1、civilization nlecture nRoman n& adj.volcano n.lava n. ash n. unfortunate adj. mud n.researcher n. truetolife adj. disaster n. commercial adj.wealthy adj. gradually adv. sandstorm n. scholar n.cultural adj. institute n. beneath prep. pot n.material n& adj. document n. workshop n. nearby adv.& adj. ex
2、treme adj. bone n. wooden adj. leather n.historical adj. solution n. expression n. audience n. cave n. ceremony n. republic n. chairman n.pearl n. harbor (harbour)n. navy n. powerful adj.airfield n. bomb vt.& n. sailor n. aircraft n.carrier n. memorial n& adj. statue n. troop n.march vi.& n. glory n
3、. vast adj. philosophy n.salary n. basis n. court n. god n. corrupt vt.& adj. trial n.1(2020新高考全国卷)Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners，who will each receive a Tshirt in memory of Earharts final flight.n.评委2(2017天津卷)There were also signs that I was headed down the right path.vt.带领3(
4、2017全国卷)When I arrived，I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.n.临时庇护处或简易的窝单词拼写运用核心单词语境运用1pour vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)2complain vi.抱怨3decorate vt.装饰，装潢用所给词的适当形式填空。1(2020全国卷)After that I poured(pour) oil into a pan and turned on the stove.I waited patiently until the oi
5、l was hot.核心单词语境运用4found vt.兴建，创建5erupt vi.(火山等)爆发6fortunate adj.幸运的7flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 8ruin n废墟；毁坏 vt.破坏，毁灭9ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先10poison n毒药，毒物 vt.毒害，下毒2.(2020全国卷)In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were_decorated(decorate) with houseplants
6、.3(2020全国卷)If you do，you wont be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins (ruin) everyones day.4(2019北京卷)Although she founded (found) her company early on in life，she wasnt driven primarily by profit.5We should strictly and voluntarily obey traffic rules
7、，stopping at the red light rather than complaining (complain) about traffic jams.6The enemy soldiers fled/were_fleeing (flee) in all directions when they were attacked.7The explosion of the chemical plant has_poisoned(poison) more than 20 local residents so far.派生单词语境运用1explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸，爆发
8、2declare vt.宣布，宣称declaration n宣告；宣言；申报3judge v判断；审判 n法官，审判员；裁判员judgement n判断；判决4aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的awareness n认识，意识5educate vt.教育education n教育，培养educator n教育者，教育家6destroy vt.毁坏，摧毁destruction n破坏，毁灭destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的7remain vt.& vi.遗留，剩余；继续存在remaining adj.剩余的remains n遗物，遗迹，遗骸用所给词的适当形式填空。1U
9、nder the pressure of the public，the judges had to change their judgement at last；the murderer was sentenced to death.(judge)2As far as Im aware，more and more people have an awareness of the importance of eating a healthy diet.(aware)3He got little education because of poverty，so he always educates h
10、is children to value the chance of study.(educate)4Due to the destructive hurricane，lots of villages were destroyed and many people were left homeless.(destroy)5A bomb exploded in the market and the explosion was heard a mile away.(explode)6Its declared that both sides agree to stop fighting.They ar
11、e required to obey the declaration forever.(declare)7She devoted her remaining years to studying the remains of the Yuanmingyuan.(remain)短语理解运用高频短语语境运用1take_over 夺取；接管2no_doubt 无疑，确实3pour_out 涌出4carry_out 实施；执行5take_part_in 参加填入一个适当的词。There was no doubt that David took over the company when his fath
12、er retired.All the board members attended the meeting yesterday，and David delivered the keynote address.He made them aware of the determination that he would carry out his duty faithfully.6focus_on 集中(精力)于7turn_out 结果是，证明是8break_down 毁掉；身体垮掉9together_with 与一起10have_enough_of 对感到厌烦填入一个适当的词。There will
13、 be times when you meet with disappointment and have enough of your present life.Life wont always turn out the way you want.This is just another thing youll have to learn to deal with.But instead of letting you break down，push on.Accept disappointment and focus on pursuing your dreams.11rise_up_agai
14、nst 起义，反抗12in_memory_of 纪念13stand_in_ones_path 阻碍(某人)14come_down_with 患(病)填入一个适当的词。In my hometown，there was a statue set up in memory of a brave officer calling on the villagers to rise up against the enemies during World War .Even though he came down with a serious illness，he never let it stand in
15、his path.He was a hero in the hearts of the villagers.句式辨识运用教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1.介词短语位于句首引起的全部倒装Near the city was a volcano.(2017北京卷满分作文)一个美丽的现代城市泰安坐落于泰山脚下。At_the_foot_of_Mount_Tai_sits/lies a beautiful modern city Taian.2.It turns/turned out that.原来；结果It turns out that after the ash covered the people who
16、 failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.(2019全国卷)原来只是看绿色的、正在生长中的东西就可以减少压力，降低血压，并使人们心情好。It_turns_out_that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪)3.动名词的复
17、合结构The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sandwhat a pity！(2019江苏卷)他站在钢琴旁，闭上眼睛，第一次听别人演奏自己的作品。He stood by the piano，eyes closed，listening for the first time to his_own_work_being_played by someone else.1pour vi.涌流，倾泻；(雨)倾盆
18、而下vt.倒出(液体)；涌出pour in 涌进pour into 涌进；使灌入pour out (of.) (从)倒出/涌出；倾诉pour down (雨)倾盆而下pour oil on the fire 火上浇油pour out his trouble to her 向她倾诉他的苦恼pour out in crowds 成群地涌出来pour a large sum of money into the project 把大笔资金投入了这项工程基础练习单句语法填空Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.People pour into b
19、ig department stores when they have a sales drive.链接写作完成句子他把牛奶从瓶子里倒入玻璃杯，然后喝光了。He poured_milk_out_of_the_bottle_into_the_glass and drank it up.2ruin nC (pl.)废墟，遗迹；U毁坏，毁灭，崩溃vt.破坏，毁灭；使破产(1)in ruins 成为废墟fall/come into ruin 被破坏了，被毁了bring.to ruin 使毁灭；使没落；使破产(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己ruin ones health/fame/future
20、毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途ruin your bright future/bring your bright future to ruin毁掉你的美好前途leave the town in ruins 使这个城镇化为废墟the ruin of his hopes他的希望破灭基础练习单句语法填空When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)In some places，roads built to help farmers fall into ruin.链接写作句式升
21、级(普通表达)It rained for two weeks and it completely ruined our holiday.(高级表达)It rained for two weeks，which_completely_ruined_our_holiday. (用非限制性定语从句)(高级表达)It rained for two weeks，completely_ruining_our_holiday.(用现在分词短语作状语)3remains n遗物，遗迹，遗骸；剩余物(1)the remains of.的遗迹/残留(2)remain v留下；仍然是remainIt remains t
22、o be seen.尚不确定，还说不准the remains of several dinosaurs 几具恐龙遗骸remain in ones mind 留在记忆中remain to accompany you 留下来陪你remain firm in (the) face of the enemy在敌人面前始终很坚定基础练习单句语法填空The poor man ate the remains (remain) of the dishes hurriedly.The remaining (remain) twenty patients were transferred to another h
23、ospital.The guests came in，but she remained seated(seat) at the desk reading.It remains to_be_seen(see) whether shell be fit enough to play in the finals.链接写作完成句子我们学校将建一个新图书馆的消息是否真实还有待证实。 It_remains_to_be_seen_whether_the_news_is_true that a new library will be built in our school.名师点津remaining常作前置定
24、语，表示“剩余的，剩下的”，而left常作后置定语。如：the money leftthe remaining money剩下的钱。4complain vi.抱怨高考原句2020江苏卷One funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny，but five is just complaining，no matter how smart you think you are.(1)complain (to sb.) about/of sth./that.(向某人)抱怨complain of sth.诉说某事complain a
25、gainst/about 投诉；申诉(2)complaint n抱怨；投诉make a complaint against/about.对进行投诉make a formal complaint against your delivery service 对您的送货服务正式投诉complain of severe stomach pains 说肚子很疼complain about working overtime 因加班而抱怨基础练习单句语法填空He complained to the waiter that his meal is cold.链接写作一句多译我写此信意在投诉你这个宾馆的服务。I
26、 am now writing to_complain_against/about the service of your hotel.(complain)I am now writing to_make_a_complaint_against/about the service of your hotel.(complaint)5flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开flee some place 逃离某地flee to some place 逃到某地flee from (escape from) 从逃离fled across the border to escape the fig
27、hting 为了躲避战争逃过了国境线be forced to flee the country 被迫逃离该国flee from hate，mischief and jealousy远离仇恨、伤害与嫉妒基础练习单句语法填空Everyone fled from the burning building when the fire alarm sounded.链接写作完成句子轰炸开始时，人们逃到了安全地带。When the bombing started，people fled_to_the_safe_place.6declare vt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明高考原句2020江苏卷 Jan 23：W
28、uhan declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions.declare sb./sth.to be.宣布某人或某事是declare for/against 表示赞成/反对declare war (on/against) (向)宣战declare that.宣布declare him to be the winner 宣布他为获胜者declare his true feelings to her 向她表明他的真实感情declare for improving the public bus system宣布同意改进公共汽车系统基础练习
29、单句语法填空What is known to us is that the Chinese government has declared against terrorism openly.The court declared that strike action was illegal (legal)链接写作句式升级(普通表达)The contract has been declared void(无效)(高级表达)It_has_been_declared_that the contract is void.(it作形式主语)7aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的(1)be awa
30、re that.知道；意识到be/become aware of 知道/意识到as far as I am aware 就我所知make sb.aware of 使某人意识到(2)raise awareness of 提高对的认识(3)unaware adj.不知道的，没察觉到的make people more aware of these problems 让人更加意识到这些问题be well aware of the dangers 十分清楚这些危险raise awareness of the dangers of passive smoking 提高对被动吸烟的危害的认识基础练习单句语法
31、填空I took part in a group activity called “Sensitivity Sunday”，which was to make us more aware of the problems faced by disabled people.We should try to raise peoples awareness(aware) of environmental protection.链接写作句式升级(普通表达)To his relief，his parents are aware of his innocence.(高级表达) To his relief，h
32、is parents are aware that_he_is_innocent.(普通表达)As far as I know，the invitations to the party have all been sent.(高级表达)As_far_as_I_am_aware，the invitations to the party have all been sent.(aware)名师点津aware表示“意识到(察觉到)某情况”时，其后总是接介词of。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语；加强语气时可用well，fully，very much，much等修饰，但不能用ve
33、ry。8judge n法官，审判员；裁判员v.判断；审判；裁判(1)judge.from/by.根据来判断judge sb./sth.to be.判断某人/事是 so/as far as I can judge 依我判断(2)judging by/from.根据来判断(3)in ones judgement依某人看来judge whether what she is doing is right or wrong 评判她做的是对还是错judge his own performance against others performance对照他人的表现来判断他自己的表现judge between
34、 right and wrong判断是非基础练习语段语法填空Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the judge pointed out that a man should not be_judged only by his looks.In my judgement，what he said is reasonable.(judge)链接写作一句多译依我判断，这本书内容相当准确。So/As_far_as_I_can_judge，the b
35、ook is remarkably accurate.(judge)In_my_judgement，the book is remarkably accurate.(judgement)My_judgement_is_that the book is remarkably accurate.(judgement)名师点津judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响。9take over夺取，占据；接替；接管take up 拿起；占用；开始(从事)take off 起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功take in 吸收；欺骗；理解take down 记录下来；
36、拆除take on 承担；呈现；雇用took over his work after his departure他离开后接替他的工作take two years over this book 花两年写这本书take up much of your time 占用你很多时间基础练习写出下列句中take over的含义In 89 BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.It then became a rich city.夺取，占据Our manager told me that I would take over the job as branch manager nex
37、t month.接替；接管链接写作完成句子技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它接管我们的生活。Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to_take_over_our_lives.10no doubt 无疑，确实高考原句2020全国卷He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green，but he has no doubt about it.(1)There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is some doubt w
38、hether.怀疑是否without doubt 毫无疑问(2)dont doubt that.不用怀疑doubt whether/if.怀疑/不相信是否doubt the truth of this statement怀疑这种说法是否符合事实doubt what he said 不相信他说的话be the best nurse in the hospital without doubt 无疑是那家医院最优秀的护士基础练习单句语法填空Theres some doubt whether he has the ability to do the job.You can complain，but I
39、 doubt if/whether it will make any difference.链接写作句式升级(普通表达)Certainly I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.(高级表达)There_is_no_doubt_that/No_doubt I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.(高级表达)I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule without_doubt.名师点津doubt作动词讲时，在肯定句中接if/whether引导的宾语从句；在疑问句和否定句中接
40、that引导的宾语从句。当doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句中后跟that引导的同位语从句。11(教材P43) It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。句型公式句中It
41、turns out that.表示“原来是；结果是”。It turns/turned out that.原来是；结果是It turns/turned out to be.原来是；结果是sb./sth.turns/turned out to be.某人或某物原来是；某人或某物结果是金句推送The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.原来这本书350多年来一直吸引着全世界的人。基础练习单句语法填空It turned out that his brother died of a
42、 sudden heart attack.He said he was a doctor，but later he turned out to_be(be) a cheat.链接写作句式升级(普通表达)The job turned out to be harder than we thought.(高级表达)It_turned_out_that the job was harder than we thought.名师点津本句型后接that从句时，句首的it不可用别的词代替；但是如果后面接不定式时，主语可根据实际需要确定。如：The day turned out (to be) a fine
43、day.那天倒是好天气。12(教材P43) The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sandwhat a pity！这片沙漠曾经是绿树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍伐殆尽，导致这座城市被沙尘掩埋多么遗憾啊！句型公式句中the city being buried by sand是动名词的复合结构。city与bury之间存在被动关系，故用being buried。在动名词复合结构中，用普通格或所有格，一般遵循下
44、列原则：(1)若动名词复合结构作主语，则其逻辑主语用名词的所有格或物主代词。(2)若动名词复合结构作宾语或表语，当其逻辑主语指人时，则该逻辑主语用普通格或所有格均可。当其逻辑主语是无生命的事物，则名词要用普通格。金句推送(2018天津卷满分作文) I believe your joining our team will benefit us a lot.我相信你加入我们的团队会使我们受益匪浅。基础练习单句语法填空The new evidence led to the thief being_caught(catch)I cant imagine Tom making(make) such a
45、mistake.链接写作一句多译约翰上学又迟到了让他的老师很生气。Johns_being_late_for_school_again made his teacher very angry.(动名词复合结构)It made his teacher very angry that_John_was_late_for_school_again.(主语从句)夯基固本基础强化.用所给词的正确形式填空。1The judge declared (declare) that the young man was guilty of an attempted murder，while he himself in
46、sisted that he was innocent.2In recent years，a great deal of rubbish has_been_poured (pour) into the river，which smells terrible.3The whole city lay in ruins(ruin) after the earthquake，which made us lying awake all night.4Instead of complaining(complain) about whats wrong，be grateful for whats right
47、.5His (he) not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.6If your awareness (aware) is as sharp as it could be，youll have no trouble answering these questions.7He wasnt allowed to go to the cinema，for a lot of work remained to_be_done (do)8Judging (judge) from the book I have read，I thin
48、k the writer is very promising.9What worried the child most was his not being_allowed(allow) to visit his mother in hospital.10In 1972，President Richard Nixon declared the third Sunday of June every year to_be(be) Fathers Day in America.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1An accident happened on the way home last night，b
49、ut the driver fled from the scene.2The research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.3When Mr.Green retired，his son took over the business from him.4Those who are going through the unpleasant time often complain about how hard their lives are.5Wearing proper clothes is impor
50、tant too，for locals will judge you by/from what you wear.在下列句子中找出一处错误并改正。1There is no doubt whether nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.whetherthat2The headmaster didnt seem to aware that there should have been so much disagreement about the decision.to后加be3Judged by
51、her last letter，they are having a wonderful time.JudgedJudging4It remains truly that sport is about competing well，not winning.trulytrue5Years of fighting have left the area in ruin.ruinruins查缺补漏知识拾遗.用所给词的正确形式填空。1The Chinese Communist Party was_founded (found) on July 1,1921.2I cant go out with all
52、these dishes to_wash (wash)3Fortunately(fortune)，they had an excellent teacher during high school.4Hes not educated enough to give expression(express) to all his thoughts.5Unfortunately，his father died，leaving(leave) the family even worse off.6She had a voice powerful(power) enough not to need a mic
53、rophone.7He didnt mind carrying a banner and marching(march) about with the crowd.8His confidence built up gradually(gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.9Accustomed to being poor，he found it hard to adapt to a wealthy(wealth) life in a short period of time.10Hearing the dog ba
54、rking fiercely，away fled(flee) the thief.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1A tenfoot wooden sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.2I thought wed be late for the concert，but we ended up getting there ahead of time.3She is a girl alive to the moods of others.4The sa
55、lesman said the car was in good condition，and I was foolish enough to believe him.5Through the window I saw the girls room was decorated with small moons and small stars.6I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life.强技提能语言应用.语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵
56、该短文。This morning，I planned to go to the Peoples Park to enjoy myself，1.so did Tom.On seeing the sculptures 2.founded(found) 10 years ago in 3.memory(memorize) of heroes，Tom couldnt wait to take pictures.4.Unfortunately(fortunate)，it was at that moment 5.that we found his camera was gone.Suddenly he
57、was aware that he might have left it in the taxi.I began 6.to_complain(complain) about his carelessness.Half an hour 7.later(late)，the driver returned with the camera and you could imagine the broad smile spreading across Toms face 8.beyond expression.Both of us were grateful for what the driver had
58、 done.9.There was no doubt that Tom insisted on taking a photo with him.10.Judging (judge) from the look in the picture，he had a lot of fun today.书面表达Step 1.要点提示(黑体字部分要使用本单元所学词汇)根据历史文献判断，古代的人兴建了很多著名的建筑物。Judging_from the historical document，people in ancient times built_many_famous_buildings.有些逐渐成为废墟
59、。另外一些至今仍然存在。Some of them gradually_fall_into_ruin.Others remain today.为了纪念这些逝去的文明，有些已经重建或修复。In_memory_of_these_lost_civilizations，some of them have been rebuilt or repaired.由于像沙尘暴这样的自然灾害，这些仍然存在的建筑遭受到很大的破坏。Because there are natural_disasters like sandstorms，the_remaining buildings are greatly destroy
60、ed.很多学者在寻找方法保护这些文化遗产。Many scholars are looking for solutions_to_protect_these_cultural_remains.越来越多的人意识到这些文化遗产的重大意义。他们加入到保护它们的行列中。More and more people are_aware_that the cultural relics are_of_great_ significance.They join to protect them.Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)(1)利用连词while升级1中的句Some_of_them_gr
61、adually_fall_into_ruin_while_others_remain_today.(2)利用because of升级1中的句Because_of_natural_disasters_like_sandstorms，the_remaining_buildings_are_ greatly_destroyed.(3)利用连词and升级1中的句More_and_more_people_are_aware_that_the_cultural_relics_are_of_great_significance_and_join_to_protect_them.Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰
62、当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)Judging from the historical document，people in ancient times built many famous buildings.Unfortunately，some of them gradually fall into ruin while others remain today.In memory of these lost civilizations，some of them have been rebuilt or repaired.Because of natural disasters like sandstorms，the remaining buildings are greatly destroyed.Therefore，many scholars are looking for solutions to protect these cultural remains.To our delight，more and more people are aware that the cultural relics are of great significance and join to protect them.
