1、Lesson 33Out of the darknessdarkness n.黑暗explain v.解释，说明coast n.海岸storm n.暴风雨towards prep.朝，向，接近rock n.岩石shore n.海岸light n.灯光ahead adv.在前面cliff n.峭壁struggle v.挣扎hospital n.医院New words and expressinosdarkness n.黑暗；暗out of the darkness 冲出黑暗We couldnt see the houses in the darkness.The room was in dark
2、ness.房间一片漆黑dark (黑暗的)+ness(名词后缀)=darknesscareful(细心的)+ness=carefulness(仔细)good+ness=goodness(仁慈)explain vt&vi 说明,阐明;解释,辩解The girl was able to explain what had happenedThe manager explained to the customer why the goods were late.Explain what this word means.Can you Can you explainexplain why you wer
3、e late why you were late？explain away 搪塞（过失,怀疑）explain oneself 说明自己的意思，为自己辩解explain sth as sth 把解释为explaination n.说明解释You must give me an explanation.辨析：explain interpret都含有“解释”的意思explain 指解释不明之事，interpret侧重用特殊的知识，信念，判断，了解去阐明特别难懂的事情1）He is explaining how a machine operates.2）How do you explain this
4、poem？coast n.海岸She set out from a coast.他从海岸出发辨析：coast 邻近海的比较宽阔或狭长的地域We live on the coastshore湖或者海的边缘或水边的狭长陆地,比coast范围小She swam to the shore.beach（shore的倾斜部分）往往在涨潮时候被漫过The little beach hotel has a pleasant environment.storm n.暴风(雨)搭配：be caught in a storm 遭遇暴风雨storm in a teacup 小题大做take by storm 突然巧夺
5、11）在暴风雨中横渡海峡）在暴风雨中横渡海峡cross the Channel in a stormcross the Channel in a storm22）一阵弹雨）一阵弹雨a storm of bulletsa storm of bullets(子弹子弹)3）一阵暴风雨般的掌声a storm of applause4）我们应该经风雨，见世面We ought to face the world and brave the storm.5）雨过天晴，否极泰来After a storm comes a calm.联想：a rainstorm 暴风雨 a snowstorm 暴风雪a dust
6、storm 沙尘暴 towards prep.向,朝,接近We have to try hard towards success.我们要努力朝成功前进He is walking towards here.他正朝这边走来。rock n.岩石,礁石;摇滚乐;摇摆 v,摇摆;震惊n.岩石，大石头The house is built on a rockMountains are made of rock.climb up a rock爬上岩石v.摇摆 震动当我走到船的一边时，船摇晃了When I stepped onto the side of the boat，it rocked.rock a ba
7、by to sleep/rock a baby asleep 摇婴儿睡觉Our boat rocked to and from on the waves.The Presidents death rocked the nation.prezd()nt总统的死震动了全国搭配：as firm as a rock 屹立不动的，值得信赖的rock the boat 破坏团体的合作 light n.灯光，光线灯n.n.光光引火物引火物 为人所知的情况为人所知的情况 方面，见解方面，见解白天太阳给我们光亮白天太阳给我们光亮The sun gives us The sun gives us lightlig
8、ht during the day.during the day.能借个火吗？Can you give me a light，please？Please turn on the light.请开灯light tower 灯塔From the TV tower,we can see the lights of Beijing.从电视塔上，我们可以看到北京的万家灯火。To look at the matter in a new light以新见解看这个问题light v.点亮，点灯，点火light a cigarette 点燃一支烟You light up my life.你照亮了我的一生ligh
9、t adj.轻的，温柔的=gentle ahead adv.在前面 放在被修饰词的后面作定语,定语后置There is a light ahead 前方的灯光Walk straight ahead until you reach the river.一直朝前走到河边Full speed ahead！全速前进 ahead of在前面He went ahead of me.go ahead朝前走；请随便(回答请求时用)-Would you mind my using your phone?/Can I use your telephone?-Ok,go ahead.-Can I smoke her
10、e?-Go ahead./Sorry,youd better not.cliffn.悬崖eg：站在悬崖上stand on the edge of a cliff struggle n.v.斗争，挣扎1)v斗争struggle with sb /fight with sb和打斗The landlord struggled with the thief.struggle for sth 为斗争，努力struggle against sth 反对而斗争fight for freedom/struggle for freedom为自由而战The people are struggling for fr
11、eedom.Chinese people struggle against Japanese for eight years.2)v挣扎，艰难的前进She struggled up the cliff她艰难的爬上悬崖。The chick finally broke through the shell and struggled out.3)n挣扎，手脚乱动，奋斗Don t give up without a struggle.搭配：struggle against/with 与做斗争struggle along 挣扎着生活下去struggle for 为了而斗争struggle on 拼命活下
12、去，继续努力 hospital n.医院field hospital 战地医院be in hospital 住院go to hospital&go to the hospital去住院&去医院+the 只表示地点in hospital&in the hospital 在住院&在医院hospitality nu殷勤招待，厚待hspitlitigive hospitality to a personshow hospitality to a person款待（某人）Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had h
13、appened to her.One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.Towards evening,the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.Earl
14、y next morning,she saw a light ahead.She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.On arriving at the shore,the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.That was all she remembered.When she woke up a day later,she found herself in hospital.几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘
15、才能讲述自己的遭遇.一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。天将黑时，小船撞在了一块礁石上，姑娘跳进了海里。她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。在那段时间里，她游了8英里。第二天凌晨，她看到前方有灯光，知道自己已经接近岸边了，因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。她所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。1.Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.He passed my house this morning.Pa
16、st?past不是动词，它可以用作介词、形容词、副词和名词：He walked past my house.(介词)He told me about his past experience.(形容词)He seems似乎 to live in the past.(名词)be able tobe able to and and CanCancan表示总的能力或客观存在的能力，而be able to 表示的是特定的、具体的能力，强调不仅具备了某种能力，而且还实际做到了或将会做到。He could walk forty miles a day in the past.(具备这种能力，但不一定实际去做
17、。)He was able to walk forty miles a day last year.（不仅具有这种能力，而且实际做了。）We will be able to finish the work next month.You might be able to persuade him.pswed 说服2.One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.set off 出发，使爆炸Do be careful with those fireworks;the slight
18、est spark could set them off.这些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。set to 动手干,认真开始干Having enough data in hand,we can set to work.手头有足够的资料我们可以开始工作了。set about 开始,着手He set about learning Chinese at age ten.be caught in往往是指遇上“灾难、困难”。I was caught in a snowstorm.3.Towards evening,the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped
19、 into the sea.towards&to的区别Suddenly,one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards/to a passing boat.上句可知，towards和to都有朝什么方向去的意思，但towards可以表示时间，含义为“接近”或“将近”，而 to 并无此含义如文中的 towards evening4.Then she swam to the shore after spendingthe whole night in the water.Shore：是这三个词中最普通的一个，可指湖、海等
20、的the western shore of the Pacific 太平洋西岸Bank：河岸Some children were playing games on the bankCoast：海岸，通常特指与海洋相接的整个一长条陆地；还常与地图、气候及海防有关China has a very long coast.中国的海岸很长。Coast guard 海岸警卫队5.During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.during that time 是一般过去时的标志词During that time she was responsi
21、ble for typewriting.在那段时间里，她负责打字.cover vt.覆盖;采访,报导;涉及;包括vi.代替;覆盖n.盖子,覆盖物;(书等的)封面;隐蔽,遮蔽;(保险公司的)保险不管是“游过”，还是“飞过”，还是“爬过”等等，都可以用“cover”（覆盖）来表示the bird covered three miles in three minutes.The front cover of the novel has been torn off.6.Early next morning,she saw a light ahead.Go ahead of her.（动态）走在她的前面
22、She sits in front of me.（静态）她坐在我前面。ahead of time 事先Can you tell me ahead of time if youre coming?go ahead Go ahead and do what you like.去吧，喜欢干什么就干什么。7.She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.那人跳下悬崖自杀。The man committed suicide by jumping off the cliff.8.On arriving
23、 at the shore,the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.on+doing相当于as soon asOn hearing the news,she fainted.=When she heard the news,she faint.On arriving home,it began to rain.When she arrived home,it began to rain.如果是两个不同的主语，则不能使用“on+动名词”的结构！struggle vi努力，斗争n.努力，斗争他努力控制住自己的脾气
24、。He struggled to control his temper.在打斗中，有几个人受伤。Several people were hurt in the struggle.9.That was all she remembered.When she woke up a day later,she found herself in hospital.she found herself in hospital.主谓宾宾补I find myself stupid 我发现自己很笨。I found the film boring 我发现这部电影很枯燥。I found him dishonesty
25、我发现他不诚实。We found him a liar 我们发现他是个大骗子。He is finding the trip very exciting.他发现旅途非常刺激。关键句型Key structures表方向介词：to，from，into，out of，for，towards，at等与动词的搭配问题。to and fromto and fromfrom door to door 挨家挨户from cover to cover 从头读到尾from beginning to end 从头到尾from hand to mouth 所挣的钱仅够糊口He flew to Washington la
26、st night.He will be flying from Washington to Chicago on Wednesday.他在昨天晚上飞往华盛顿。他将于周三从华盛顿飞往芝加哥。into and out of1)into:entrance 进入in:position 在.里在.地方2)out of:exit 离开，出去Where is Carol?She has just gone into the kitchen.Where did you throw that piece of paper?I threw it out of the window.forfor:the desti
27、nation for journey 一个旅途的目的地We set out for the village at six o clock next morning.我们第二天早上6点出发去那个村庄。George has left for Scotland.乔治己动身去苏格兰了。leave somewhere离开某地leave for somewhere离开去某地towardstowards:The car came towards me车朝我开来了。She swam towards the shore她朝岸边游了过去。She swam to the shore她游到到了岸边。atat 放某些动
28、词后含有“不礼貌”“攻击性”的含义。She threw the ball to me她把球扔给了我。The boy threw a stone at the dog.这个男孩拿石头砸向了狗。Don t shout at others 不要对别人大喊大叫。It is so noisy that we have to shout to each other.这里太吵了，以至我们不得不喊着说话。It is rude to point at people用手指着别人是不礼貌的。用于表示方向和目的地的介词和副词(也被称为小品词)(1)表示“上”、“下”的两对小品词是on和off，up和down：Jims
29、 standing on the roof.I hope he wont fall off.吉姆正站在房顶上。我希望他不会掉下来。Toms climbing up the tree.I hope he wont fall down.汤姆正在爬树。我希望他不要摔下来。(2)表示“来”、“去”的一对小品词是from和to、towards的意义与to相近，表示“朝”、“向”、“接近”等;for在有些动词后面也表示“往”、“向”的意思：He came from Moscow.Hes going to New York.他从莫斯科来。他将要去纽约。He went towards the shop qui
30、ckly.他快速地向商店走去。He left/set out for New York yesterday.他昨天动身去纽约了。(3)表示“进去”、“出来“这两种方向的介词为into和out of;表示“在某个地方”或“在里面/外面”可用 at，in，out of等;表示目的地或位置往往用at：When did you come into the restaurant?你什么时候进的餐馆?We arrived in the country on Sunday.星期天我们到达乡下。(范围大时用in)We arrived at the station in the evening.晚上我们到达车站
31、。(范围小时用at)(4)表示“穿过”等动作时，往往用 through,across,under,over,round等We plan to travel through Japan(to travel in Japan)this summer.我们计划这个夏天去日本旅游Go across the brige and you will see a red house过了桥你会看到一座红房子。I looked back _the girl,who was giving me a smile.The plane fliesMoscowNew York.（从莫斯科飞往纽约）We ranthe hou
32、se.（从屋里跑出来）You werentthe restaurant when I come .(我进来的时候你不在餐馆。)语法小测out offromtotoininSpecial Difficultiespast/passed与next/other的练习：1.I tried to telephone you the other day.You must have been out.(the other day/the next day)我前几天给你打电话，你出去了。2.Have you passed your driving test?(past/passed)你通过驾驶考试了吗？3.On the first day all went well.But on the next day there was a storm.(next/other)第一天还是一切正常，但是第二天就有暴风雨。4.The crowd cheered as the soldiers marched past.(past/passed)当士兵队伍经过的时候，人群欢呼雀跃。Thank you!See you next time!
