1、2012高考英语语法专题复习系列课件虚拟语气一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气考题点击：1.I am not free today.If I _free today,I _ and visit some of my friends.A.am will go B.were,would go C.shall be D.be,must go2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday,he _ me from going.A.had been,woul
2、d have prevented B.had been,would prevent C.were,would prevent D.were,would have prevented3.If I were to see Tom,what _ you _ me to tell him?A.are,going to ask B.do,ask C.would,ask D.did,askBAC时态从 句主句表示现在过去时(bewere)should+动词原形would+动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形1.和现在的事实相反一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气时态从 句主句表示过去 had+过去分词
3、should+have+过去分词would+have+过去分词could+have+过去分词might+have+过去分词2.和过去的事实相反时态从 句主句表示将来should+动词原形would+动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形3.和将来的事实相反1)were to+动词原形2)should+动词原形3)动词过去式1.考题点击：1.I went to bed early last night,but I wish I so.A.didnt do B.hadnt done C.havent done D.couldnt do 2.How I wish every family
4、_a large house with a beautiful garden.A.has B.had C.will had D.had had 3.The teacher ordered that students_.A.mustnt smoke B.not smoke C.smoked D.had smoked4.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock.A.finished B.finish C.should finish D.be finished BBBD二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与
5、事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如:1)与现在事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)I wish I were as healthy as you.I wish that I had a plane.2)与过去事实相反:wish+(that)+had doneI wish I had been to the concert last night.I wish you had written to him.3)与将来事实相反:wish+would/could/might+doI wish he would forgive me.2.在某些动词后的宾语
6、从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist;两个命令order,command;三条建议suggest,advise,propose;四项要求demand,request,require,ask;另外有:prefer注意:suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.The doctor suggested that she(should)have an
7、 operation at once.考题点击：1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A.takes B.has to take C.must takeD.take2.It is strange that he _ you this.A.would tell B.should tell C.had told D.has told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in thelibrary.A.should allow B.be allowed C.will be allowed D.is allowedDBB
8、三、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：1.It be+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposedIt is required that nobody(should)smoke here.Its suggested that everybody(should)buy a dictionary.2.It be+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprisin
9、g It is necessary that we(should)have a walk now.Its important that we(should)take good care of the patient.3.It be+名词（a pity/a shame/no wonder）that +(should)+动词原形+考题点击：1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each othe
10、r.A.helped B.must help C.help D.had helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A.be sent B.have sent C.sent D.should sentACA四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在 suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My suggestion is that we(should)leave at o
11、nce.1)表语从句:2)同位语从句:I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.考题点击：1.We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.had known D.have knowing2.He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _.A.may explore B.exploded C.explode D.had explodeCC五、状语从句中的虚拟语气1.用在由as if,as tho
12、ugh引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would+动词原形。It seems as if the man were his brother.This device operated as though it had been repaired.2.用在lest,for fear that和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。She closed the windows lest she catch cold.六、几种特殊的虚拟语气1)虚拟倒装句1.Were it(=If
13、 it were)not for their help,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.2.Had I(=If I had)known about it,I would have told you.3.Should anyone(=If anyone should)call,please take a message.What would have happened,_ as far as the river bank?(01 上海)A.Bob had walked fartherB.B.if Bob should walk fartherC
14、.had Bob walked fartherD.if Bob walked fartherC考题点击：2)错综条件句If you _ him yesterday,you _ what to do now.A.asked would know B.had asked would have knownC.asked him knowD.had asked would knowDIf you hadnt bought the ticket last week,how would you go now?考题点击：3)介词短语表条件But for your help,we couldnt have s
15、ucceeded.Nothing could live without the sun.考题点击：Without your help,we _ such rapid progress.A.couldnt make B.wouldnt makeC.will not have made D.wouldnt have madeD4)情境中提供虚拟语气Suppose there were no gravity,objects would not fall to the ground when dropped.She wasnt feeling very well.Otherwise she would
16、nt have left the meeting so early.考题点击：I went by plane;otherwise I _ much longer time.A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have takenD5)比较if only与only if only if 表示“只有”；I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.if only 则表示“如果就好了”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。If only I knew more.If only the alarm
17、 clock had rung.If only 也可用于陈述语气。If only he comes early.If only grandmother _ this together with us now.A.will see B.could see C.must see D.should seeB考题点击：6)Its(high/low)time 从句：It is(high)time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time tha
18、t the children should go to bed.类似的结构为 would rather 从句：I would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon.考题点击：It is time that you _ the whole book.A.must go over B.can go overC.went over D.have gone overC7)其它手段He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.（连
19、词）I might have given you more help,but I was too busy.（连词）Given more time,we could have done it better.（分词短语）Such mistakes could have been avoided.（通过上下文）高考链接1.（10上 海 29）Sorry,Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh,youhave done it as yesterday was the deadline.A.must B.mustnt C.s
20、hould D.shouldnt答案：C考点：本题考查的是虚拟语气解析：此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should+have+过去分词。本来应该做，而未做。2.（10安徽26）Bob would have helped us yesterday,but he_.A.was busy B.is busy C.had been busy D.will be busy 答案：A考点：本题考查虚拟语气与时态。解析：前句表示对过去的虚拟，而but之后表示过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态。3.（10湖南29）If he my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A
21、.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow答案：C考点：考查虚拟语气。解析：根据“wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。4.（10天津15）John went to the hospital alone.If heme about it,I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told 答案：D考点：考查虚拟语气句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我会跟他一起去的。解析：前一句是陈
22、述语气，说明动发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应该用had+过去分词。5.（10江 苏 34）George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused答案：B 解析：would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式。6.（10陕西15）If we _ the o
23、ther road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式，选B。7.（10北京34）The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much bett
24、er now!And my vegetables.A.wouldnt die B.didnt dieC.hadnt died D.wouldnt have died答案：D考点：考查虚拟语气中对过去的虚拟解析：第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop,my vegetables wouldnt have died.If+had done,主句为couldnt/shouldnt/wouldnt have do
25、ne.8.（10浙江10）Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy.Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved答案：A考点：考查虚拟语气解析：根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy.故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的
26、时间和精力了。9(2009年 高 考 天 津 卷)This printer is of good quality.If it_break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.Awould BshouldCcould Dmight答案：B解析：句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down.10(2009年高考浙江卷)
27、The doctor recommended that you_swim after eating a large meal.Awouldnt BcouldntCneednt Dshouldnt答案：D解析：句意：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。recommend后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)do”，故选D。11(2009年 高 考 安 徽 卷)But for their help，we_the program in time.Acan not finish Bwill not finishChad not finished Dcould not have finish
28、ed答案：D解析：句意：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用could not have finished表示与过去相反。12(2009年高考福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not win Bwould not have wonCwould win Dwould have won答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气用法。句意：要没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。根据句意，可知主句应
29、该使用否定式，而本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B项。13(2008年 高 考 湖 北 卷)_fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.AWould you be BShould you beCCould you be DMight you be答案：B解析：这道题是虚拟条件句的倒装。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were，should或had时，可省略if，再把were，should或had移到从句的句首，实行部分倒装。句意：即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其他福利也不会立刻受到影响。14(
30、2007年 高 考 山 东 卷)They_two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.Ahad got BgotChave got Dget答案：B解析：本题考查混合虚拟语气。本题前面部分是事实，后半句是虚拟语气。15(2007年高考陕西卷)I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps I_have driven her there.Acould BmustCmight Dshould答案：D解析：此题考查情态动词及虚拟语气。句意：我告诉你的朋友如何到那个旅馆，但或许我应该将她送到那里。should have driven her there“本应该开车把她送到那里”。故选D。
