1、阅读教材P5354中的材料，选出最佳选项1Whats the main idea of the passage?AIt tells us science is of great value in our lives.BIt tells us science only makes good things for people.CIt tells us science represents the destruction of people and often puts us at risk.DIt tells us science cant be measured by being good o
2、r evil.2Which value of science is not mentioned in the passage?AScientific knowledge enables us to invent something.BScience can provide people with intellectual enjoyment.CScience can make people feel ignorant，doubtful and uncertain about something.DScience makes people form a habit of thinking fre
3、ely and effectively.3According to the passage，whats the scientists responsibility?ADeclaring the value of the freedom of thought.BTeaching that doubt isnt to be feared but to be welcomed.CKnowing the progress is the fruit of freedom of thought.DEnsuring the freedom of thought is for all coming gener
4、ations.答案13ADCWords and Phrases知识要点1surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与紧密相关(教材P48)He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。例1The original builders surrounded the city with a wall.最初的建设者们在该城的周围修起了城墙。例2To some，happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.对一些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友
5、陪伴在自己身边。造句这是一个绿树环绕的小池塘。This is a small pond surrounded by/with green trees.知识拓展(1)surround sb./sth.(with.)(以)围绕，包围be surrounded by/with.被环绕/包围(2)surrounding adj.周围的，附近的(3)surroundings n.环境；周围的事物即学即练单句语法填空 Surrounded(surround) by beautiful rivers，the country has attracted a lot of visitors.The police
6、men decided to search the surrounding(surround) area.When Mr.Brown got off the train，he found himself surrounded (surround) by his students.There are a lot of fans surrounding(surround) the young star over there.小片段助记Once upon a time，a king who was very polite to surrounding countries lived in a cas
7、tle surrounded by tall trees and with wonderful surroundings.知识要点2by accident 偶然，意外地(教材P48)One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident，but actually this is far from the truth.有人可能会认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然，然而实际上，这远非事实。例1As a matter of fact，I landed in Britain by accident.事实上，我在英国上岸是偶然的。例2Success
8、 in life doesnt happen by accident.生活的成功并不是偶然发生的。造句我只是碰巧找到这些老照片的。I only found these old photos by accident.知识拓展accidentally adv.意外地，偶然地by accidentby chance偶然；无意中；不小心by mistake错误地by designon purpose故意地即学即练单句语法填空I cant find my book.Someone may have taken it by mistake.Your words sound as if I did it b
9、y design!I met one of my old friends in the street accidentally(accident)He did it on purpose，knowing it would annoy her.知识要点3favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒(教材P48)As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 正如路易斯巴斯德所说：“幸运垂青于有准备的人。”例1The warm climate favours many types of tropical p
10、lants.温暖的气候有利于多种热带植物的生长。例2The man asked me to do him a favour the other day.不久前的一天，那个人让我帮他一个忙。造句你支持这个决定吗？Are you in favour of the decision?知识拓展(1)in favour of支持，赞同in sb.s favour对某人有利show favour to对偏爱/偏袒do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙ask sb.a favour/ask a favour of sb.请某人帮个忙(2)favourable adj
11、.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的即学即练单句语法填空The terms of the agreement are favourable(favour) to both sides.The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment.The mother is careful to show no favour to any child.Most people are in favour of bringing down the housing prices.知识要点4charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使承担责任；使充满n.收费；控
12、告；谴责；掌管(教材P49)When a thunderstorm approached，the lightning would charge the key.当雷雨来临时，闪电就会给钥匙充电。例1How much do you charge a room with a bath?一间带浴室的房间多少钱？例2The restaurant charged 20 for dinner.这家餐馆收了20英镑的餐费。造句他们收了多少修理费？What did they charge for the repairs?知识拓展in charge of主管；负责；掌管in/under the charge o
13、f sb.in ones charge在某人的掌管下；由某人管理take charge of负责；掌管；接管charge sb.with sth./doing sth.控告某人犯某罪；指责某人做某事charge.for.就向某人索取费用即学即练单句语法填空He was charged with stealing(steal) a car last week.He charged me 50 yuan for repairing the mobile phone.The company is in the charge of Miss Green.He was charged with murd
14、er.小片段助记I found the shop assistant charged me more money for the service，so I asked to see the manager who is in charge of the shop. The assistant felt angry at being charged by her leader.知识要点5involve vt.牵涉，影响；包含；(使)参加 (教材P53)I had to ask myself，“Is there some evil involved in science？”我不得不问自己：“科学里
15、是不是有罪恶？”例1Many of the crimes involved drugs.许多犯罪都与毒品有关。例2There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。造句这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？How many vehicles were involved in the crash?知识拓展involve sb.in(doing) sth.(使)某人参与(做)某事be involved in包含在；与有关；被卷入；专心地(做)be involved with涉及become involved in
16、卷入，陷入get involved with给缠住即学即练单句语法填空What kind of organizations will be involved in setting(set) up these projects?He was involved(involve) in reading the novel all morning.There was a lot of work involved(involve) in setting up the festival.Parents should involve themselves in their childrens educati
17、on.小片段助记It is said that he got involved in an involved case. In my view，he and the other people involved may be sent to prison.知识要点6let sb.down 使某人失望(教材P54)Never concerned that the answer may let us down，with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading
18、on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。例1Well try our best to do it well.We dont want to let him down.我们会尽全力做好这件事。我们不想让他失望。例2Dont worry.Xiao，I wont let you down.不要担心。肖，我不会让你失望的。造句我会努力工作。我不想让老板失望。Ill work hard.I dont want to let
19、 the boss down.知识拓展let off排放；不惩罚，宽恕let out泄露；发出叫声let sb.alone不要管某人，不打扰某人let alone更不用说，更谈不上let sth.down使某物降低let in让进来即学即练单句语法填空Ill let him off this time but next time hell be punished.Im counting on you to make itdont let me downIt remains unknown who let out the secret.When my father is upset，he wou
20、ld rather we let him alone知识要点7ignorance n无知(教材P54)The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty，and this experience is of very great importance.科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定。而这种经历是十分重要的。例1They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance.他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。例2I am beginnin
21、g to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history.我开始为自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。造句贫穷和愚昧阻碍进步。Poverty and ignorance are the enemies of progress.知识拓展(1)be in ignorance of sth.不知某事；对某事不了解(2)ignore vt.忽视；对不予理会(3)ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的be ignorant of/about sth.不知道某事be ignorant that.不知道即学即练单句语法填空Sometime
22、s children do dangerous things out of ignorance (ignore)We are ignorant of/about your plan.The singer held his head and walked past, ignoring(ignore) his fans.She ignored(ignore) him and carried on with her work.知识要点8take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为是理所当然(教材P54)Now，we scientists take it for granted that
23、 it is perfectly possible to live and not know.现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。例1I just took it for granted that hed always be around.我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。例2 He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。造句这位男士想当然地认为他是最好的。The man took it for granted that h
24、e was the best.知识拓展take.seriously认真对待take ones time不用急，慢慢来take pride in以自豪take.for granted认为理所当然take charge of负责，掌管take advantage of利用即学即练单句语法填空He began to take science seriously (serious) only when he did some research in farming.We take it for granted(grant) that everyone should have the chance to
25、 be educated.Im going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.We take pride in offering you the highest standards.知识要点9permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n许可证(教材P54)Permit us to questionto doubtto not be sure.允许我们质疑、怀疑、不确定。例1No one is permitted to go into the building at presen
26、t.现在不允许任何人进入这座大楼。例2The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.守卫允许我带上相机和录音机。造句 如果天气允许，午饭时尽量出去散散步。Try to go out for a walk at lunchtime，if the weather permits.知识拓展(1)permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事permit(doing) sth.允许(做)某事(2)permission n.允许；许可；同意ask sb.for permissionask permission from
27、sb.请求某人许可with/without(ones) permission得到/未经(某人的)允许即学即练单句语法填空The rules of the club dont permit smoking(smoke)Strangers can enter the building with a permit.Smoking is not permitted(permit)in the cinema.You are not allowed to camp here without permission(permit)小片段助记Strangers are not permitted to ente
28、r the school during the outbreak of investigation without the presidents permission.If you have to go to school，you must ask the president for permission.知识要点10(教材P54)It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of thi
29、s freedom.作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值(1)responsibility n责任，负责；职责，义务例1Childhood activities help a child develop a sense of responsibility.儿童时期的活动有助于培养孩子的责任感。例2No one admitted responsibility for the attacks.没有人对这些袭击负责。造句对于一个孩子来说，这责任是太重了。Thats too much responsibility for a child.知识拓展(1)take/
30、have responsibility for对负责a sense of responsibility一种责任感(2)responsible adj.负责任的，对负责的be responsible for对负责即学即练单句语法填空You have responsibility(responsible) for clearing up the classroom after class.It is their responsibility to ensure(ensure) that the rules are carried out.She feels a strong sense of re
31、sponsibility towards her employees.He takes the view that children are responsible for their own actions.(2)declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报例1The government has declared a state of emergency.政府已宣布进入紧急状态。例2The area has been declared a national park.该地区已被宣布为国家公园。造句他声称他已经爱上了她。He declared that he had fallen in
32、 love with her.知识拓展declare war(on/against)(向)宣战declare sb./sth.(as/to be)n./adj.宣布某人/物为declare sth./that.宣布declare for/against.赞成/反对It is/was declared that.据宣布即学即练单句语法填空They declared him to be(be) the winner.The government has declared war on/against drug dealers.It was declared(declare) that the pl
33、ane would not take off due to the bad weather.The doctor finally declared(declare) that the woman was dead.主旨大意题主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括文章大意、概括段落大意、选择标题的形式出现。思维建模熟练3步解题流程技巧点拨1文章大意题不同文体不同解法(1)议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总分”或“总分总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。(2)说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。(3
34、)记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意。但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。2标题归纳题两大技巧(1)正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。(2)反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除不符选项。3段落大意题根据逻辑结构精准定位主题句(1)总分顺序组织段落：主题句在段首；(2)分总顺序组织段落：主题句在段尾；(3)分总分顺序组织段落：主题句在段中。例文Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has
35、 completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehiclenamed the Transitionhas two seats，four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition，which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month，can r
36、each around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground，it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a$10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale，and those numbers wil
37、l likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways.Its expected to cost $279，000.And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.What is the first paragraph mainly abou
38、t?AThe basic data of the Transition.BThe advantages of flying cars.CThe potential market for flying cars.DThe designers of the Transition.A段落大意题。根据第一段中提到飞行汽车的两个座位、四个轮子以及车翼、飞行速度、油耗等情况可知，该段是在介绍飞行汽车Transition的基本数据，故选A项。B项曲解文意，该段最后三句只是列举了这款飞行汽车在路上和在空中行驶时的一些数据对比，并没有提及其优势；C项无中生有，该段并没有提及这款飞行汽车的潜在市场问题；D项以偏概
39、全，文中确实提到了飞行汽车的设计者，但它不是本段的主要内容。即学即练请快速确定下面这道主旨大意题的答案。When I was eleven，my parents gave me the first book I ever ownedThe Tales of Edgar Allan Poe.I distinctly remember opening it，reading the first lines of the book，and remarking to myself，“So this is what reading is！” My delight was unbounded.Little
40、did I know at the time that I was at the beginning of a lifelong journey.What does the paragraph mainly talk about?AThe authors good memories.BThe authors childhood before 11.CThe authors parents reading habits.DThe authors affection for his first book.D段落大意题。根据“So this is what reading is！My delight was unbounded.”可知，作者在11岁时读了The Tales of Edgar Allan Poe这本书，它唤起作者对书籍的热爱。故选D。
