from behind.5.According to the author, the woman was probably_.A.enjoying herselfB.losing her patienceC.waiting for the sunsetD.thinking about her past6.In the authors opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A.The rich color of the landscape.B.The perfect positioning of the camera.C.The
56、 womans existence in the photo.D.The soft sunlight that summer day.7.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand _.A.the need to be close to natureB.the importance of private spaceC.the joy of the vacation in ItalyD.the shared passion for beautyC If you havent heard or seen
57、 anything about Road Rage in the last few months, youve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all. While drunk
58、 driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at
59、 least in part by aggressive driving behavior. Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is overcrowding. In the last decade,
60、 the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is more serious in urban areas.
61、 Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage. You
62、 may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situat
63、ions, watch out! Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are susceptible (易受影响的)to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another d
64、rivers rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.8.The first sentence in Para. 1 implies that _.A.one may be angered by media reports and wants to avoid themB.the media invented the term “Road Rage” only a few m
65、onths agoC.people not interested in the media know little about recent happeningsD.Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months9.The underlined word “spell” in Para. 3 means _.A.relieveB.preventC.spreadD.cause10.Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?A.Talking w
66、hile driving.B.Driving at high speed.C.Sounding the horn when passing.D.Shouting at another driver.11.The last paragraph is intended to _.A.tell people how to deal with Road RageB.inform people how aggressive drivers could beC.show people how to control themselves when angryD.warn people against eye
67、 contact with another driverDA new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation. Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environment friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or bik
68、ing, the study found.Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities. The new study represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution. Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing tr
69、ips now result in a 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace. The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike or on foot.One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no pa
70、ssengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests, are on the way to pick up passengers. This situation, known as deadheading, takes up about 42 percent of all ride-sharing driving activity, the study found. The researchers said that deadheading results in about 50
71、 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle. Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate (夸大）the effects of their services on pollution. Uber told Reuters news agency in a statement it had no comment on the latest report and that
72、the study made misleading claims about ride-sharing. Meanwhile, the company said it would work directly with cities to address climate changes, promoting sharing trips and other means of transportation.12.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.Ride-sharing becomes a new trend that
73、 cant be avoided.B.Ride-sharing industry is met with criticism.C.Ride-sharing services increase pollution.D.Ride-sharing services need improvement.13.The term “deadheading” in the passage refers to _.A.a driving process where the driver is not carrying passengersB.a potential risk that the driver ma
74、y lose control of the vehicleC.a period of driving hours when vehicles produce more carbon dioxideD.a situation in which a driver has too many passengers to pick up14.In the eyes of Uber, the latest report is actually_.A.barking up the wrong treeB.not seeking the truth from factsC.killing two birds
75、with one stoneD.beating around the bush15.From the study of ride-sharing services, we can infer that _.A.Ride-sharing attracts exactly the same number of people as traditional means of transport.B.the study was conducted to prove the influence of ride-sharing services on modern citiesC.ride-sharing
76、service is not an environmentally friendly way to travelD.the new report has forced Uber to make big changes to achieve its goalA【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者的旅行经历，作者的心态从盼望快速到达目的地转变为关注旅途中的快乐。1.细节理解题。根据第一段的But luckily for me, Via Rail Canada offered youths between the ages of 18 and 25 the chance
77、 to ride the train across Canada for the month of July in 2017. I jumped at the opportunity and secured an inexpensive ticket.(但我很幸运，加拿大的Via Rail为18到25岁的青年提供在2017年穿越加拿大的火车旅行。我听到这个机会很高兴，并且获得了一张便宜的车票)可知，加拿大Via Rail 为年轻人提供的限时低价车票让作者穿越加拿大的旅行成为可能。B. A time-limited ticket offer for youths.(一张为青年人提供的限时车票)符
78、合以上说法，故选B项。2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的As I gazed out towards Lake Superiors glistening (闪闪发亮) waves, I decided if I was to be stuck in here, I would need to enjoy my time.(当我凝视苏必利尔湖畔闪闪发光的海浪时，我决定如果要呆在这里，我需要享受我的时间。)和第三段中的Those three days turned into a summer camp on rails. Real friendships with the crew were born
79、 within that train.( 那三天变成了铁轨上的夏令营。与乘务员的真正友谊源于那列火车。)可知，作者想办法度过在火车上的时间，使自己充满快乐。由此推测作者的适应性强。D. Adaptable.(有适应能力的)符合以上推测，故选D项。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Ive learned that the journey can be more enjoyable than the destination.(我明白了关注旅途中的快乐比盼望到达目的地更有趣。)可知，作者明白了要在旅行中去探索更多的快乐。C. To explore more in the process.(要在过程中探
80、索更多的快乐)符合以上说法，故选D项。B【答案】4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅行的特殊经历带给作者的深思和感悟。4.考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view可知作者正准备拍照时，一位女士挡住了她的视野，选B。5.考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子She seemed so content in her observation
81、.可知这位女士可能玩儿的很开心，选A。6.考查细节理解。根据第四段的句子And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.可知照片儿中这位女士的存在，使得这张照片儿更有生气。选C。7.考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子This phot
82、o, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.可知卧室墙上的照片儿能够让作者更好地明白分享的美好，选D。C【答案】8.D 9.D 10.D 11.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今收到广泛报道的路怒症现象。路怒症也被称为攻击性驾驶，虽然酒后驾驶仍然是一个严重的问题，但有关攻击性驾驶的事实同样令人不安。文章列举了美国因为攻击性驾驶导致的事故数据，以及分析了路怒症产生的原因、某些特征和应对措施。8.推理判
83、断题。根据第一段中There have been countless stories about this scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving.可知关于这种可怕的现象有无数的故事，被认为是一种攻击性驾驶。由此可推知，第一段的第一句话表明，近几个月来，路怒症受到了媒体的广泛报道。故选D。9.词义猜测题。根据划线词上文With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have nev
84、er been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers.可知随着人们工作，并试图在一天中安排额外的家务和活动，压力水平从未如此之高。压力产生焦虑，导致脾气暴躁。由此可知，在某些情况下，这些因素结合在一起就会导致路怒症。即划线词意思为“造成，导致”。A. relieve减轻；B. prevent阻止；C. spread传播；D. cause造成，导致。故选D。10.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver
85、, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!可知例如，你有没有对慢速驾驶的司机大声喊叫，对另一辆车猛按喇叭，或者加速以阻止另一名司机通过？如果你发现自己处于上述任何一种情况，请小心！由此可推知，D选项“对另一个司机大喊大叫”是攻击性驾驶的特征。故选D。11.推理判断题。根据最后一段Whether you are gett
86、ing angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are susceptible (易受影响的)to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another drivers rage, do everything possible t
87、o get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.可知无论你是对其他司机生气，还是其他司机明显对你生气，你都可以做一些事情来避免任何重大冲突。如果你易患路怒症，关键是用一种健康的方式发泄你的情绪。如果你是另一个司机愤怒的目标，尽一切可能安全地离开另一个司机，包括避免眼神接触和让路。由此可推知，最后一段目的在于告诉人们如何处理路怒症。故选A。D【答案】12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C【解析】这是一篇议论文。研究发现，共享汽车的使用反而增加了
88、污染。12.主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation”。一项新的研究发现，共享汽车服务比其它类型的私人或公共交通造成的污染要大得多。第一段点明了文章的主旨，即共享汽车造成的污染更大，故选C项。13.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-s
89、haring vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests, are on the way to pick up passengers. This situation, known as deadheading,”他们给出的导致这一结果的最大原因之一是共享汽车经常会空驶。这种情况要么发生在司机等单时，要么发生在前去接乘客时。这种情况被称为“空驶”。所以deadheading指的是司机没有载乘客情况下的
90、驾驶。故选A项。14.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate the effects of their services on pollution.” Uber和Lyft公司过去都曾说过，关于这一主题的大多数研究都夸大了其服务对环境污染的影响。所以Uber公司认为这个研究不实事求是。故选B项。15.推理判断题。根据第三段“Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now result in a 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace.” 研究人员报告称，总体而言，目前共享汽车出行比它们所替代的出行服务平均多产生了69%的污染。可知，共享汽车并不是环保的出行方式。故选C项。
