1、Lead in(分析下列句子中动词的成分）1.Running is good for your health.2.It is easy to lose a friend.3.She pretended to be cheerful.4.I dislike playing tennis.5.His dream is to make people around him happy.6.Seeing is believing.7.They are delighted to attend the meeting.8.You mustnt let him know our secret.9.The bo
2、y was made to draw pictures.10.Yesterday she had her motor car repaired.11.We found the book interesting.12.I have good news to tell you.13.The exciting news spread fast.14.The USA is a developed country.16.The earthquake broke out,leaving many people dead.17.We hurried to the airport,only to find t
3、he plane had taken off.18.We are happy to meet you here.19.To avoid losing a good friend,you needto apologize quickly.20.Seen on the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful.15.They walked into the forest,talking and laughing.非谓语动词一、定义：在句子中不能作谓语的动词。二、类型及作用：1.不定式（to do/work)相当于名词，形容词和副词在句子中 的作用2.-ing
4、 form(-ing 形式-doing/working）1）动名词（相当于名词在句子中的作用）2）现在分词（相当于形容词和副词在句子中的作用）3.过去分词（done/worked)相当于形容词和副词在句子中 的作用 Part 1To infinitive&Bare infinitive动词不定式时间形式主动形式被动形式一般式完成式进行式/I.不定式的形式to doto be done时间在谓语动作之后或者同时to have doneto have been done时间在谓语动作之前to be doing时间与谓语动作同时进行1.I want _(go)with you tomorrow.2.
5、She knows how _(run)the machine.3.The book needs _(read)twice.4.Sarah is sorry _(make)cruel remarks on Hannah yesterday.5.The professor is said _(give)us a lecture next Monday.6.A lecture is said _(give)by the professor next Monday.7.The project is reported _(finish)last year.8.She pretended _(do)he
6、r homework when her father came in.to goto runto be readto have madeto giveto be givento be doingto have been finished表语主语宾语不定式宾语补足语定语状语一.to do as a subject（作主语）1.装饰圣诞树是我的任务。To decorate the Christmas tree is my task.It is my task to decorate the Christmas tree.2.找到一个知心的朋友是很难。To find a true/sincere/f
7、aithful friend is hard.It is hard/difficult to find a true friend.3.错失这个好机会是你的遗憾。It is your pity/shame to miss the good chance.4.成为一名好老师需要耐心。It takes/requires patience to become a goodteacher.1.How long did it take you to finish the project?2.How crazy it is to go white-water rafting!归纳一、不定式短语作主语的位置
8、：直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。归纳二、it作形式主语，不定式作真主语常见句型:1)Its necessary _ young people in China to master a foreign language.2)It is impolite _ you to talk loudly on the phone in the library.1.It is+adj.(easy,important,dangerous difficult)+(for sb.)to do It is+adj.(表示人的品质的形容词如：fr
9、iendly/honest/polite/cruel)+(of sb.)to doforof2).It is+n.(a pity,a pleasure,ones duty/honour,a shame)+不定式Its our duty to make our country strongerand more beautiful.3)It takes/needs/requires+sb.sth.(time,patience/determination)+不定式 It takes you strong determination,hard work and good luck to realize
10、 your dreams.1.可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多如：agree，afford,ask，attempt,decide，determine，expect，fail,offer,hope，learn，intend，manage,plan，promise，pretend,refuse，seek,tend,want，wish.+to do二、To do as an object（作宾语）2.当不定式短语作宾语，而后面接形容词或名词作宾补时，将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语.动词(feel，think，find，believe，consider，make)+it+宾补(形容词/
11、名词）+(for sb)+to do1).人们觉得网上购物更方便。People feel it more convenient to do shopping online.2)你相信人类登上火星可能吗？Do you believe it possible for man to land the Mars?3)这个学校把学生在校穿校服当成一个规则。The school makes it a rule for the students to wear school uniform in school.4)The two girls are so alike that strangers find
12、it difficult _(tell)one from the other.to tell3.只有少数介词如but，except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do，does，did时，通常省略to。1)We have no choice but _(wait).2)We can do nothing but _(wait).to waitwait三.as an object complement（宾补）1.You should get them _（help)you.2.She urged us _(quit
13、)smoking.3.You can have your husband _(clean)your house.4.Yesterday evening I saw him _(park)his car here.5.The interesting study can help you _ (avoid)difficulty in communication.to helpto quitcleanpark(to)avoid归纳一、常接不定式(to do)作宾补的动词有：get，ask，force，order，tell，invite，allow，wish，want，like，expect，advi
14、se，beg，cause，persuade，teach，warn，hate，permit，forbid，encourage+宾语+宾补（to do）归纳二、有些感官和使役动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语。常用的动词有:一感觉(feel),二听（hear,listen to),三 使 役（have,let,make),四 看（see,watch,notice,observe)但是句子变成被动语态后，不定式成为句子的主语补足语，需带to。1)The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.A.picked upB
15、.picks upC.pick upD.picking up2)To pass the driving test once,we are made _ driving two hours more.A.practiseB.practisingC.to practiseD.practised四.to do as an attributive（定语）1.He has not kept his promise _(write)to his parents regularly.2.She made a decision _(go)abroad for a year.不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名
16、词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语:to writeto go 下列名词常接不定式作定语。attempt，decision，promise，plan，ability，determination 等。1)His attempt _(finish）his homework was quite clear.2)We have no doubt about his ability _(do)the job well.3)Do you have any plan _(study)abroad?to goto studyto finish 被序数词，形容词最高级或only，first,last，next等修
17、饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。1)She is always the first student _(come)to the class and the last _(leave).2)The last one_ pays the meal.A.arrivedB.arrives C.to arriveD.arrivingto cometo leaveC不定式作定语时，多表示将来的动作1.The meeting _ tomorrow is important.A.heldB.being held C.to holdD.to be held2.The high way _ next year wil
18、l connect the two towns close.A.to buildB.buildingC.to be builtD.builtDC不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。1.Hes always the first to come and the last to leave.(=The first comes and the last leaves.)(主谓关系)2.There are many ways to make people laugh.(同位关系)3.She has a meetin
19、g to attend.(=attend a meeting)(动宾关系)4.Theres nothing to worry about.(=worry about nothing)(动宾关系)五、to do as a predictive（作表语）Our most important task now is to make a plan.当句子的主语是aim，idea，policy，question，suggestion，wish，task，duty，job，purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。1.My wish is _(b
20、e)a doctor.2.His plan is _(go)abroad and continue his studies.当不定式充当表语的时候，表示具体动作或是将来要发生的动作。3.What she wants to do is _(tell)you a secret.4.Now the only thing we can do is _(wait).作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。to beto go(to)tell(to)wait6.to do as an adverbial不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、等。to，in order to,s
21、o as to(不能放句首)，作目的状语All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receive C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving 在soas to，suchas to，only to 结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to用于表示意想不到的结果。1.He hurried to the station only _ that the train had go
22、ne.A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found2.She was _ sad as to cry to death.A.veryB.so C.suchD.much enough to，tooto结构The boy isnt old enough to go to school.=The boy is too young to go to school.表示情感的形容词(glad，happy，lucky，fortunate，surprised，angry，anxious等)+不定式结构作原因状语1.I am glad to meet you.2.We
23、 are delighted to be given so muchhelp from you.3.She is anxious to know the result of the final exam.7.不定式独立成分作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如：to be frank/honest(坦白地说)，to tell you the truthto be sure/exact(确实)，to make the matter worse(更糟糕的是)等。e.g.To tell you the truth,I hate you.1.使役动词let，make，have接不
24、定式作宾补不加to。如：1）I let her borrow my book.2）She made me promise to write every day.3）The teacher often has his students readaloud in class.Bare infinitive不带to的不定式2.感官动词feel，hear，see，watch接动词不定式作宾补不加to。如：1）I saw her talk to her new friends.2）She heard the boy break his glasses.注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。e.g.A gi
25、rl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to dropby a girl when she passed by.3.would rather，had better，why not接动词不定式不加to。如：1）I would rather go swimming.2）You had better tidy your bedroom3）Why not visit your cousin in Japan?4.为了避免重复，由and,or,rather than连接两个不定式时，一般可以省略第二个不定式符号to。1)Im
26、 really puzzled what to think or _(say).2)We want to swim and _(climb)the hills next Saturday.3)I decided to write rather than _(phone)sayclimbphone5.在介词but，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to。如：He had nothing to do but watch TV all day longAnswers to page 9:(1)to thank (2)to apologize(3)to have (4)
27、e-mail(5)to receive (6)to go(7)watch (8)borrow(9)visit (10)to try(11)to see (12)come1.Tell him _ the window.A.to shut not B.not to shutC.to not shut D.not shut2.They knew her very well.They had seen her _ up from childhood.A.grow B.grewC.was growing D.to grow3.Ive heard him _ about you often.A.spoke B.speaks C.speak4.Though he had often made his little sister _,today he was made _ by his little sister.A.cry;to cry B.crying;cryingC.cry;cry D.to cry;cry
