1、Past perfect tense&Present perfect or past perfect?Hong Kong _ to China in 1997.returnedMacao _ to China in 1999.returnedHong Kong _ to China before Macao came back to China.had returnedThe simple past tense talks about a past action.When something happens at an even earlier time in the past,we use
2、the past perfect tense.Past perfect tensehad donePresentPastbuild a gardenclean the houseI _ the house before I _ a garden.had cleaned builtFriday The following is what I did last week.More examples of the Past perfect tense.1.When we got to the station,the train had left.2.By the end of last year,m
3、y brother had been a soldier for 10 years.3.Before Tony went to work,he had finished reading the novel.4.Not until 10 years later did she know,the diamond she had borrowed was just made of glass.主语+had+过去分词(肯定式)主语+had+not+过去分词(否定式)Had+主语+过去分词(疑问式)主语+had been+过去分词(被动语态)e.g.We had not heard from him s
4、ince we left here.自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。Past perfect tense1.在 told，said，knew，heard，thought 等动词后的宾语从句。e.g.She said(that)she had never been to Paris.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。2.状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。e.g.When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早跑了。3.表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think
5、，intend，mean，suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。e.g.We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。4.在by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。e.g.By the end of last year,we had produced 20,000 cars.到去年年底，我们已经生产20，000辆车。The train had left before we reached the station.我们到达
6、车站的时候火车已经离开了。5.表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly had+主语+过去分词+when+一般过去时No sooner had+主语+过去分词+than+一般过去时Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+before+一般过去时e.g.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.我们一坐下，车就开了。典型考题The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A.had written,left B.were writing
7、,has left C.had written,had left D.were writing,had left答案D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在”去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此”忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于”这一背景下，when 所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。1.The news is no surprise to me,I _ for some time that the factory is going to shut down.A.had known B.know C.have known D.kne
8、w过去完成时不能孤立使用，它必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它。2.John and I _ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A.had been;have seen B.have been;have seenC.had been;had seenD.have been;had seen 3.我原打算来的，但太忙了。(mea
9、n)I had meant to come,but I was too busy.had meant/planned/intended to do,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等。Amelia EarhartThe first woman pilot to fly across the Atlantic 生于1897年7月24日，1937年7月2日失踪，1939年1月5日被宣布逝世。Amelia Earhart was born on 24 July 1897.She had an exciting childhood.Before she moved to Des Moines,she
10、 _ already _ her first airplane.She _ to Chicago,six years later.She worked as a nurse in the First World War and became interested in flying.She _ already _ flying lessons before she bought her first plane.hadseenhadmovedtakenThen her interest in flying really began to grow.In 1929,she organized an
11、 air race for women.A year earlier,she _ the first woman air passenger to fly across the Atlantic.had becomeShe married George Putnam in 1931.They _ three years before when he interviewed her in New York.In 1932,she became the first woman to fly alone across the Atlantic.had metOn 1 June 1937,she _
12、her round-the-world flight.The flight went well in June.She reached New Guinea on the 29th.She _ flying nearly a month earlier.When the base tried to contact Amelia at 9.30 p.m.on 2 July 1937,she _ already _ missing.startedhad startedhadgoneWhen the Titanic was built,people assumed it would never si
13、nk.So,when it sank on its first journey,the news(1)_(surprise)everyone greatly.The Titanic was built in Belfast,Ireland.Its makers(2)_(spend)a great deal of money building the extraordinary ship.surprisedspentWhen it was finished,it was the largest and most comfortable ship ever built.The Titanic se
14、t sail on 10 April 1921.I(3)_(want)to set foot on the Titanic ever since it was built,said Molly Brown,a Titanic survivor.I never imagined it would sink.had wantedOn 13 April,the Titanic was sailing at full speed towards New York.The captain,who(4)_(receive)warnings about icebergs all day,had missed
15、 the warnings as they(5)_(arrive).had receivedarrivedAt 2.20 a.m.,the Titanic sank into the sea.It(6)_(hit)an iceberg just over two hours before.Of the 2,208 people aboard the ship,only 705(7)_(survive).Explorer Robert Ballard(8)_(search)for the Titanic for more than 20 year before he found it.had h
16、ithad searchedsurvivedWhen new technology was developed,we(9)_(use)it to send cameras down into sea.Finally,we found the ship.With his cameras,he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which(10)_(cause)it to fill with water and sink.had causedusedThe present perfect tense is used when
17、we are talking about a past event which relates to the present time.The past perfect tense is used when we are discussing the past and want to talkabout an even earlier event.Present perfect or past perfect?Cai Lun is a famous Chinese inventor,known for inventing paper.Cai invented paper in AD 105,b
18、ut(1)_ many times at first.Before his invention worked,Cai(2)_ many different parts of trees and plants to makeThe inventor of paperhear try catch fail showhad failedhad triedpaper even old fishing nets!After Cai invented paper,people all over China used it.At that time,however,no one(3)_ of Cai or
19、paper in the West.Paper was spread to the West through the Arabs,who learnt how to make paper in AD 751.had heardThey(4)_ several Chinese paper makers during a war,who then told them about Cais invention.Once the paper makers(5)_ people how to make paper,it came into widespread use all over the worl
20、d.had shownhad caught1.现在完成时表示发生在过去但对现在有影响的动作。e.g.你听说过林则徐的故事吗？Have you heard about the story of Lin Zexu?2.表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（可能还会继续下去）的动作，常用于延续性动词，多带有延续性时间状语，如:since，for three weeks，so far，in recent years等。e.g.这座房子已闲置好多年。The house has been empty for many years.3.表示将来，用于时间、条件等从句中。e.g.我一完成工作就和你一起去。I
21、ll go with you as soon as I have finished my work.注意：*终止性动词一般不与延续性时间状语连用，所以有些句子在汉语中成立，在英语中则要适当变通。如：“他参军已经三年了。”不能翻译成：“He has joined the army for three years.”但可变通为：“He has been a soldier/in the army for three years.”“He joined the army three years ago.”但是终止性动词的否定式则可以用于完成时。如：We havent seen each other
22、for a long time.*在“this is the first(second)time that”句型中，从句谓语常用现在完成时。e.g.这是我第三次来这里。This is the third time that I have been here.*副词before常与现在完成时连用。e.g.Have you ever met him before?你以前见过他吗？1.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A.left;had arrived B.left;arrived C.had
23、 left;had arrived D.had left;arrived 2.We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year.A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learned 3.When Mark opened the door,he saw a woman standing there.He _ her before.A.never saw B.had never seen C.never sees D.has never seen4.I cant see any
24、coffee in this cupboard._?A.Has it all been finished B.Was it all finished C.Has it all finished D.Did it all finished5._ my sister three times today but her line was always busy.A.Id phoned B.Ive been phoning C.Ive phoned D.I was phoning6.The window is dirty.I know.It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleaned B.
25、didnt clean C.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned7.The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945,and their power _ increased enormously ever since.A.is B.was C.has been D.had been8.More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A.Treated B.have treated C.have been treated D.have been treated9.The
26、y _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them,and now we _ it as no good results have come out so far.A.had been working;are still working B.had worked;were still working C.have been working;have worked D.have worked;are still working1.今天上午十点钟前，他已经完成了这项工作。2.他告诉我他从小就认识她。He had finished
27、his work before ten oclock this morning.He told me that he had known her since he was a child.3.我原以为我以前见过他。I thought I had seen him before.4.八点钟，学生开始在田里劳动，这时雨已经停了，太阳出来了。The students started working in the fields at 8 oclock,the rain had stopped and the sun was shining.5.我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。I had hoped to be back last night,but I didnt catch the train.Finish Workbook Exercise Page 104 C1,C2.
