1、综合提升练 规范练 课时 26 定语从句(二)规范练 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练1.宜用 that 不宜用 which 的情况 that 和 which 在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语，指物。作宾语时，均可省略。在通常情况下，可互换使用。但有时宜用 that 不宜用 which。(1)当先行词是不定代词 all，little，few，much，anything，everything，nothing，none 等时。(2)先行词被 all，every，no，some，any，little，the only，the very，few 等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级等修饰时。(4)当
2、先行词既有人又有物时。规范练 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练2.下面两种情况不宜用 that(1)“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词通常用 which 或whom，不能用 that。(2)非限制性定语从句中用 which 或 who 引导，不能用 that。3.the way 后接定语从句且引导词在从句中作状语时，引导词可用 in which，that 或省略不用。规范练 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练4.as 与 which 的用法区别(1)在限制性定语从句中，名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时，关系代词只能用 as。(2)as 和 which 都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有
3、“正如，像”的含义，且可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用 as；而 which 引导的从句只能放在主句后，并无“正如”之意。试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练.单句语法填空 1.We have launched another manmade satellite，_ is announced in todays newspaper.句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事在今天的报纸上被公布了。which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代“发射人造卫星”这件事，在定语从句中作主语。答案：which 试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：没有简单的答案，在科
4、学上情况通常是这样。因句中有逗号，其后面的句子中无连词引导，可判断是定语从句。本句的先行词是空格前的整个句子，有此用法的是 as。as 在句中意为“正如，正像”。as is often the case 常被看作是一个固定搭配，意为“情况通常是这样”。答案：as 2.There is no simple answer，_ is often the case in science.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。分析句子结构可知，题中缺少定语从句的引导词，并且引导词要在从句中作地点状语，所以用where。答案：where 3.Nowad
5、ays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：威廉姆斯展示了一些富有挑战性的方法，在星期日的神秘午餐上用餐者或许会用这些方法吃那道特殊的菜。与 means 搭配的介词是 by。答案：by which 4.Williams shows some challenging means _ diners at their mystery lunch on Sunday might eat the special dish.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头
6、脑风暴针对训练句意：我的祖母生活在一个妇女被看不起的时代。此处用 when 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 generation，when 在从句中作时间状语。答案：when 5.My grandmother lived in a generation _ women were looked down upon.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练根据句子结构判断，所填词引导定语从句，先行词为 the stores，且所填词在从句中作状语，表示地点，所以要用 where。答案：where 6.Most of my friends shop at the stores _ the g
7、oods are very cheap.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：正如报告所显示的，中国人民的生活水平在过去的几十年里得到了改善。这里用 as 引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词 as 指代主句的内容并在从句中作主语。答案：as 7.The living standard of the people in China，_ is shown in the report，has improved over the past decades.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：世界银行行长说，他热爱中国，这种热爱他记得早在童年时就开始了。通过分析
8、句子结构可知，The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China 为主句，通过还原法可知定语从句是 he remembers his passion for China starting as early as his childhood，his passion 用 which 替代。答案：which 8.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_ he remembers starting as early as his chil
9、dhood.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于意识到自己长处的人。先行词为those，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且表示“人”，故填 who。答案：who 9.Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：他最后到了一座完全
10、与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。定语从句修饰的先行词是 island，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词表示“物”，故填 which/that。答案：which/that 10.Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练从句的先行词是 interval，意思是“休息时间”，表示时间
11、，在定语从句中充当时间状语，因此填关系副词 when。答案：when 11.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，_ the audience can buy icecream.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：孩子们因为玩了一整天，都已经筋疲力尽了。先行词为 the children，将先行词代入定语从句后为：All of the children had played the whole day long.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作 of 的宾语，且先行词表示“人”，故只能填 whom。答案：w
12、hom 12.The children，all of _ had played the whole day long，were worn out.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：埃伦是一个画鸟类的画家，出于某种原因，她已退出了所有的社会活动。for some reason 为插入语，可将其去掉，这时可以注意到该复合句中从句缺少主语。该从句为非限制性定语从句，其先行词为 a painter，故填 who。答案：who 13.Ellen was a painter of birds，_，for some reason，had withdrawn from all hum
13、an society.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练此处为“不定代词of关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作定语，所以用 whose。答案：whose 14.My favorite writer is Mo Yan，some of _ novels have a surprising ending.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：“你觉得这本书怎么样？”“它跟我上个月读的那本完全不一样。”分析句子结构可知，空处缺少先行词，应补上先行词 the one，关系代词 that 在从句中充当 read 的宾语，可以省略，故填 the
14、one。答案：the one 15.How do you like the book？Its quite different from _ I read last month.试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：她做这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。此处“the way”后面为定语从句，关系词在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法”，这时通常用 that 或 in which 来引导，也可以省略引导词。答案：去掉 which；或 whichthat；或在 which 前加 in.单句改错 1.I was impressed by the way which she d
15、id it._ 试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：我能认出那本书，那就是他从学校图书馆借来的那本英语书(指同一本书)。此处应用关系代词 that 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“English book”。答案：asthat 2.I can recognize the book.That is the same English book as he borrows from the school library._ 试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练the same.as.指“同样”，the same.that.指“同一”。此处表示这个调皮的男孩和
16、过去不一样了，即现在与过去不一样了。答案：thatas 3.The naughty boy is not the same child that he was._ 试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：这里没有你刚才提及的那种人。先行词是 such 修饰的某一名词时，定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，因此把 that 改为 as。答案：thatas 4.There is no such man here that you mentioned just now._ 试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练句意：Tom 是一个如此出色的孩子，我们都喜欢他。su
17、ch.that 引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。答案：asthat 5.Tom is such a good boy as we all love him._ 试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练先行词为 the only book 且关系词在定语从句中作主语，定语从句中谓语动词的数应与其先行词的数保持一致，the only book 表示“只有一本书”，故使用单数谓语动词。答案：areis 6.This is the only book that are borrowed from the library._ 试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练先行
18、词 those 在这里指人，在定语从句中作 want 的主语，故使用关系代词 who。答案：thatwho 7.Those that want to have a try put up your hands，please._ 试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练先行词为 the magazine，关系词在定语从句中作 cover 的定语，表示所属关系，故使用关系代词 whose。答案：thatwhose 8.Please pass me the magazine that cover is blue._ 试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练先行词为 two
19、daughters，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作 each of 的宾语，故使用关系代词 whom。答案：themwhom 9.Mr.Zhang has two daughters，each of them is lovely._ 试题 解析 规范练 答案 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练先行词 the time 在定语从句 my mother told stories to me 中充当状语，可还原为 my mother told stories to me at the time，故使用表示时间的关系副词 when。答案：aswhen 10.I remember the time as my
20、mother told stories to me._ 试题 规范练 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练.短文改错 I like eating fruit and vegetables what are of great benefit to our healthy.Not only do they prevent us from falling into ill，but they help us lose weight.I used to hate vegetables，but follow the doctors advice，I gradually kicked the bad habit.J
21、ust as the old saying go，“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”However，there are still many children dislike fruit and vegetables.On contrary，influenced by this or that kind of advertisement，many are crazy about junk food.Consequently，they are becoming weaker and weaker instead of getting strong.In
22、 my opinion，we must take actions to changing it.答案 规范练 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练答案：I like eating fruit and vegetables whatthat/which are of great benefit to our healthyhealth.Not only do they prevent us from falling into ill,but they help us lose weight.I used to hate vegetables,but followfollowing the doctors
23、 advice,I gradually kicked the bad habit.Just as the old saying gogoes，答案 规范练 综合提升练 头脑风暴针对训练“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”However,there are still many children who/that/dislikedisliking fruit and vegetables.On the contrary,influenced by this or that kind of advertisement,many are crazy abou
24、t junk food.Consequently,they are becoming weaker and weaker instead of getting strongstronger.In my opinion,we must take actionsaction to changingchange it.规范练 试题 综合提升练26 综合提升练 话题阅读生活经验及建议.阅读理解 子话题 新年决心 体裁 说明文 用时 Declaring your New Years resolution may not be the best way to get serious about perso
25、nal goals.Researchers from four universities across the United States have found that asking questions is a more effective method in keeping up with resolutions after theyve been made.For example，instead of promising to exercise in the New Year，it would be more effective to ask yourself，or someone e
26、lse，“Will you exercise this year？”规范练 综合提升练 试题 More than 100 studies covering 40 years of research were examined by the team from the University of California，Irvine，the University at Albany，State University of New York，the University of Idaho and Washington State University.The team looked at the“q
27、uestionbehaviour effect”，in which asking questions regarding a particular subject will influence future decisions.The findings，discussed in the Journal of Consumer Psychology，suggest that this type of questioning can produce 规范练 综合提升练 试题 consistent，meaningful changes(in behavior).Asking a simple que
28、stion will prompt(激起；促使)a psychological response，which will influence later decisions.If a person is asked“Will you recycle？”they may be reminded that recycling is beneficial to the environment，which will make them feel uncomfortable if they do not do it，the research says.To avoid this，the person wi
29、ll then recycle.This same principle can be applied to other forms of social behaviour，like cheating on college exams，exercising，or recycling.规范练 综合提升练 试题 “We found the effect is strongest when questions are used to encourage behaviour with personal and socially accepted norms，such as eating healthy
30、foods or volunteering，”said Eric R.Spangenberg，the first author and headmaster of the Paul Merage School of Business，University of California，Irvine.“Also it can be used effectively to even influence a consumer purchase，such as a new computer.”规范练 综合提升练 试题 Researchers also found that it was best not
31、 to provide a specific time frame for the goal.While the“questionbehaviour effect”was widely found to maintain its influence over time，one of the researchers found that habitual behaviour，like drinking or skipping class，would not have such positive results.For the best outcome，asking yourself a ques
32、tion this New Years Eve may lead to healthier decisions in the year ahead.语篇解读 研究表明，用提问的方式询问人们的新年决心是督促他们实现目标的有效方式。规范练 试题 解析 答案 综合提升练 1.From the first paragraph，if parents want to encourage their children to study hard this year，the more effective words may be _.A.“What resolutions will you make？”B.“
33、Will you study hard this year？”C.“You should promise to study hard.”D.“You should keep up with your classmates.”细节理解题。根据第一段中的“.have found that asking questions is a more effective method in keeping up with resolutions after theyve been made.”和文章中给出的例子：.“Will you exercise this year？”可知，鼓励人们实现目标的更有效方法
34、是提问。因此选 B。答案：B 规范练 综合提升练 2.What can we infer from the second paragraph？A.The“questionbehaviour effect”will be studied further by researchers.B.The“questionbehaviour effect”has little effect on future decisions.C.The“questionbehaviour effect”may be effective in stopping students from cheating.D.The“q
35、uestionbehaviour effect”makes people only create positive psychological responses.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This same principle can be applied to other forms of social behaviour，like cheating on college exams，exercising，or recycling.”可知，“提问效应”会对一些社会行为产生影响。所以可推断出，“提问效应”很可能会有效阻止学生作弊。因此选 C。答案：C 试题 解析 答案 规范练 试题 解析
36、答案 综合提升练 3.The underlined word“norms”in the third paragraph can be replaced by“_”.A.standards B.ideas C.actions D.measures 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“We found the effect is strongest when questions are used to encourage behaviour with personal and socially accepted norms，such as eating healthy foods or volunteer
37、ing，”.可知，当用提问的方式鼓励人们实行个人和社会普遍接受的准则时，效果是最明显的。所以可推断出，“norm”意为“准则”。因此选 A。答案：A 规范练 试题 解析 答案 综合提升练 4.The researcher found the“questionbehaviour effect”may not have such positive results with _.A.social behaviour B.voluntary behaviour C.habitual behaviour D.negative behaviour 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“.one of the res
38、earchers found that habitual behaviour，like drinking or skipping class，would not have such positive results.”可知，“提问效应”对习惯性行为可能不会产生明显的效果。因此选 C。答案：C 规范练 试题 综合提升练.阅读填句 子话题 友谊 体裁 说明文 用时 A pen pal is an old tradition but one that has proved to be invaluable in teaching youngsters how to learn a foreign l
39、anguage._1_ Now because of email，we can swap regular updates with our pen pals as often as we want to.Get started.规范练 试题 综合提升练 Decide where you want your pen pals to be from，how old you want them to be，whether you want a male or female pen pal and so on._2_ Also，you can write to a few local magazine
40、s or newspapers.If you have friends and they are members of a pen pal scheme，then why not see if any of their pen pals friends would also like to find pen pals？Correct each other.规范练 试题 综合提升练 Agree on some basic rules with your pen pal.For example，you are an English speaker.As many countries teach E
41、nglish in schools，there is a good chance that your pen pal may be able to speak English better than you speak his language._3_ The most important thing is to learn from each other and make improvements by correcting each others letters or emails.It may be that your pen pal is happy to write in his o
42、wn language._4_ But if he wants to write in English and you in his language，the best way to make sure you are learning and not repeating mistakes is to send a copy of the previous letter back，with mistakes corrected.规范练 试题 综合提升练 _5_ When you feel like you have built up a good relationship with your
43、pen pal，it may be time to speak on the phone or even meet in person to start practising your speaking and listening skills.Once you have spoken，arrange a trip to visit each other.Make sure you meet in a safe place.规范练 试题 综合提升练 A.Do not let this discourage you.B.Speak and visit each other.C.No one wo
44、uld know what you have in common.D.Then you can search the Internet for pen pal websites to join.E.A pen pal today no longer means a friend you write to and get letters from every month.F.You may end up making a very good friend.G.In that case，you will have the benefit of reading as well as writing.
45、语篇解读 本文向我们介绍了如何寻找笔友，以及如何与笔友交流、会面等问题。规范练 解析 答案 综合提升练 1.根据前面的“A pen pal is an old tradition.”和后面的“Now because of email，we can swap regular updates with our pen pals as often as we want to.”可知，E 项能很好地衔接上下文，故选 E 项。答案：E 2.空后说“你也可以给一些当地的杂志或报纸写信”，Also 在这里表示递进关系，再结合空前的内容可以判断出，D 项符合题意。答案：D 3.根据空处前后文的叙述可知，A 项
46、正确。答案：A 规范练 解析 答案 综合提升练 4.根据前面的“It may be that your pen pal is happy to write in his own language.”，再结合空后的叙述可知，G 项符合题意。答案：G 5.本题位于小标题的位置，根据前面出现过的两个小标题“Get started”和“Correct each other”可知，在结构上只有 A 项和 B 项符合要求，然后从最后两段提供的信息“speak on the phone or even meet in person”和“Make sure you meet in a safe place.”可以判断出，B 项正确。答案：B规范练(二十六)本课内容结束规范练 综合提升练
