1、2021高考英语重难词汇短语梳理与阅读练习（十七）一：词汇梳理1. myth /m/ n.神话错误的观念2. fiction /fkn/ n.小说虚构(的事)3. engage /nged/ vi.参加 vt.雇用占用(时间等)4. engagement /ngedmnt/ n.约会订婚5. cement /sment/ n.水泥胶合剂 vt.胶合巩固6. mo(u)ld /muld/ n.模子，铸型 vt.浇铸，塑造，使成形7. cargo /kgu/ n.(船或飞机装载的)货物(量)8. glow /glu/ n.光辉 vi.发光发红9. preface /prefs/ n.序言 vt.作
2、为的开端10. define /dfan/ vt.限定，规定给下定义11. glorious /glris/ a.壮丽的，辉煌的光荣的12. potential /ptenl/ a.潜在的 n.潜力,潜能可能性13. diplomat /dplmt/ n.外交家，外交官有手腕的人14. fulfil(l) /fulfl/ vt.履行满足15. industrial /ndstril/ a.工业的，产业的工业发达的16. industrialize /ndstrilaz/ v.(使)工业化17. suppose /spuz/ vt.猜想以为假定，假设期望，认为应该18. depict /dpkt
3、/ vt.描绘描写，描述19. outlet /autlet/ n.(液体、气体的)出口(感情等的)发泄方法20. deduct /ddkt/ vt.(from)扣除，减去21. fatal /fetl/ a.致命的灾难性的，毁灭性的22. entitle /ntatl/ vt.给取名给予权利(或资格)23. sponsor /spns/ n.发起人赞助商 vt.发起资助24. commence /kmens/ v.开始，着手25. intact /ntkt/ a.完好无损的26. bet /bet/ n.赌，赌注预计 v.赌，打赌27. fertile /ftal/ a.肥沃的能繁殖的，能生
4、育的28. convince /knvns/ vt.使确信，使信服29. feature /fit/ n.特写或专题节目特征 v.以为特色30. trait /tret/ n.特征,特点,特性二：短语梳理1.by design 故意地=on purpose2.die out 灭绝die of /from 死于(内因)/（外因）die off 一一死去3.on a diet 节食4.be different from与不同 differ from不同于. make a /no difference to 对.有/没有不同（影响） tell the difference between A and
5、 B 区分与A与B =tell A from B 5. have difficulty/trouble with sth/（in） doing sth.做有困难 6 .dive into 迅速把手伸入 一心投入7 .dig up/out 挖出8. have dinner 吃晚饭9 .in this direction 朝这个方向in all directions 朝四面八方10. within walking distance of my house 离我家一步之遥三：阅读训练Weve all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an
6、 airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem?Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward
7、 and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget
8、that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins
9、with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an intera
10、ction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But
11、 interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Sma
12、ll talk is the basis of good manners,”he says. 1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.2.What is important for successful small talk accord
13、ing to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises peoples confidence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel go
14、od.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable Silence答案1.C细节理解题。题干句意:第一段描述的是什么现象?根据第一段描述(无论我们身在何处,在电梯里、在银行排队或者在飞机上,我们周围的人或是像我们一样在埋头看智能手机,或是更坏,在和令人不安的沉默做斗争)可知,C项“陌生人之间缺乏交流”和首段描述一致,故答案为C项。A项“手机控”只是该段描述现象时举的例子;B项“公共场合的不恰
15、当行为”与首段意思不符;D项“对缓慢的服务缺乏耐心”和第一段的描述无关。2.B细节理解题。题干句意:根据Carducci的说法,对于成功的闲聊来说什么是重要的?根据第三段最后一句(成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何同他人建立联系而不仅仅是同他们交流)可知,B项“能够理解并认同他人”符合题意,故答案为B项。本题干扰项为A“显示良好的行为举止”,错因在于锁定的句子“最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)”和题干要求不一致,答非所问;D项“做生意”受第三段第三句(几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一单大的生意都源于闲聊)的影响,犯了逻辑推理错误;C项“聚焦一个话题”在文中没有涉及。3.D推理判断题。题干句意:关
16、于闲聊,咖啡店调研表明了什么?根据第四段中的内容(结果表明那些同服务生闲聊的人明显有更高的积极情感和较好的咖啡店体验。不是同服务生交谈比和你的丈夫交谈更好,而是同社交网络的边缘人员的互动也对我们的健康和幸福很重要)可知,D项“它使得人们感觉良好”与题意相符,故答案为D项。A项“它改善家庭关系”、B项“它提升人们的自信” 和C项“它和正式交谈一样重要”在文章中没有涉及,属于主观臆断。4.C主旨大意题。题干句意:文章最好的标题是什么?根据第二段最后一句(专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的极有价值的社交行为)以及最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)可知,C项“闲聊的益处”与题干要求一致,故答案为C项。A项“会话很重要”为干扰项,错在偷换概念,conversation(会话, 交谈)和small talk(闲谈)不是一个概念;文章没有就闲聊的方式或方法做具体的解释,故排除B项“进行闲聊的方式”;D项“令人不安的沉默”只是第一段提到的现象之一,而不是文章的主旨。
