1、Unit 5MusicPeriod 3Discovering Useful Structures语法精析课过去分词作状语语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,分析其黑体部分的用法。原句1Moved by this music,he said,“It was like seeing color for the first time.”原句2Born in the USA on 2 January 1970,Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.原句3Inspired,he asked his fans
2、 to make videos,which he then joined together into one performance.【生产得】done作状语时,非谓语动词和主语之间是被动关系。【研学析】一、动词过去分词形式可用作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等。这类状语可放在句子前面、后面或句中,并可拓展为一个状语从句或并列分句。1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词 when或while来强调时间概念。Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.=When he was told that
3、his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.=When told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.得知母亲生病了,李雷马上赶回了家。【内化用】Seen from the moon,the earth looks green.=_from the moon,the earth looks green.=_from the moon,the earth looks green.从月亮上看时,地球是绿色的。When he was asked what had happened,h
4、e lowered his head.=_,he lowered his head.=_,he lowered his head.被问及发生了什么事时,他低下了头。When the earth is seenWhen seenWhen asked what had happenedAsked what had happened2.表示原因,相当于一个由as,because等引导的原因状语从句。Greatly inspired by the teachers words,he made up his mind to work at English even harder.=Because he
5、was greatly inspired by the teachers words,he made up his mind to work at English even harder.在老师的鼓励下,他决心更加努力地学习英语。注意:有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:be lost(迷路);be seated(坐);be lost/absorbed in(沉溺于);be dressed in(穿着);be addicted to(对上瘾);be buried in(埋头于);be determined to do(决定做某事);be fac
6、ed with(面对着);be based on(以为基础)等。【内化用】Because the teacher was satisfied with what he did,the teacher praised him in class.=_what he did,the teacher praised him in class.老师对他所做的事情很满意,于是在班上表扬了他。Because he was a bit frightened,he went back._,he went back.因为有点害怕,他又回来了。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he did
7、nt hear the sound.=_deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。Satisfied withA bit frightenedAs he was lost/absorbed in语法填空。_(face)with difficulty,he never gives up.=_(face)difficulty,he never gives up._(dress)in white,he looks like a cook not a doctor.=_(dress)himself in white,he loo
8、ks like a cook not a doctor._(bury)in work,he forgot to pick up his son.FacedFacingDressedDressingBuried3.表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,过去分词前可用 unless,if等词。(1)If I am given a few more minutes,Ill finish it.=Given a few more minutes,Ill finish it.再给几分钟我就可以完成了。(2)Compared with you,I still have a long way to go.跟你比
9、较起来,我还差得很远呢。【内化用】语法填空。_(plant)in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.Ordinary soap,_(use)correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.If the matter is seen in this way,the matter isnt so serious.=_ in this way,the matter isnt so serious.PlantedusedSeen4.表示方式或伴随情况。动词的-ed形式作伴随状语,表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明,常置于句末
10、,可以扩展成一个状语从句或并列分句。The old man went into the room,(and he was)supported by his wife.在妻子的搀扶下,老人走进房间。【内化用】_,the professor sat there cheerfully.那位教授在学生的簇拥下,高高兴兴地坐在那里。The teacher entered the classroom,_.老师进入教室,后面跟着一帮学生。Surrounded by his studentsfollowed by a group of students5.表示让步,相当于一个 though/although引
11、导的让步状语从句。Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.=Though he was beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.虽然经受了敌人的严刑拷打,但他拒绝泄露秘密。【内化用】_,he didnt lose heart.尽管再次被击败,但他没有灰心。_,he makes his own way.虽然被别人嘲笑,但他依然我行我素。Beaten againLaughed at by others6.过去分词无论作什么状语,其逻辑主语应是主句的主语。【内化用】判断
12、下列句子正()误()。Seen from the mountain,we found the building is very small.()Seen from the mountain,the building is very small.()Written carelessly,he made a serious mistake in the letter.()Written carelessly,the letter had a serious mistake.()二、动词过去分词与动词现在分词作状语的区别一般来说,动词过去分词表示被动的意义;而动词现在分词形式则表示主动意义。(1)W
13、orking hard(=If you work hard),you will succeed.如果你努力,你会成功的。(2)Though defeated(=Though he was defeated),he remained a popular boxer.尽管他失败了,他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。三、分词的独立结构1.分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词称为分词的独立主格,在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。例如:The project finished,they had a two weeks leave.完成那个计
14、划后,他们休了两周假。Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.冬季来临,天气越来越冷。2.独立结构有时也可以用“with/without+名词(或代词的宾语)+分词”的结构,表示伴随状况。例如:They sat there silently,(with)their eyes fixed on the lake.他们静静地坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面。The children looked at us,(with)their eyes opening wide.孩子们眼睛睁得大大地看着我们。【内化用】语法填空。Time _(permit),I will visi
15、t my old teacher.With the boy _(lead)the way,we found the mans home without difficulty.The weather _(be)cold,we had to stay at home.The old man was walking,with his arms _(fold)across his chest.permittingleadingbeingfolded四、独立成分(插入语)与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫作句子的独立成分。常见的有:generally speaking一般来说;frankly speakin
16、g坦白地讲;judging from从来判断;taking.into consideration把考虑在内;to tell you the truth说实话;compared with.与相比Generally speaking,people all believe what he has said.一般来说人们都相信他所说的。To tell you the truth,Im a little tired.说实话,我有点累了。【内化用】_,it rained heavily.更糟糕的是,天下起了大雨。_his accent,he is from London.从口音来判断,他来自伦敦。_,he
17、 is the kind of man that I like best.坦率地讲,他是我最喜欢的那类人。To make matters worseJudging fromFrankly speaking【常温故勤总结】过去分词作状语小结1.过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、让步等。2.过去分词作状语,表示被动。3.过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果逻辑主语不一致用独立主格。.单句语法填空1.(2019北京高考)Nervously _(face)challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words
18、“Be yourself”.2.When _(offer)help,one often says“Thank you”or“Its kind of you”.3._(ask)about his address,the boy didnt respond.4.Generally speaking,if _(take)according to the directions,the drug will have no side effects.5.I stood before her with my heart _(beat)fast.课时素养达标facingofferedAskedtakenbea
19、ting6.Clearly and thoughtfully _(write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.7._(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.8._(order)over a week ago,the book is expected to arrive at any time.written
20、Having spentOrdered.同义句转换1.Give me another chance and I will do it better.=_ another chance,I will do it better.=If I _another chance,I will do it better.2.As she was seriously injured,she was sent to hospital at once.=_,she was sent to hospital at once.3.As the problems were solved,the quality has
21、been improved.=The problems _,the quality has been improved.Givenam givenSeriously injuredsolved4.Although he was excited,he pretended to be calm.=_,he pretended to be calm.=_,he pretended to be calm.5.The hunter left his house and his dog followed him.=The hunter left his house,_by his dog.Although
22、 excitedExcitedfollowed.语法填空 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A lot of films have tried to describe the afterlife and our memories of family members,1._ few have done as well as Coco,Disney Pixars 2._(late)masterpiece animation,which hit the big screen on Nov.24,2017.3._(inspire)by the Mexican holida
23、y of Dia de los Muertos Dayof the Dead the films production team created a young boy,Miguel,who wants his family 4._(understand)his love of music.On that years Dia de los Muertos,5._ accident takes him to the Land of the Dead.In thisland,there are friendly skeletons who can cross a bridge 6._(make)o
24、f flower petals to visit their living family that is,as long as their families still put their photos on the family shrine(神龛).Those spirits who 7._(forget)by their families will disappear completely.So its in this magical world 8._ Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-gr
25、andpa.In an era when young people are so 9._(easy)attracted by celebrities,Coco reveals the emptiness of such flattery,teaching kids to preserve and respect the memory of their elders while 10._(remind)them that the source of true creativity is so often from the individual.1.【解析】but。考查连词。句意:很多电影都试图描
26、述我们的来世和我们对家人的回忆,但很少有人能像迪士尼皮克斯公司最新的经典动画片那样成功。前后分句是转折关系,要用并列连词but,故填but。2.【解析】latest。考查形容词。句意:但很少有人能像迪士尼皮克斯公司最新的经典动画片那样成功。最新的latest,故填latest。3.【解析】Inspired。考查非谓语动词。句意:影片团队的灵感来自于墨西哥亡灵节,他们创作了一个小男孩米格尔,他希望他的家人能够理解他对音乐的热爱。inspire与句子主语the films production team 是被动关系,应该使用过去分词,故填Inspired。4.【解析】to understand。考
27、查非谓语动词。want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事,固定结构。不定式作宾语补足语。5.【解析】an。考查冠词。句意:在那一年的亡灵节,一场意外将他带到了亡灵之地。一场意外an accident,accident是以元音音素开头的名词,前边用不定冠词an,故填an。6.【解析】made。考查非谓语动词。bridge与make 是动宾关系,故用make的过去分词形式作定语。7.【解析】are forgotten。考查语态。句意:那些被家人遗忘的灵魂将会完全消失。故填are forgotten。8.【解析】that。考查强调句型。句意:在这个神奇的世界里,米格尔遇见并发现了他的高祖的真相。分析句子可知,此处是强调in this magical world,根据强调句型的结构:It is/was+强调部分+that+其他,故填that。9.【解析】easily。考查副词。句意:在这样一个年轻人容易被名人吸引的时代。容易地easily,作状语修饰attracted,故填easily。10.【解析】reminding。考查非谓语动词。句意:教导孩子们保留和尊重长辈的记忆,同时提醒他们真正的创造力的源泉往往是来自个人。while连接并列成分,表示“与此同时”,前边是teaching,因此用动词-ing形式,故填reminding。
