1、Section Grammar限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句思维导图语法精讲一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as；关系副词有where, when, why。This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。The woman
2、who/that survived the accident is Amys English teacher.在事故中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。He is English, which I know from his accent.他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。I heard a terrible no
3、ise, which brought my heart into my mouth.我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别项目限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式与先行词之间不用逗号隔开与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开功能与先行词的关系十分密切，限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义是先行词的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整先行词先行词一般为单个的名词或代词先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分引导词可用所有的关系代词/副词引导，且关系词作宾语时可省略在所有的关系词中不能用that或why引导
4、非限制性定语从句，且其他引导词不能省略People who take physical exercise live longer.进行体育锻炼的人更长寿。(若把从句去掉，句子意义不完整)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整)Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.彼得开车太快了，这是很危险的。(which指代drive too fast)He changed his mind, which made me
5、 very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句).用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1I shall never forget those years when I lived in the country with the farmers, which has a great effect on my life.2His parents wouldnt marry her to anyone whose family was poor.3Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the who
6、le city, as happened in Tangshan in 1976.4My most famous relative of all, the one who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great grandfather.5Finally the thief handed in everything that he had stolen to the police.6This was the reason that/why he was late yesterday.7Some preschool chi
7、ldren go to a day care center, where they learn simple games and songs.8This is the place where I lived three years ago.9This is the place that/which we visited three years ago.10This is the best dictionary that Ive ever bought.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1Which is known to the world, the 2018 World Cup was held
8、 in Russia.WhichAs2Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.itwhich或在it前加上and3It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.thatas或在lift后加it4Our teacher is very strict with us, that does much good to us.thatwhich或在that前加上and5He will come to see me next July, which he wont be s
9、o busy.whichwhen6The reason why he explained to me is not proper.去掉why或whythat/which7They talked about the things and persons whom they remembered when they were young.whomthat8He has two sons, both of them are teachers.themwhom或在both前加上and.补全句子1I have a cousin who_works_in_a_hospital.我有一个在医院上班的表妹。2
10、Do you like the book whose_color_is_red?你喜欢颜色是红色的书吗？3There are over fifty students in our class, most_of_whom_are_admitted_to the key universities.我们班有50多名学生，大部分都被重点大学录取了。4As_we_all_know,_smoking is harmful to ones health.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。5Alice received an invitation from her boss, which_made_her_surprised.爱丽丝收到了老板的邀请，这让她大为吃惊。
