1、HowtowriteEnglishComposition?Step1:Basic Sentence Patterns:就是“主语+不同的谓语结构”千变万化的英文句子都是由它们演变而成的。英文的基本句型有五种，它们是：主语-系动词-表语（SVC）主语-动词（SV）主语-动词-宾语（SVO）主语-动词-宾语-宾语（SVOO）主语-动词-宾语-宾语补足语（SVOC）一、主语-系动词-表语（SVC）英文的谓语动词分两大类：一类是系动词；另一类是实义动词。系动词后接的部分可称为表语；也可称为（主语）补足语，因为这一部分的主要功能是对主语进行说明、补充。例如：This machine is in good
2、 condition.这台机器的情况良好。The garden smells pleasant.这座花园香气怡人。Silk feels soft and smooth.丝绸摸起来又软又滑。英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有：become（变成)look（看上去）seem(看起来）get（变得）feel（摸起来）grow（变得）turn（变成）remain（仍然是）come（变得）fall（变得）hold（保持）keep（保持）stand（保持）stay（保持）smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）taste（尝起来）等二、主语
3、-动词（SV）这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语；但常带有状语。例如：The water is boiling.They have been waiting there for hours.The train will leave soon.The flags are waving in the wind.三、主语-动词-宾语（SVO）这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去。），否则会视为“句子不完整”。He has
4、 a sister.They wanted to have a rest.。She successfully carried out her plan.四、主语-动词-宾语-宾语（SVOO）此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语常见的这类谓语动词有：give bring tell send leave pass read write take show teach get award lend rent buy pay hand recommend 等。例如：She brought me a shirt.她给我带来一件衬衣。Pass him the dictionary,please.请将词典递给他。
5、I lend him my bicycle.我把自行车借给他了。五、主语-动词-宾语-宾语补足语（SVOC）此句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语+宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语做什么、怎么样等方面进行补充说明，从意义和结构上来说是必不可少。President appointed John manager of Marketing.The news made me happy.He heard somebody opening the door.2.句子的结构分类如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三个类别：简单句（Simple Sente
6、nce），并列句（Compound Sentence）复合句（Complex Sentence）。这里所说的结构，主要是指句子中主语和谓语之间所构成的关系。1)简单句（Simple Sentence）简单句只有一个主谓关系。句子可能有两个或更多并列的主语，也可能有两个或更多并列的谓语，但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。例如：China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.（两个主语，一个谓语）中国和中国人民在以非常的速度日益进步。2)并列句（Compound Sentence）并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。
7、A.表示转折意思:but,yet,however,nevertheless 例：Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself.一切都是身外之物，只用健康属于自己。B.表示并列关系and,or,eitheror,neither/nor,not onlybut(also),bothand,as well as例：She came to my house yesterday evening,and Iwent to hers.昨晚她来我家了，我却去她家了。3)复合句（Complex Sentence）复合句
8、明显地不同于简单句，因为它有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。而复合句中的主谓结构之间的关系不是并列的、对等的，其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的，其他的主谓结构都从属于那个主要的主谓结构。那个主要的主谓结构称作句子的主句（Main Clause）；其他的主谓结构称作句子的从句或子句（Subordinate Clause）。请看下列句子：1.Because they talk at home while the television is on,many people think they can talk at movies(影院)as well.2.There is disagreement among
9、 economists about what money is and how money is measured.3.Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government.如果将上面所有的从句都独立出来，那将是这样的：Because they talk at home while the television is onwhat money is and how money is measuredthat people pay to support their government 由于上面这些句子既不是陈述句，
10、也不是疑问句，所以它们无法独立地表达意思。这种情况就是与并列句的区别所在Type1:Health1.How to keep healthy 2.Protect Your Eyesight3.The Eating Patterns4.My Lifestyle5.The importance of sports例文1:健康状况最近的调查表明，在过去的3年中我校学生的健康状况越来越糟，患近视的学生已从2002年的782增长到今年的925，而超重的学生已从36增长到524。由于过多的家庭作业，有将近10的学生缺乏睡眠；此外，超过15的学生精神不健康。为提高学生的健康状况，我们需要减少家庭作业。惟如此，
11、学生才能得到足够的睡眠，降低近视率。为保持体形，合理的饮食和锻炼也应当引起重视。没有了繁重的负担，学生也会有良好的精神状态。Health A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going from bad to worse in the past three years.The number of short-sighted students has increased from 78.2%in 2002 to 92.5%this year,while that of overw
12、eight students from 36%to 52.4%.Nearly 10%more students dont have enough sleep because of more homework.Besides,over 15%more students become mentally unhealthy.To improve students health,we call for less homework.Only in this way can students get plenty of sleep and be more healthy.Proper diets and
13、exercise should also be paid attention to so that they wont easily put on weight.With their heavy burdens removed,students can then keep in normal mental health.Some more example sentences:1.By eating properly and exercising regularly,I can keep my body at a proper weight and keep healthy.2.By spend
14、ing time with my friends,I can keep my mind as well as my body happy.3.All in all,sports is a wonderful section of our lives.4.Sports can make our health,someone said,health is the first wealth.Everyone has a good health body that is necessary.So sports play a important role of our lives.5.If you ob
15、ey the rules above,I think,you may prevent your eyesight from becoming short-sighted.例文2:Smoking and Health We meet smokers everywhere.There are 6.5 billion people in the world,and about 1.2 billion of them are smokers,which make up to 20 percent of the worlds total population.Smoking is very harmfu
16、l.First,smoking costs a great deal of money.It wastes 200 billion dollars each year in the world.Second,smoking does harm to the health of smokers and even the people near them.About 3 million people die of diseases caused by smoking every year.Luckily,more and more people have come to realize the g
17、reat harm of smoking.To our delight the total amount of world tobacco production has dropped from over 14 billion pounds in 2000 to 7 billion pounds in 2003.It is certain that the number of smokers will further decrease gradually.Type2:environmentSaving Our City Stop Polluting the Water Reuse the Wa
18、stes 例文1:拯救地球处理城市垃圾是一个非常重要的问题。首先，垃圾会导致污染。它会污染空气、水和人们居住的场所。其次，它会危害人类健康。Saving Our Earth It is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities.For one thing,rubbish may cause a lot of pollution.It may pollute the air,the water and the places we live in.For another,it may do harm to peoples health.所以
19、我们在城市中，垃圾得到了妥善处理。我们首先将垃圾分类，然后可将旧报纸和玻璃制品进行再生利用。有害的废物要被掩埋，污水要在净化后才排入河流。政府已经制定了规章，禁止垃圾污染。So in our city,rubbish is well dealt with.First,it is sorted.Then old newspapers and glass are recycled.The harmful wastes are buried and the waste water is cleaned before it goes into the river.The government has
20、already made laws against pollution caused by rubbish.仅仅这些还不够。我们大家必须竭尽全力防止拉圾污染环境以及拯救我们的城市，拯救我们的家园。But thats not enough.We must all try our best to prevent rubbish from polluting the environment so as to save our city and our living place.1.It reports that water pollution exists not only in Haihe Riv
21、er but also in some other rivers,lakes and seas in our country.2.With the motto New Beijing,Great Olympics,Beijing promises to host a Green Olympics,a Hi-tech Olympics and the Peoples Olympics.3.Now more and more people have realized how serious the problem is.Our government is doing its best to tak
22、e measures to fight against pollution.假如你是某中学学生刘明。最近，你班同学正在参加21世纪英文报“大家谈”栏目的一个讨论。本次话题为：“父母有没有必要陪读?”请你根据下表所列情况给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论的情况，词数100-1200 Accompany Us StudyingDear editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether our parents should accompany us studying at school在这个问
23、题上我们有不同的观点.70的同学认为父母不应当陪读，这样会使我们养成依赖的坏习惯，而不利于养成学习的好习惯，更严重的是，它不利于我们将来自控能力的培养；同时，它影响了父母的工作、学习和休息。We do have different opinions on this matter.Most of us(about 70%)think our parents should not accompany us studying at school since it make us fall into the habit of dependence,so that we wont form the go
24、od habit of studying.Whats more,it is harmful for us to form the habit of controlling ourselves.At the same time it affects our parents work,studies and rest 30的学生认为父母有必要陪读。陪读使我们有更多的时间学习，使我们的身体更健康；另一方面，陪读能帮助我们确立学习目标，督促我们完成学习任务，鼓励我们独立解决困难，养成良好的学习习惯。While about 30%of my classmates think it necessary f
25、or our parents to accompany us studying at school.Accompanying us studying at school can let us have more time to study.Besides,we shall be more healthy with their care.On the other hand our parents can help us set up our aim,urge us to finish our task,encourage us to overcome difficulties and get u
26、s into the good habit of studying.1.In my opinion,it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it break the rules of schools.We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations.Whats more,we should improve our study methods and get well prepa
27、red for examinations.2.They know what they want and will never give up whatever difficulties they come across.3.They listen to the teachers attentively and answer the teachers questions actively in class and do what the teachers ask them to do after class.Type3:personsTrue friendshipTrue friendshipT
28、rue friendship isnt seen with the eyes;Its felt with the heart when there is trust,understanding,secrets,loyalty,and sharing.Friendship is a feeling rarely found in life,but when it is found it has a profound impact on ones well-being,strength,and character.My aunt Jennifer is an actress.She must be
29、 at least thirty-five years old.In spite of this,she often appears on the stage as a young girl.Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.This time,she will be a girl of seventeen.In the play,she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.Last year in another play,she had to
30、 wear short socks and a bright,orange-coloured dress.If anyone ever asks her how old she is,she always answers,Darling,it must be terrible to be grown up!Key structuresmust 的用法must+原形1.=have to 不得不，必须must;have to 的区别have to 可以有任意时态must 只有两种时态：现在时，将来时；在过去时的句子中，要用have to来表示“必须”e.g:You mustnt talk like
31、 that.你可不能这样说话。(表示必要、命令或强制)必须 2.（对现在的）推测 对现在的推测 must do 对过去的推测 must have done E.g:This must be your room.这一定是你的房间了。(表示肯定的推测)一定是,谅必,八成 Exe:他一定是把书拿走了,因为书已不在这里了 He must have taken the book since it isnt here.Special difficultiesas1.介词“作为”As a young girl.2.代词“正如”As I learned,.3.连词=because“由于”As I am bus
32、y.4.连词=when“当时”As I was leaving the house,.5.方式状语从句的引导词 Do as you are told.叫你怎么做你就怎么做。6.“作为工作”I work as.If you park your car in the wrong place,a traffic policeman will soon find it.You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.However,this does not always happen.Traffic police are somet
33、imes very polite.During a holiday in Sweden,I found this note on my car:sir,we welcome you to our city.This is a No Parking area.You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs.This note is only a reminder.If you receive a request like this,you cannot fail to obey it!随着多媒体的进步,
34、多媒体已经走进很多课堂.课间休息时,有些学校利用它来播放音乐.你班就”课间是否要播放音乐”展开讨论.请你根据下表所提供的信息用英语写一篇短文 Most of the students think play music have a activity atmosphere.The peaceful music can makes students good preparations for the next class.During the break is needed quicte classroom.playing music makes active atmosphere can mak
35、e students prepare for the next class wellWhat we need is a quiet classroom.It can reduce our tired.The rest students thinking that advice isnt satisfying.They feel the rest time is too short to music lead to expacted effects.tirednessThe rest of the students think thattoo short to play music and it
36、 may not lead to the expected effects.Our class held a discussion about whether music should be played during the break or not.The opinions are divided.Most of the students think that music should be played.As we know,music can produce a lively and happy atmosphere.Besides,after hard study,music can
37、 bring us relaxation,which reduces the tiredness.This can help us make full preparations for the next class.Listening to music also makes us feel happy.On the other hand,some students dont think so.In their opinion,they cant get expected effect from playing music,for the class break time is too shor
38、t.What needed most during the class break time is quietness instead of noise produced by music.In my opinion,it is good to play some soft and peaceful music instead of loud music during the class break.In this way students can enjoy music as well as have a good rest.Besides,I suggest choosing some m
39、usic that is suitable for middle school students.A big earthquake hit Sichuan Province on May 12,2008.After the earthquake happened,all Chinese around the world united and showed their selflessness to the world.At the same time,a teacher ran out of the classroom alone when the earthquake happened,le
40、aving all his students behind.This event caused controversy in society.Supporters thought escaping from danger is human beings natural reaction.Life is equal.But in my opinion,it is wrong of this teacher to desert all his students in face of danger.His deeds damaged a teachers sacred image.All his students were kids after all.They needed help and guidance happened.In a word,it is a shame for a teacher to desert all his students at any time.Thank you!
