1、Module 6Animals in Danger Section Grammar复习定语从句语法图解 课文原句感知On a freezing cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking fora group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed.Often working at night, the
2、 poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is made into the shawls.Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.语法领悟(1)句、
3、句和句为限制性定语从句，关系词分别在句中作主语、主语和宾语。(2)句和句为非限制性定语从句，关系词分别在句中作定语和状语。(3)句中的关系词which可以用that代替。(4)句中的关系词where可以用in_which代替。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1引导定语从句的常用关系代词的用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语The man who/that is sitting in the front row is our English teacher.坐在前排的那位男士是
4、我们的英语老师。He is the man whom/who/that you are looking for.他就是你正在找的那个人。The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea.他住在一座窗户朝向大海的大房子里。Such people as have made a contribution to the world should be respected.那些
5、对世界做出贡献的人应受到尊重。In the last exam，he made the same mistake as you made.在上次考试中，他犯了一个与你相同的错误。This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。名师点津(1)关系代词who，whom，which，that在从句中作宾语
6、时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that。(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。2关系代词that和which的用法区别即学即练1单句语法填空Those people who/whom/that the boss interviewed are applicants for the job.A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.October 1, 1949 is th
7、e day that/which well never forget.He is the very person that I want to talk to.They were talking about persons and things that they remembered.They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.二、关系副词引导的定语从句They will never forget the day when (on which) they joined the party.他们
8、永远不会忘记参加聚会的那一天。Students should involve themselves in community activities where(in which) they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。He didnt know the reason why(for which) he was dismissed.他不知道他为什么被解雇了。名师点津(1)当先行词为时间名词、地点名词或reason时，若先行词在从句中作状语，则分别用when，where或why；若先行词在从句中作主语或宾
9、语时，则用that或which。(2)当先行词是way时，若way在从句中作状语时，则从句用in which或that引导，引导词也可省略。若way在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用which或that引导该从句，其中作宾语时，which/that也可省略。即学即练2单句语法填空I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.Can you show me a case where this
10、 phrase is often misused by Chinese students, Mr Brown?The reason why he was fired was not known to us.三、定语从句中关系词的选用方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词(wher
11、e作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语)。The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father.昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年待过的山村。即学即练3单句语法填空We will be shown around some places that visitors seldom go to. We talked about the persons and things that we can rem
12、ember. I will never forget those years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers. There comes a time when children need to learn more about first aid. 四、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1“介词关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法：方法一：根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。方法二：根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。方法三：根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。2“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句注意事项：(1)“介词关系代词”结构中的关系
13、代词通常用which或whom，不用that。(2)关系副词where，when，why可替换成“介词which”，介词取决于先行词及“介词which”在从句中的作用。why只可替换成for which。(3)“不定代词或数词介词which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体中的部分。(4)“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”；可替换成“whose名词”，引导定语从句。The poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。Ill never forget the day on which I joined the
14、 army.我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。Last week，only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it.上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。The house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose wind
15、ows were damaged has now been repaired.窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。即学即练4(1)用适当的介词填空Air, without which man cant live, is really important.The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed.I dont know the reason for which he was late for school.(2)句型转换Im very grateful to Mr Zhang. I couldnt have been admitt
16、ed to a key university without his encouragement.Im very grateful to Mr Zhang, without whose encouragement I couldnt have been admitted to a key university.I made friends with Susan and Alice in that school. Susan and Alice were interested in astronomy.I made friends with Susan and Alice in that sch
17、ool, both of whom were interested in astronomy.Have the police found Mrs White? The gold ring belongs to Mrs White.Have the police found Mrs White to whom the gold ring belongs?Anne paid a visit to Mr Yang. She came across one of her university classmates in Mr Yangs office.Anne paid a visit to Mr Y
18、ang, in whose office she came across one of her university classmates.五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：He is the man who came to see you yesterday.他是昨天来看你的那个人。The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us.运动会推迟了，这让我们很吃惊。2as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：As we all know, smoking is harmful to health
19、.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。He finished the task ahead of time, which is very important to us.他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。3非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别：非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用逗号分开，并且不能加入and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由and，but，or等词连接。He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.He paid the boy $10 for was
20、hing the windows, and most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.即学即练5单句语法填空He suddenly fell ill, which prevented him from going to school.Where is the dictionary which I bought yesterday?The Great Wall is one of the buildings that Chinese people are proud of.Yesterday I met Mary, who looke
21、d very tired.He has two sons, both of whom are doctors.He has two sons, and both of them are doctors.As is reported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress.My mother always treats me like a baby, which I cant bear.I want to do it in the same way as you did.链接高考单句语法填空1(2
22、018江苏)Selfdriving is an area whereChina and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.2(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
23、3(2018浙江)Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.4(2018北京)She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.5(2018天津)Kate, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to wor
24、k in Australia. 6(2017北京)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.7(2017天津)My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.8(2017全国卷)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, which is not good for the health.9(2017全国卷)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.10(2016北京)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
