1、八年级英语上册语法知识Unit 1 Happy Holiday第一类 复合不定代词一般用于肯定句，作单三人称代词用。someone 某人somebody 某人 (sb.)something 某物 (sth.)Someone wanted to help me .Maybe somebody took away my books .There is something red in the cup .Look ! Someone is crying there.特殊表达吃、喝，希望得到肯定回答时，可用于疑问句 。I m thisty . Would you give me something t
2、o drink ?第二类 复合不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中anyone 某人anybody 某人anything 某物Is there anything important I can do for you ?There isnt anyone in the room .If anybody is here , I will go .特殊用于肯定句，表示“任何人，任何物。Anything is useful for Tony.Anyone else can walk with me .You should ask anybody young for help.第三类 复合不定代词一
3、般用作单三主语，表示否定含义。no one 没人none 没人nobody 没人nothing 什么也没有No one knows what our life will be like .None of them came here.Nobody really knows.There s nothing interesting in today s newspaper.Unit 2 Home Sweet Home一、情态动词can、could特点1.表示说话人的语气和态度2意义不完整，后加动词原形一起作谓语3没有人称和数的变化4没有不定式、动名词和分词形式5只有现在式和过去式2种形式二、含义和
4、用法原形 过去式能，会 can could不能，不会 can t couldn t1.表请求Can you help me ?（直接请求，语气随意）Could you help me ?（礼貌、委婉请求）2.表许可Can I put flowers here ?（熟人语气）Could I put flowers here ?（礼貌，试探语气）肯定回答Sure ./No problem . / Of course./OK!/Great否定回答（不礼貌语气)No , I can t./No,you cant.（礼貌语气）Sorry , but /Im very sorry.三、句型(主语 I /
5、we /he / she / they / you/it/my friend/my parents)肯定句式：主语 can / could 动词原形其它He can dance .I could swim last week.My parents can speak English.否定句式：主语 can t / couldn t 动词原形其它He can t dance .I couldnt play the piano when I was young.一般疑问句式：Can / Could 主语动词原形其它?Can you play with me? Sure!Could I go hom
6、e? Sorry,you cant.特殊疑问句式：疑问词 can / could 主语动词原形其它+？What can you do?Where can you swim ?Unit 3 Same or Different?一、形容词和副词有原级、比较级二、原级1常用 very 、so 、too 、quite 修饰He is very tall .She is too young to go to school.Tony runs so fast .The room is quite big .2.常用句型 as 原级 as . not + as / so 原级 as .Tony is as
7、old as Kate .Mary is not as young as Tom .三、比较级1.含义：更2.课本中出现的比较级词汇more smarter fasterlarger cooler warmertaller better earlierlouder slimmer shortermore serious more colourful3.比较级构成单音节词1词尾加er smaller higher taller2不发音的e结尾的词，加-r nicer finer wider3重读闭音节，双写末尾字母，加er bigger hotter thinner4.辅音家母y 结尾 y i
8、，加erearlyearlier happyhappierdrydrier lazy lazier shy shier多音节词部分双音节词词前moremore beautiful more deliciousmore colourful more tired不规则比较级good / well bettermany / much morebad / ill/ badly worsefar farther / further5.下列词无比较级right final wrong excellent last empty golden roundfirst favourite wooden impos
9、sible square四用法1.a littlea bita fewmuch 比较级evenfarstillanystillany2.the 比较级 of +3.the 比较级， the 比较级，表示越，越.4.比较级 and 比较级，表示越来越5.比较级+than+any other/the other/anyone elseUnit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals一、形容词和副词有最高级二、含义三者或三者以上 “最”三、最高级构成单音节词1一般词尾加est smallest highest tallest2不发音的e结尾的词，加-st nicest finest
10、 widest3重读闭音节，双写末尾字母，加est biggest hottest thinnest4.辅音家母y 结尾 y i ，加estearlyearliest happyhappiestdrydriest lazy ladiest shy shiest多音节词部分双音节词词前mostmost beautiful most deliciousmost colourful most tired不规则最高级good / well bestmany / much mostbad / ill/ badly worstfar farthest / furthestlittleleastoldold
11、est/eldest用法1.形容词最高级前一般带the2.the+形容词最高级+名词He is the most careful boy in Class Two.3.下列情况形容词最高级前可不用 the已有指示代词That youngest gilr is my sister.已有物主代词Our best English teacher is Ms Liu .已有所有格It was Toms busiest day .最高级连用，后面一个不带 thePlease give that biggest and freshest apple to me .4比较等级之间可以转换原级与比较级转换Th
12、is bike is not as old as that one . This bike is newer than that one .比较级与比较级转换This bag is bigger than that one.That bag is smaller than this one.比较级与最高级转换He is taller than any other student in Calss Two. He is the tallest student in Class Two.最高级主要句型1.主谓 the 最高级 of / in +This is the most interestin
13、g movie of all.2.主谓 one of the 最高级复数名词Emma is one of the tallest girls in class.3.Which / Who 谓 the 最高级， A ，B or C?4.Which boy is the tallest, Tom, Zhang Peng or Tony?主+谓+the 序数词最高级单名 in +He is the second youngest student in Group 3.副词最高级前一般省 the动词副词最高级play basketball bestdraw most quicklyHe runs fa
14、stest .Which student jumped highest?Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal!一、感叹句1.表达喜怒哀惧等强烈感情的句子2.句末有感叹号！二、what 引导的感叹句结构1.What+ a / an 形容词单数可数名词（主谓）!What a pretty hat（ it is ）!What an amazing day （it is）!2.What形容词不可数名词复数可数名词（主谓）!What delicious food （it is） !What beautiful flowers（ they are） !3.少数口语交际场合，可省略形容词
15、What a mess it is !What luck we have !三、how 引导的感叹句结构1.How形副(主谓）!How delicious （the dish looks） ！How fluently （she speaks English） ！2.How形 a / an 单数可数名词（主谓）!How beautiful a park （it is）！How strong an elephant （that is） !3.How主谓！How I want to be a teacher!How they ran fast !四、其它特别形式感叹句1陈述句!She is so b
16、eautiful ！2疑问句!Isnt he right !3祈使句!Be quiet!4句首感叹词句子!Ah , that is what I want !5感叹词!Hi !Hooray ！6短语!Good idea !Delicious food!Unit 6 Plan for Yourself一、一般将来时含义：表示将要发生的事，常和表将来时间状语连用二、be going to 动词原形含义：表主观打算做某事三、理解：be 包含 am , is , are ，随主语人称变化而选用1.I am2.he is / she is / it is/Emma is 3.they are /we a
17、re/you are/my parents are四、be going to 各种句型1肯定句主 be going to 动原（其它）She is going to take acting classes .We are going to take a hobby next term.2.否定句主 be + not going to 动原（其它）I m not going to take a hot bath .They re not going to live in Beijing.3.一般疑问句Be 主 going to 动原（其它）？Is he going to take a taxi
18、?Are you going to see them next month?4.特殊疑问句疑问词 be 主 going to 动原?How are you going to do that?What else are you going to do?五、某些短暂性动词（go come leave arrive meet)用现在进行时表将要做某事1.She is leaving early tomorrow .2.They are coming here!3. Tom is meeting his parents at the airport next weekend.Unit 7 When T
19、omorrow Comes一、情态动词shall will1.表示说话人的语气和态度2.不能独立作谓语，后须接动词原形一起作谓语3. 否定形式分别是shan t ， won t4.没有人称和数的变化，主语适合于各种人称二、shall 的用法1.一般用于第一、第三人称作主语的疑问句，表征求意见可以，好吗？Shall I close the door ?我可以关门吗？Shall he go to the party?他可以去参加聚会吗？Shall we have a class meeting tomorrow ?明天我们开个班会，好吗？2用于肯定句第一人称，表“将会”，正式书面语中We shal
20、l have a lot of work to do.I shall be there at 7 o clock .第二、三人称，表允许，命令，警告语气等You shall do as he says .你必须按他说的做。She shall be punished if she is late for meeting.如果会议迟到她将会受到惩罚。三、will 表示将来时态作情态动词用，主语适用于各种人称用法1.表“请求，建议，邀请 ”语气Will you please help me with this task ?Will you help me with my homework ?Will
21、 you go with us ?2.表“将会，愿意，想要，决心要”等语气、态度I will go to the supermarket tomorrow .They will climb mountains next weekend .She will visit her grandparents next Tuesday.表习惯或特性，总是Tom will eat an apple after dinner.Jane will keep asking silly questions .四、句型结构肯定句：主 will / shall 动词原形（其它）否定句：主 won t / shan t
22、 动词原形+（其它）一般疑问问句： Will / Shall 主动词原形（其它）？特殊疑问句： 疑问词 will / shall 主动词原形（其它）？五、shall引导的一般疑问句Shall I / we 的回答1肯定回答Yes , please .Yes ,you should.Sure,that sounds good.OK,go ahead .2否定回答No , thanks .Sorry.No , I dont think so .I m afraid not .Better not , thanks .That depends .六、Will引导的一般疑问句的Will you / h
23、e / she 的回答1.肯定回答Yes ，主语 will .Sure .All right .Yes ,please .OK!2.否定回答No,主语+wont.No,thank you!Sorry ,I cant.Im very sorry.Unit 8 Lets Communicate!一、条件状语从句在主从复合句中作条件状语的从句。引导词有if(如果），as long as（只要），unless（除非）等。二、本单元主要学习if引导的真实条件状语从句。三、结构1.主句 if 从句. 2.If+从句，主句.四、在if 引导的真实条件状语从句中，主句一般有下面3种情况：1主将从现（主句一般将
24、来时，从句一般现在时）We will make snowmen if it snows tomorrow.I will go hiking if it doesnt rain.I will be happy if everyone pays attention to me .2.主情从现（主句含情态动词 can may must 等，从句用一般现在时）You can t go if you don t finish your homework .May I take photos here if I give you money?You cant talk if the teacher is
25、in class.3.主祈从现（主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时）Call me if you need help .Dont argue with them if you dont agree with others.Please let us know if you have any special needs.五、条件从语从句如果放在句首，一般用逗号隔开You will make progress if you study hard.If you study hard, you will make progress.I will be happy if everyone pays attention to me . If everyone pays attention to me ,I will be happy.8
